Usability strategies of instructional interface design courseware for inclusive education system
Research in aiding learners with instructional design has been one of the focuses in the area of user interface design. However, studies have revealed that 80% of learning materials such as textbook and courseware are rigidly designed, besides studies on usability strategies for courseware design in...
Saved in:
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Thesis |
Language: | eng eng |
Published: |
2015
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://etd.uum.edu.my/5781/1/depositpermission_s94621.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/5781/2/s94621_01.pdf |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
my-uum-etd.5781 |
---|---|
record_format |
uketd_dc |
institution |
Universiti Utara Malaysia |
collection |
UUM ETD |
language |
eng eng |
advisor |
Abdul Mutalib, Ariffin Abdul Salam, Sobihatun Nur |
topic |
T58.6-58.62 Management information systems |
spellingShingle |
T58.6-58.62 Management information systems Tosho, Abdulrauf Usability strategies of instructional interface design courseware for inclusive education system |
description |
Research in aiding learners with instructional design has been one of the focuses in the area of user interface design. However, studies have revealed that 80% of learning materials such as textbook and courseware are rigidly designed, besides studies on usability strategies for courseware design in Inclusive Learning is very limited. Accordingly, the instructional approach in courseware needs to be designed based on an
appropriate conceptual design model to ensure that it meets the needs of learners. However, many existing design models of courseware have not provided a set of proper specific requirements and enough usability strategies for instructional interface in order to encourage the learners in utilizing the courseware. Hence, this study proposes Instructional Interface Design for Courseware (IID4C) model that caters the needs of
diverse learners. The objective is to ensure that the design of courseware meets the needs of inclusive learners through instructional interface in terms of structure, layout, and navigation. Iterative Triangulation Method has been utilized in conducting the research. This includes comparative analysis, expert review, prototyping, and user experience testing. Findings of user experience testing indicate that the IID4C model is able to fulfill the learners instructional interface needs. This study shows that the IID4C model is useful
for information accessibility and contributes for the designing and developing instructional courseware. |
format |
Thesis |
qualification_name |
Ph.D. |
qualification_level |
Doctorate |
author |
Tosho, Abdulrauf |
author_facet |
Tosho, Abdulrauf |
author_sort |
Tosho, Abdulrauf |
title |
Usability strategies of instructional interface design courseware for inclusive education system |
title_short |
Usability strategies of instructional interface design courseware for inclusive education system |
title_full |
Usability strategies of instructional interface design courseware for inclusive education system |
title_fullStr |
Usability strategies of instructional interface design courseware for inclusive education system |
title_full_unstemmed |
Usability strategies of instructional interface design courseware for inclusive education system |
title_sort |
usability strategies of instructional interface design courseware for inclusive education system |
granting_institution |
Universiti Utara Malaysia |
granting_department |
Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://etd.uum.edu.my/5781/1/depositpermission_s94621.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/5781/2/s94621_01.pdf |
_version_ |
1747827980638355456 |
spelling |
my-uum-etd.57812016-07-13T15:14:07Z Usability strategies of instructional interface design courseware for inclusive education system 2015 Tosho, Abdulrauf Abdul Mutalib, Ariffin Abdul Salam, Sobihatun Nur Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences T58.6-58.62 Management information systems Research in aiding learners with instructional design has been one of the focuses in the area of user interface design. However, studies have revealed that 80% of learning materials such as textbook and courseware are rigidly designed, besides studies on usability strategies for courseware design in Inclusive Learning is very limited. Accordingly, the instructional approach in courseware needs to be designed based on an appropriate conceptual design model to ensure that it meets the needs of learners. However, many existing design models of courseware have not provided a set of proper specific requirements and enough usability strategies for instructional interface in order to encourage the learners in utilizing the courseware. Hence, this study proposes Instructional Interface Design for Courseware (IID4C) model that caters the needs of diverse learners. The objective is to ensure that the design of courseware meets the needs of inclusive learners through instructional interface in terms of structure, layout, and navigation. Iterative Triangulation Method has been utilized in conducting the research. This includes comparative analysis, expert review, prototyping, and user experience testing. Findings of user experience testing indicate that the IID4C model is able to fulfill the learners instructional interface needs. This study shows that the IID4C model is useful for information accessibility and contributes for the designing and developing instructional courseware. 2015 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/5781/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/5781/1/depositpermission_s94621.pdf text eng staffonly https://etd.uum.edu.my/5781/2/s94621_01.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Abdul Mutalib, A., & Shiratuddin, N. (2008). Usable but Not Entertaining e-Learning Material. In World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (Vol. 2008, No. 1, pp. 11-19). Abran, A., Khelifi, A., Suryn, W., & Seffah, A. (2003). Usability meanings and interpretations in ISO standards. Software Quality Journal, 11(4), 325-338. Achimugu, P., O. Oluwagbemi, et al. (2010). "An evaluation of the impact of ICT diffusion in Nigeria’s higher educational institutions." Journal of Information Technology Impact 10(1): 25-34 Adewara, J. A., Adeleke, I. A., Ogundeji, R. K., & Ahani, E. B. (2010). A Statistical Analysis Of The Performance Distance Learning Students And The Full-Time Students At The University Of Lagos. American Journal of Business Education (AJBE), 3(9). Ahuja, V. 2000. Building trust in electronic commerce, IT Professional 2: 61–63. Albert, W., & Tullis, T. (2013). Measuring the user experience: collecting, analyzing, and presenting usability metrics. Newnes. Alessi, S. M., & Trollip, S. R. (2001). Multimedia for learning: Methods and development. Boston: Pearson. Alhajj, T., Wang, L., Wheeler, K., Zhao, W., Sun, Y., Stallones, L., & Xiang, H. (2010). Prevalence of disability among adolescents and adults in rural China. Disability and Health Journal, 3(4), 282–288. doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2010.01.002 Alonso, F., López, G., Manrique, D., & Viñes, J. M. (2005). An instructional model for web‐based e‐learning education with a blended learning process approach. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(2), 217-235. Al-Rawi, W. T., Jacobs, R., Hassan, B. A., Sanderink, G., & Scarfe, W. C. (2014). Evaluation of web-based instruction for anatomical interpretation in maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography. Evaluation, 36(8). Ambrose, G., & Harris, P. (2009). Basics design 08: design thinking (Vol. 8). Ava Publishing. American Department of Justice. (2010). Nondiscrimination on the basis of disability in state and local goverment services. Federal Register, 75(178), 1–74. Retrieved from http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/titleII_2010/titleII_ 2010_fr.pdf. 20.05.2014. Ammenwerth, E., Iller, C., & Mansmann, U. (2003). Can evaluation studies benefit from triangulation? A case study. International journal of medical informatics, 70(2), 237-248. Angelina, P., (2002), ‘E-learning: The alternative leaning processes, The Star Tech Plus, 29 Aug., pp.9-12. Angelina, P., (2002), ‘Local initiatives in e-learning’, The Star Tech Plus, 29 Aug., p.11. Angelino, L. M., Williams, F. K., & Natvig, D. (2007). Strategies to engage online students and reduce attrition rates. The Journal of Educators Online, 4(2), 1-14. Ardito, C., Costabile, M.F., De Marsico, M., Lanzilotti, R., Levialdi, S., Roselli, T., & Rossano, V. (2006). An Approach to Usability Evaluation of e-Learning Applications. Universal Access in the Information Society International Journal, 4(3), 270–283. Ardito, C., De Marsico, M., Lanzilotti, R., Levialdi, S., Roselli, T., Rossano, V., & Tersigli, M. (2004). Usability of E-Learning Tools. Proceedings of AVI 2004, May 25-28, 2004, Gallipoli, Italy, 80-84. Ariffin A.M. & Faizah M. (2010). Guideline of Assistive Courseware for Hearing Impact Students. In Proceedings Knowledge Management International Conference 2010, Thompson-ISI Ariffin A.M. (2009). Conceptual Design of Reality Leraning Media (RLM) Model based on Fun and Entertaining Constructs. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Retrieved from http://etd.uum.edu.my/1521/2/1.Ariffin_Abdul_ Mutalib.pdf Ariffin, A. M., & Norshuhada, S. (2008). Usable but not entertaining eLearning materials. In Proceedings of World Conference on e-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (e-Learn). Arksey, H., & Knight, P. T. (1999). Interviewing for social scientists: An introductory resource with examples. Sage. Atif, Y. 2002. Building trust in e-commerce, IEEE Internet Computing 6: 18–24 Aziz, N. A. A., Rasli, R. M., & Ramli, K. (2010, December). Preschool Multimedia Interactive Courseware: Classifying Object (Mengelaskan Objek) PMICMO. In Software Engineering (WCSE), 2010 Second World Congress on(Vol. 2, pp. 318-322). IEEE. Aziz, N., Mutalib, A. A., Sarif, S. M., & Jaafar, M. S. (2013). Preliminary investigation on creative educational content for visually-impaired (VI) learners. In Advances in Visual Informatics (pp. 408-417). Springer International Publishing. Aziz, N., Roseli, N. H. M., Eshak, E. S., & Mutalib, A. A. (2010). Assistive Courseware for the visually impaired based on theory of multiple intelligence. In Proceedings of Knowledge Management International Conference. Aziz, N., Roseli, N. H., Eshak, E. S., & Mutalib, A. A. (2011). Assistive courseware for the visually impaired based on theory of multiple intelligence and SECI model. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 3(1), 150. Azizah, C. N., Mutalib, A. A., Aziz, N. N., & Bakar, R. M. A. (2011). Multiple Intelligence Ensures Usability of Digital Storytelling for Preschool Children. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 1(2), 117-123. Bach, P. M., & Lai, J. (2006). Usability and learning in a speech-enabled reading tutor: a field study. Paper presented at the CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Baecker, R., grudin, J., Buxton, W., & Greenberg, S. (1995). Reading in human-computer interaction: Toward the year 2000(2nd ed.). San Francisco. Baguhin, J. E., Pescador, A. M., Salva, L. A. J., & Aurora, C. A. B. (2012). An Interactive Courseware for Preschooler of Liceo de Cagayan University. Advancing Information Technology Research, 3(1). Baharudin, S., Ismail, M., Ahmad, S., & Dahalan, N. M. (2011, June). Evaluating the usability and acceptance of multimedia web-based education among children. In Humanities, Science & Engineering Research (SHUSER), 2011 International Symposium on (pp. 46-49). IEEE. Bahrudin, I. A., Muhammad, M., Nawawi, M. I., Saharudin, I. N., Din, H. M., Ali, M. A., & Abdullah, M. E. (2011). Development of interactive courseware for learning basic computer system components. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 3(1), 132. Baker, R. K., (2003), ‘A Framework for Design and Evaluation of Internet-Based Distance Learning Courses Phase One – Framework Justification, Design and Evaluation’, Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, vol.6, no.2. Baloian, N., Berges, A., Buschmann, S., Ga, K., Hardings, J., Hoppe, H. U., & Luther, W. (2002). Document management in a computer-integrated classroom. Groupware: Design, Implementation, and Use, Springer: 35-44. Bartlett, J. A., DeMasi, R., Quinn, J., Moxham, C., & Rousseau, F. (2001). Overview of the effectiveness of triple combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 infected adults. Aids, 15(11), 1369-1377. Bartuskova, A., & Krejcar, O. (2014). Design Requirements of Usability and Aesthetics for e-Learning Purposes. In Advanced Approaches to Intelligent Information and Database Systems (pp. 235-245). Springer International Publishing. Bartuskova, A., & Krejcar, O. (2014). The Evolutionary Approach of General Systems Theory Applied to World Wide Web. In Context-Aware Systems and Applications (pp. 188-197). Springer International Publishing. Bastug, M. (2015). Scale Development Study for Prospective Teachers of Online Reading Strategies. Anthropologist, 19(1), 101-109. Beier, M. and Von Gizycki, V., (2000) Usability – Nutzerfreundliches Web-Design, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer- Verlag. Beng, S. T., & Seh, L. S. (2007). Achieving incremental successes in courseware development through prototyping. Berger, C., & Kam, R. (1996). Definitions of Instructional Design. Adapted from" Training and Instructional Design". Applied Research Laboratory, Penn State University. Recuperado de http://www. umich. edu/~ ed626/define. html en, 26(05), 2012. Retrieved May, 23, 2014. Bernhaupt, R., Schwaiger, D., Riegler, S., & Enthaler, D. (2007, June). Evaluating children's gaming experiences. In Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology (pp. 224-225). ACM. Blecken, A., Bruggemann, D., & Marx, W. (2010, January). Usability evaluation of a learning management system. In System Sciences (HICSS), 2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 1-9). IEEE. Bleimann, U., (2004), ‘Atlantis University: a new pedagogical approach beyond elearning’, Campus-wide Information Systems, vol.21, no.5, pp.191-195. Boling, E., & Frick, T. W. (1997). Holistic rapid prototyping for Web design: Early usability testing is essential. In B. H. Khan (Ed.), Web-based instruction (pp. 319-328). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications. Boyd, R. K., & Moulton, B. (2004). Universal design for online education: access for all. The distance education evolution: issues and case studies, 67-115. Brault, M. W. (2012). Americans with Disabilities: 2010. United State Census Bureau, (July), 1–24. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/p70-131.pdf, Retrieved 20.05.2014. British Council 2011. Cross-Border Higher Education in Nigeria – Strategic Partnership and Alliances – Prime Minister’s Initiative. Retrieved from: http://www.britishcouncil.org/learning-pmi2-policy-dialogues-tne.htm Brown, A. (1997). Designing for Learning: What are the Essential Features of an Effective Online Course? Australian Journal of Education Technology, v13 (2), pp. 115-126. Summer, 1997. Bryman, A. and E. Bell (2011). Business Research Methods 3e, Oxford university press. Buchanan, J. B., Corvo, R. S., Phillips, G. S., Pratt, M. C., Richardson, J. C., Daun, S. C.,... & Brennan, T. A. (2009). "Customizable Graphical User Interface." U.S. Patent Application 12/533,286. Bullen, M., Pasian, B. L., & Woodill, G. A. (2006). When worlds collide: Project management and the collegial culture. In B. L. Pasian & G. A. Woodill (Eds.), The impact of e-learning on the use of campus instructional space. Toronto, Canada: CeLEA.CA: SAGE. Burigat, S., Chittaro, L., & Gabrielli, S. (2008). Navigation techniques for small-screen devices: An evaluation on maps and web pages. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 66(2), 78-97. Burstyn, J., Banerjee, A., & Vertegaal, R. (2013). FlexView: An evaluation of depth navigation on deformable mobile devices. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction (pp. 193-200). ACM. Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd Ed). New York: Routledge Caldwell, B., Chisholm, W., Vanderheiden, G., and White, J. (Eds.), 2004. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0, W3C Working Draft 30 July 2004, World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved July 3, 2013 from http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WDWCAG20-20040730/. Calvert, J., (2001), ‘Deakin University: Going online at a dual mode university’, International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, vol.1, no.2. Campbell, K., & Aucoin, R. (2003). Value-based design of learning portals as new academic spaces. Designing portals: opportunities and challenges, 162-185. Canqun, H., & Zhonghua, S. (2010). The principles of human-computer interface design in the multi-media courseware. In 2010 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education (ICAIE) (pp. 69-72). Carr, S. (2000). As distance education comes of age, the challenge is keeping the students. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 46(23), A39-A41. Cavana, R., Delahaye, B. L., & Sekeran, U. (2001). Applied business research: Qualitative and quantitative methods. John Wiley & Sons Australia. Celsi, M. W., Money, A. H., Samouel, P., & Page, M. J. (2011). Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Chaisanit, S., Suksakulchai, S., & Nimnual, R. (2010, October). Interactive multimedia courseware of vowel training for the hearing impaired. In Control Automation and Systems (ICCAS), 2010 International Conference on (pp. 1196-1199). IEEE. Chan, L., D. Cuplinskas, et al. (2002). "Budapest open access initiative." Chan, S. and A. Jaafar (2010). The development and usability of Malaysian sexuality education (MSE) courseware. User Science and Engineering (i-USEr), 2010 International Conference on, IEEE. Chapelle, C., & Jamieson, J. (2013). Authoring Systems For Courseware Development: What Should Beginners Look For?. CALICO journal, 3(3), 14-19. Chen, Bin. (2013). On the Application of Multimedia in Aerobics Teaching Optimization. Cheskin Research and Studio Archetype/Sapient 1999. e-Commerce trust study. Retrieved June 30, 2013 from http://www.cheskin.com/docs/sites/1/reporteComm% 20Trust1999.pdf. Chorianopoulos, K., & Giannakos, M. N. (2013, June). Usability design for video lectures. In Proceedings of the 11th european conference on Interactive TV and video (pp. 163-164). ACM. Chua, C. K., Leong, K. F., Lim, C. S., & Vu, T. T. (2010). Multimedia courseware for teaching of rapid prototyping systems. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 16(2), 80-89. Churchill, D. (2011). "Conceptual Model Learning Objects and Design Recommendations for Small Screens." Journal of Educational Technology & Society 14(1), 203–216 Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2002). e-Learning and the Science of Instruction, Hoboken: John Wiley. Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2011). E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. John Wiley & Sons. Clark, R. E. (1983). Reconsidering Research on Learning from Media. Review of Educational Research, 53 (4), 445-459. Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. London and New York: Routledge. Cole, I. J., & LEWIS, D. (2012). Usability of Online Virtual Learning Environments: Key Issues for Instructors and Learners. Student Usability in Educational Software and Games: Improving Experiences: Improving Experiences, 41. Collins, G.R., (2002), ‘Case Study: A Satellite-based Internet Learning System for the Hospitality Industry’, Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, vol.5 no.4. Corbin, J., & Morse, J. M. (2003). The unstructured interactive interview: Issues of reciprocity and risks when dealing with sensitive topics. Qualitative Inquiry, 9(3), 335–354. Cousineau, T. M., Franko, D. L., Ciccazzo, M., Goldstein, M., & Rosenthal, E. (2006). Web-based nutrition education for college students: Is it feasible? Evaluation and program planning, 29(1), 23-33. Cox, K., & Walker, D. (1993). User Interface Design (2nd Ed.), New York London: Prentice Hall. Crawford, C. (2004). Non‐linear instructional design model: eternal, synergistic design and development. British Journal of Educational Technology, 35(4), 413-420. Crespo, R. G., Martínez, O. S., Lovelle, J. M. C., García-Bustelo, B. C., Gayo, J. E. L., & de Pablos, P. O. (2011). Recommendation system based on user interaction data applied to intelligent electronic books. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(4), 445–1449 Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (2nd ed). USA: SAGE Publications. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd d.). Thousand Oaks, Creswell, J. W. and V. L. P. Clark (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research, Wiley Online Library. Creswell, J. W., A. Klassen, et al. (2011). "Best practices for mixed methods research in the health sciences." Bethesda (Maryland): National Institutes of Health. Creswell, J. W., Hanson, W. E., Plano, V. L. C., & Morales, A. (2007). Qualitative research designs selection and implementation. The Counseling Psychologist, 35(2), 236-264. Creswell, J. W., Klassen, A. C., Plano Clark, V. L., & Smith, K. C. (2011). Best practices for mixed methods research in the health sciences. Bethesda (Maryland): National Institutes of Health. Creswell, J. W., W. E. Hanson, et al. (2007). "Qualitative research designs selection and implementation." The Counseling Psychologist 35(2): 236-264. Cut Nora A.,. Ariffin A. M, Nurulnadwan A., and Rozana Mastura, A. B., (2011). “Multiple intelligence ensures usability of digital storytelling for preschool children,” Proceeding Int. Conf. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., pp. 117–123. Davids, M. R., Chikte, U., Grimmer‐Somers, K., & Halperin, M. L. (2013). Usability testing of a multimedia e‐learning resource for electrolyte and acid‐base disorders. British Journal of Educational Technology. Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information tech-nology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. de S Sirisuriya, S., Ranathunga, L., Karunanayaka, S., & Abdullah, N. (2013). Can Pedagogical Evaluation Process of Web based E-Learning be Automated? Development and Delivery’, Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, vol.6, no.2. De Villiers, R. (2004, October). Usability evaluation of an e-learning tutorial: Criteria, questions and case study. In Proceedings of the 2004 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on IT research in developing countries (pp. 284-291). South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists. Desurvire, H. W. (1994). Faster, cheaper!! Are usability inspection methods as effective as empirical testing? In Nielsen, J., and Mack, R. L. (Eds.), Usability Inspection Methods, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 173–202. Desurvire, H., Caplan, M., & Toth, J. A. (2004, April). Using heuristics to evaluate the playability of games. In CHI'04 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (pp. 1509-1512). ACM. Devaraju, A., Techanamurthy, U., Zakaria, M. H., & Yusoh, Z. I. M. E-Learning for Disability: Creation, Assessment, and Implementation. Dewald, N., Scholz-Crane, A., Booth, A., & Levine, C. (2000). Information literacy at a distance: Instructional design issues. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 26(1), 33-44.Diaz-Maggioli, G. (2003). Professional development for language teachers. Eric Digest, 03-03. Dicicco-Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40(4), 314–321. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006. 02418.x Dick, W., & Carey, L. (2004). The systematic design of instruction (6th Editio.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (1996). The systematic design of instruction (4th Ed.). New York, NY: Harper Collin. Dillon, A., & Jobst, J. (2005). Multimedia learning with hypermedia. In R. E. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning (pp. 569–588). Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press DIN EN ISO 9241 part 11, 2006. Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs): Guidance on usability, 1998, re-titled to: Ergonomics of Human System Interaction: Guidance on usability. Din, R., Norman, H., Kamarulzaman, M. F., Shah, P. M., Karim, A., Salleh, N. S. M., ... & Mastor, K. A. (2012). Creation of a Knowledge Society via the Use of Mobile Blog: A Model of Integrated Meaningful Hybrid E-training. Asian Social Science, 8(16), p45. Dix, A., J. Finlay, G. D. Abowd and R. Beale (2004) Human– Computer Interaction, 3rd ed. Pearson Education Limited: Harlow, England Dörnyei, Z. and T. Taguchi (2010). Questionnaires in second language research: Construction, administration, and processing, Routledge. Downward, P., Mearman, A., & Lane, C. (2005). Methodological triangulation at the Bank of England: an investigation. Economics Working Paper, 5(05). Dringus, L. P., & Cohen, M. S. (2005, October). An adaptable usability heuristic checklist for online courses. In Frontiers in Education, 2005. FIE'05. Proceedings 35th Annual Conference (pp. T2H-6). IEEE. Duffy, T. M., & Jonassen, D. H. (Eds.). (2013). Constructivism and the technology of instruction: A conversation. Routledge. Dwolatzky, B., Kennedy, I. G., & Owens, J. D. (2002). Modern software engineering methods for developing courseware. Edginton, A., & Holbrook, J. (2010). A blended leaning approach to teaching basic pharmacokinetics and the significance of face-to-face interaction. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 74(5). Efendioğlu, A. (2012). "Courseware development model (CDM): The effects of CDM on primary school pre-service teachers' achievements and attitudes." Computers & Education 59(2): 687-700. Elgort, I. (2005). E-learning adoption: Bridging the chasm. Paper presented at the Proceedings of ASCILITE. Elissavet, G., & Economides, A. A. (2003). An evaluation instrument for hypermedia courseware. Educational Technology & Society, 6(2), 31-44. Evans, C., & Edwards, M. (1999). Navigational interface design for multimedia courseware. Journal of Education Multimedia and Hypermedia, 8(2) 151-174. Evans, J.R. & Haase, I.M., (2001), ‘Online business education in the twenty-first century: an analysis of potential target markets’, Internet Research: Networking Applications and Policy, vol.11, no.3, pp.246-260. Feldstein, M. (2002). What is “usable” e-learning? ACM eLearn Magazine, 2002(9). Feldstein, M., & Neal, L. (2006). Designing usable, self-paced e-learning courses: a practical guide eLearn Magazine 2006(8), 1. Fleming, M., & Levie, W. H. (1993). Instructional message design (2nd ed.). New York: Educational Technology Publications. Folch-Lyon, E., & Trost, J. F. (1981). Conducting focus group sessions.Studies in family planning, 443-449. Freire A. P., Carlos S., Paiva D. M. B., and Turine M. A. S., (2007). “Using Screen Readers to Reinforce Web Accessibility Education,” pp. 82–86. Friedman, B., Kahn, P.H., Jr., & Howe, D.C. (2000). Trust online, ACM Communications, 43: 34–40 Fry, K., (2000), ‘Forum focus and Overview’, The business of E-learning: Bringing your organization in the knowledge Economy, Telcam Group, University of Technology, Sydney. Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2003). Educational research: An introduction 7th. ed.). Boston, MA: A & B Publications. Gardner-Bonneau, D. (2010). Is Technology Becoming More Usable-or Less-and With What Consequences. Journal of Usability Studies, 5(2), 46-49. Garnham, C., & Kaleta, R. (2002). Introduction to hybrid courses. Teaching with Technology Today, 8(6). Georgieva, A. (2012). Mathematical Over XML Family of Technologies.Boundary Field Problems & Computer Simulation, 51. Geri, N. (2012). The resonance factor: Probing the impact of video on student retention in distance learning. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects, 8(1), 1-13. GhalibAI-Masoudi, M. A. (2010). "Usability Satisfaction of Open Source eLearning Courseware Websites." Journal of Information Science & Technology 7(2). Ghosh, S., & Das, A. K. (2007). Open Access and Institutional Repositories—A Developing Country Perspective: a case study of India. IFLA journal, 33(3), 229-250. Gooren-Sieber, S. (2014). Information Management for Digital Learners: Introduction, Challenges, and Concepts of Personal Information Management for Individual Learners (Vol. 14). University of Bamberg Press. Gowases T., Bednarik R., and Tukiainen M., (2011). “Text highlighting improves user experience for reading with magnified displays,” Proc. 2011 Annu. Conf. Ext. Abstr. Hum. Factors Comput. Syst., pp. 1891–1896. Groff, J., & Mouza, C. (2008). A framework for addressing challenges to classroom technology use. AACe Journal, 16(1), 21-46. Grooms, L.D., (2003), ‘Computer-Mediated Communication: A Vehicle for Learning’, International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, vol.4, no.2. Grützner, I. , Pfahl, D. & Ruhe, G. (2002). Sistematic Courseware Development Using an integrated Engineering Style Method. In Proceedings of the World Congress Networked Learning in a Global Environment: challenges and solutions for virtual education. Technical University of Berlin, Germany Grützner, I., Angkasaputra, N., & Pfahl, D. (2002). A Systematic Approach to Produce Small Courseware Modules for Combined Learning and Knowledge Management Environment. In Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (SEKE), Italy, pp. 533-539 Grützner, I., Weibelzhal, S., & Waterson, P. (2004). Improving Courseware Quality through Life-cycle Encompassing Quality Assurance. In Proceedings of the 2004 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, Cyprus, pp.946-951 Haigh, J., (2004), ‘Information technology in health professional education: why IT matters’, Nurse Education Today, vol.2004, no.24, pp.547-552. Hair J.F., Jr, Black W.C., Babin B.J., Anderson R.E. & Tatham R.L. (2006) Multivariate Data Analysis, 6th edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–151. Halimah, B.Z, Norhayati, A.M., Nor Azan, M.Z, Tengku Mohd, T.S., Mohamad Yusoff, & Munir, (2000). Motivating literacy through MEL: A multimedia in education for literacy courseware. New Review of Children’s Literature and Librarianship 2001. London: Taylor Graham. Halimah, B.Z. (2007).Achieving teaching and learning excellence through virtual reality laboratory (VLab-C): Malaysia experience. In Proceedings of International Conference on Teaching and Learning for Excellence. Tamkam University, Taiwan Hall, R. H., Philpot, T. A., Oglesby, D. B., Flori, R., Hubing, N., Watkins, S. E., & Yellamraju, V. (2002, June). A model for the evaluation of innovative engineering courseware: Engineering an assessment program. In Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education. Hameed O., Iqbal J., Naseem B., Anwar O., and Afzal S., (2006). “Assistive technologybased navigation aid for the visually impaired,” Proc. 2006 Int. Symp. Pract. Cogn. agents Robot. - PCAR ’06, p. 192. Hamid, A.A., (2002), ‘e-Learning-Is it the “e” or the learning that matters’, Internet and Higher Education, vol.4, pp.311-316. Han, O. B., Halim, N. D. B. A., Shariffuddin, R. S. B., & Abdullah, Z. B. (2013). Computer Based Courseware in Learning Mathematics: Potentials and Constrains. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 238-244. Hara, N., & Kling, R. (2001). Student distress in web-based distance education. Educause Quarterly, 3, 68-69. Hardin, J. and A. Cañero (2010). "Faculty and Student Perspectives Toward Open Courseware, and Open Access Publishing: Some Comparisons Between European and North American Populations." Harrel, M.C., & Bradley, M. A. (2009). Data collection methods semi structured interviews and focus groups. United States: RAND Corporation. Harrower, M., & Sheesley, B. (2005). Designing better map interfaces: A framework for panning and zooming. Transactions in GIS, 9(2), 77-89. Hartley, J. (1985). Designing instructional text (2nd ed.). New York: Nichols. Hartmann, B., Klemmer, S. R., Bernstein, M., Abdulla, L., Burr, B., Robinson-Mosher, A., & Gee, J. (2006). Reflective physical prototyping through integrated design, test, and analysis. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology. Hartson, H. R., Andre, T. S., & Williges, R. C. (2003). Criteria for evaluating usability evaluation methods. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 15(1), 145–181. doi:10.1.1.136.9688 Hassanien, A. (2006). Using Webquest to support learning with technology in higher education. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 5(1), 41-49. Hau, K. T., & Marsh, H. W. (2004). The use of item parcels in structural equation modelling: Non‐normal data and small sample sizes. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 57(2), 327-351. Hean, S., Craddock, D., & O’Halloran, C. (2009). Learning Theories and Interprofessional Education: A User’s Guide. Learning in Health and Social Care, 8(4), 250–262. doi:10.1111/j.1473-6861.2009.00227.x Heinich, R., Molenda, M., & Russell, J. D. (1993). Instructional media: The new technologies of instruction (4th Ed.). USA: Macmillan Publishing Company. Hidi, S. (2006). "Interest: A unique motivational variable." Educational Research Review 1(2): 69-82. Hidi, S., & Anderson, V. (1992). Situational interest and its impact on reading and expository writing. The role of interest in learning and development, 215-238. Hidi, S., Renninger, K. A., & Krapp, A. (2004). Interest, a motivational variable that combines affective and cognitive functioning. Motivation, emotion, and cognition: Integrative perspectives on intellectual functioning and development, 89-115. Hiltz, S.R. (1997), ‘Impacts of college level courses via Asynchronous Learning Networks: Some Preliminary Results’, Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, vol.1, no.2, pp.1-18. Hoic-Bozic, N., Mornar, V., & Boticki, I. (2009). A blended learning approach to course design and implementation. Education, IEEE Transactions on, 52(1), 19-30. Holzinger, A. (2005). Usability engineering methods for software developers. Communications of the ACM, 48(1), 71-74. Honey, P., (2001), ‘E-learning: a performance appraisal and some suggestions for improvement’, The Learning Organization, vol.8, no.5, pp.200-202. Hong, K. S. (2002). Relationships between students’ and instructional variables with satisfaction and learning from a Web-based course. Internet and Higher Education, 5, 267–281 Horianopoulos, K., & Giannakos, M. N. (2013). Usability design for video lectures. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 11th european conference on Interactive TV and video. Hou, R., Qi, G., Ou, H., Zhang, B., Jin, C., & Han, P. (2014). Study on Man-Machine Interface Multimedia PowerPoint Designing. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering. Hubbard, P. (2013). An integrated framework for CALL courseware evaluation.CALICO journal, 6(2), 51-72. Iacono, J., Brown, A., & Holtham, C. (2010). The use of the Case Study Method in Theory Testing: The Example of Steel eMarketplaces. InProceedings of the 9th European Conference on Research Methods in Business and Management (p. 202). Academic Conferences Limited. ISO 9241-11. (1998). Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) -- Part 11: Guidance on usability: International Organization for Standardization. ISO/IEC 9126-1, (2001): Software engineering - Product quality -Part 1: Quality model. Jaafar, A. (2008). "Malaysian smart school courseware usability study: the effectiveness of analytical evaluation technique compared to empirical study." WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications 5(4): 342-348. James-Gordon, Y., Young, A. & Bal, J., (2003), ‘External environment forces affecting e-learning provider’, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, vol.21, no.3, pp. 168-172. Jeffels, P. (2011). "Usability, in relation to e-learning projects." Jeng, J. (2013). "What is usability in the context of the digital library and how can it be measured." Information technology and libraries 24(2): 47-56. Jeon, J., Jang, H., Lim, S. B., & Choy, Y. C. (2010). A sketch interface to empower novices to create 3D animations. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 21(3‐4), 423-432. Johnson, J. & Henderson, A. (2002). Conceptual model: Begin by designing what to design. Interactions Jan/Feb. 25-32. Johnstone, S. M. (2005). Open educational resources serve the world. Educause Quarterly, 28(3), 15. Jolly, S. (2003). Studying the Effectiveness of Animation and Graphics with Text on Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Graders. University of Nebraska. Jonassen, D. H. (1988). Designing structured hypertext and structuring access to hypertext. Educational Technology, 28(11), 13–16. Jonassen, D. H. (2013). First principles of learning. Learning, problem solving and mindtools: Essays in honor of David H. Jonassen, 287-297. Jonassen, D. H., & Grabinger, R. S. (1990). Problems and issues in designing hypertext/hypermedia for learning. In D. H. Jonassen & H. Mandl (Eds.), Designing hypermedia for learning. (pp. 3-25). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. NY: Spinger-Verlag Jonassen, D. H., Beissner, K., & Yacci, M. (2013). Structural knowledge: Techniques for representing, conveying, and acquiring structural knowledge. Routledge. Jonassen, D. H., Grabinger, R. S., & Harris, N. D. C. (1990). Analyzing and selecting instructional strategies and tactics. Performance improvement quarterly, 3(2), 29-47. Kabari, L., & Ukpong, U. (2012). Creating an effective E-learning environment for Nigerian Polytechnic Educational System. Paper presented at the Adaptive Science & Technology (ICAST), 2012 IEEE 4th International Conference on. Kajornboon, A. B. (2005). Using interviews as research instruments. e-Journal for Researching Teachers, 2(1), 1–452. Retrieved from http://www.culi.chula.ac.th/research/publications/4 Research and Academic Karlin, S., & Altschul, S. F. (1990). Methods for assessing the statistical significance of molecular sequence features by using general scoring schemes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 87(6), 2264-2268. Kathawala, Y., Abdou, K. & Elmulti, D.S., (2003), ‘The global MBA: a comparative assessment for its future’, Journal of European Industrial Training, vol.26, no.1, pp.14-23. Kaur, R., & Sengupta, J. (2013). Software process models and analysis on failure of software development projects. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1306. 1068. Kay, J. (2001). Learner control. User modeling and user-adapted interaction, 11(1-2), 111-127. Kaye, B. K. (2007). Web site story: An exploratory study of blog use motivations. In M. Tremayne (Ed.), Blogging, citizenship, and the future of media (pp. 127–148). New York: Routledge. Kearsley, G., (2000), ‘Teaching & Learning in Cyberspace’, [online assessed 13 May 2013]. URL:http://home.sprynet.com/~gkearsley/chapts.htm Keller, J. (2000). How to integrate learner motivation planning into lesson planning: The ARCS model approach. ViII Semanario Santiago: Running head: Integrating Motivation. Retrieved from Keller, Kevin Lane (1989). Strategic Brand Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Kettanurak, V. (Nui), Ramamurthy, K., & Haseman, W. D. (2001). User attitude as a mediator of learning performance improvement in an interactive multimedia environment: an empirical investigation of the degree of interactivity and learning styles. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 54(4), 541–583. doi:10.1006/ijhc.2001.0457 Khlaisang, J. (2010). "Proposed Models of Appropriate Website and Courseware for ELearning in Higher Education: Research Based Design Models." Online Submission. Kidney, G., Cummings, L., & Boehm, A. (2014). Toward a quality assurance approach to e-learning courses. Kiewra, K. A., Kauffman, D. F., Robinson, D. H., DuBois, N. F., & Staley, R. K. (1999). Supplementing floundering text with adjunct displays. Instructional Science, 27, 373–401. Kitzinger, J. (1995). Qualitative research: introducing focus groups. Bmj,311(7000), 299-302. Klett, F. (2000). “Hypermedia and the Communication Aims in Engineering Learning Environments”, Proc. of the UEF and IEEE Interdisciplinary Conference Electrical, Electronics & Computer Engineering Education in the Third Millennium, Davos. Klett, F. (2001). A design framework for interaction in 3D real-time learning environments. Advanced Learning Technologies, 2001. Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on, IEEE. Klett, F., 2002. Visual Communication in Web-based Learning Environments, Educational Technology & Society 5(4), 38 - 48. Kobbenes, H. and K. Folkman (2011). "E-learning and usability: integrating the use and user dimension." Koohang, A. (2009). A learner-centred model for blended learning design. International Journal of innovation and learning, 6(1), 76-91. Koohang, A., & Paliszkiewicz, J. (2014). Empirical Validation of an Learning Courseware Usability Model. Issues in Information Systems, 15(2). Kozma, R. (2003). "The material features of multiple representations and their cognitive and social affordances for science understanding." Learning and Instruction 13(2): 205-226. Kozma, R. B. (2003). Technology and classroom practices: An international study. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 36(1), 1-14. Kozma, R. B., & Voogt, J. (2003). Technology, innovation, and educational change: A global perspective (Report of the Second Information Technology in Education Study, Module 2). Eugene, OR: International Society for Technology in Education. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educ Psychol Meas. Krug, S. (2006). Don't make me think: A common sense approach to Web usability. Berkeley, CA: New Riders Publishing. Kruse, K. (2002). E-learning and the neglect of user interface design. E-Learning Guru. Kruse, K. (2002). The benefits and drawbacks of e-learning. Retrieved April 10, 2013, from http:/e-learningguru.com Kühnel, C., Westermann, T., Weiss, B., & Möller, S. (2010, October). Evaluating multimodal systems: a comparison of established questionnaires and interaction parameters. In Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries (pp. 286-294). ACM. Kuo, T. C., Chen, H. R., Hwang, W. Y., & Chen, N. S. (2015). The Factors and Impacts of Large-Scale Digital Content Accreditations. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 18(3), 29-48. Laurillard, D. (1993) Rethinking University Teaching a Framework for the Effective Use of Educational Technology. Routledge. London. Lazar, J., Jones, A., Hackley, M., & Shneiderman, B. (2005). Severity and Impact of Computer User Frustration: A Comparison of Student and Workplace Users (2002). Lee, C. S. & Al-Hawamdeh, S., (2001), ‘New Mode of course delivery for Virtual Classroom’, Aslib Proceedings, vol.53, no.6, pp.238-242 Lee, Y.-H., Hsieh, Y.-C., & Chen, Y.-H. (2013). An investigation of employees' use of elearning systems: applying the technology acceptance model. Behaviour & Information Technology, 32(2), 173-189. Lentini, A. (2008). Play as Informal Learning: Curiosity and Meaning Making in the Rice Boat at a Museum (p. 10). Ann Arbor, United States: UMI Dissertations Publishing. Levy, S., (2003), ‘Six factors to Consider when planning Online Distance Learning Programs in Higher Education’, Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, vol.6, no.1. Levy, Y. (2007). Comparing dropouts and persistence in e-learning courses. Computers & Education, 48(2), 185-204. Lewis, L., Snow, K., Farris, E., & Levin, D. (1997). Distance Education at Postsecondary Education Institutions: 1997-98 (NCES 2000-013). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. Lewis, M. W. (1998). Iterative triangulation: a theory development process using existing case studies. Journal of Operations Management, 16(4), 455-469. Li, Y. C. (2014). An Autonomous Learning Multimedia Courseware Design. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 530, 851-854. Liaw, S. & Huang, H. (2002). How web technology can facilitate learning. Information system management, Winter 2002. Liaw, S. S. (2008). Investigating students’ perceived satisfaction, behavioral intention, and effectiveness of e-learning: A case study of the Blackboard system. Computers & Education, 51(2), 864-873. Lohr, L. L. (2000). Designing the instructional interface. Computers in Human Behavior, 16, 161–182 Loman, N. L., & Mayer, R. E. (1983). Signaling techniques that increase the understandability of expository prose. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 402–412. Loman, N. L., & Mayer, R. E. (1983). Signaling techniques that increase the understandability of expository prose. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 402–412. Lorch, R. F. (1989). Text-signaling devices and their effects on reading and memory processes. Educational Psychology Review, 1, 209–234. Lorch, R. F., & Lorch, E. P. (1995). Effects of organizational signals on text-processing strategies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 537–544. Lorch, R. F., JR. (1989). Text-signaling devices and their effects on reading and memory processes. Educational Psychology Review, 1, 209–234. Lorch, R. F., JR., & Lorch, E. P. (1985). Topic structure representation and text recall. Journal of Educational Psychology, 77, 137–148. Lorch, R. F., JR., & Lorch, E. P. (1995). Effects of organizational signals on text processing strategies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 537–544 Lorch, R. F., JR., & Lorch, E. P. (1996). Effects of organizational signals on free recall of expository text. Journal of Educational Psychology, 88, 38–48. Lorch, R. F., JR., Lorch, E. P., & Inman, W. E. (1993). Effects of signaling topic structure on text recall. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 281–290. Loyens, Sofie M M, Rikers, R. M. J. P., & Schmidt, H. G. (2007). Students’ Conceptions of Distinct Constructivist Assumptions. European Journal of Psychology of Education, XXII(2), 179–199. Loyens, Sofie M. M., & Gijbels, D. (2008). Understanding the Effects of Constructivist Learning Environments: Introducing A Multi-directional Approach. Instructional Science, 36(5-6), 351–357. doi:10.1007/s11251-008-9059-4 Lytras, M.D., Pouloudi, A. & Poulymenakou, A., (2002), ‘Knowledge management convergence – expanding learning frontiers’, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol.6, no.1, pp.40-51. 50. Materi, R.R Mackey, T. P., & Ho, J. (2008). Exploring the relationships between Web usability and students' perceived learning in Web based multimedia (WBMM) tutorials. Computers & Education, 50, 386-409. Macleod, M.; Bowden, R.; Bevan, N.; Curson, I.; (1997): The MUSiC performance method, Behaviour and Information Technology 16 , pp. 279-293. Madan, A., & Dubey, S. K. (2012). Usability evaluation methods: a literature review. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 4(2), 590-599. Magdalena Georgieva, (2012). “The Key Components of a User-Friendly Website Navigation”. http://blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/33536/ The-Key-Components-of-a-User-Friendly-Website-Navigation.aspx access on 21/03/2015 Malaysian Department of Social Welfare. (2013). Disability. Retrieved from http://www.jkm.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content& view=article&id=363:a-Pendaftaran&Itemid=&lang=en. Retrieved 20.05.2014. Marchionini, G. (1990). Evaluating hypermedia-based learning. In Designing hypermedia for learning (pp. 355-373). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Marcus, B. (2009). ‘Faking’From the Applicant's Perspective: A theory of self‐presentation in personnel selection settings. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 17(4), 417-430. Martinez, M. (2003, July 14). High attrition rate in e-learning: Challenges, predictors, and solutions. The eLearning Developers Journal, 1-7. Martins, A. I., Queirós, A., Silva, A. G., & Rocha, N. P. (2014). Usability Evaluation Methods: A Systematic Review. Human Factors in Software Development and Design, 250. Masura, R. and M. Madihah (2007). E-Leaming assessment application based on Bloom’s taxonomy. Proceedings of The 14 International Conference on Learning, Johannesburg, South Africa. Materi, R.R. & Fahy, P.J., (2004), ‘Interim Report: A case study of Internet-based Distance Education Program Development in Vietnam’, International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, vol.5, no.1. Mates, B.T., & Booth, C. (2012). Information power to all patrons. Library Technology Report, 48(7), 7–13. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/ ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&sid=8f418f3ad9f1- 4b5f-9e7b-1a84913528f0%40sessionmgr4&hid=121. Retrieved 20.05.2014. Matsubara, Y., & Nagamachi, M. (1996, January). Motivation system and human model for intelligent tutoring. In Intelligent Tutoring Systems (pp. 139-147). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Mayer, A., (2011). "Apparatus, system, and method of efficiently utilizing hardware resources for a software test." U.S. Patent 7,886,195. Mayer, R. E. (2003). The Promise of Multimedia Learning: using The Same Instructional Design Methods across Different Media. Learning and Instruction, 13(2), 125–139. doi:10.1016/S0959-4752(02)00016-6 Mayer, R. E. (2005). Introduction to multimedia learning. The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning, 1-16. Mayer, R. E. (2005). Principles for reducing extraneous processing in multimedia learning: Coherence, signaling, redundancy, spatial contiguity, and temporal contiguity principles. In R. E. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning (pp. 183–200). Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. Mayer, R. E. (2009). Multimedia learning (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. Mayer, R. E. (2011). Applying science of learning. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Mayer, R. E. and R. Moreno (2003). "Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning." Educational psychologist 38(1): 43-52. Mayer, R. E., Dyck, L. K., & Cook, J. L. (1984). Techniques that help readers build mental models from scientific text: Definitions pretraining and signaling. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1089–1105. Mayhew T.M., (1992) A review of recent advances in stereology for quantifying neural structure. Journal of Neurocytology 21, 313-328. McAleavy G., & McCrystral P., (1996), ‘Virtual conferencing as a tool for the development of pedagogical competence for vocational educators’, International Journal of Education Management, vol.10, no.3, p.30-35. Mcateer, E., & Shaw, R. (1995). The Design of Multimedia Learning Programs, University of Glasgow: McCleskey, J. (2009). Five e-learning design strategies that keep learners coming back for more. Learning Solutions Magazine (electronic version). Retrieved from http://www.learningsolutionsmag.com/ authors/133/joe-mccleskey. McDonald, S., & Stevenson, R. (1999). Spatial versus conceptual maps as learning tools in hypertext. Journal of Educational Media and Hypermedia, 8(1) 43-64. McDowell, M., & Twal, R. (2009). Integrating amazon kindle: A Seton Hall University pilot program. <http://www.educause.edu/Resources/Integrating AmazonKindleASetonH/163808> Retrieved 20.05.2014. McKnight, M., (2000), ‘Distance Education: Expressing emotions in video-based classes.’ In Conference on College Composition And Communication, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. McMillan, J. (2005). Course change and attrition from higher education. LSAY Research Reports, 43. McNamara, C. (2009). General guidelines for conducting interviews. Retrieved 11/05/2013, from http://managementhelp.org/evaluatn/intrview.htm Means, B., Penuel, W. R., & Padilla, C. (2001). The Connected School: Technology and Learning in High School, ERIC. Meyen, E. L., Aust, R. J., Bui, Y. N., Ramp, E., & Smith, S. J. (2002). The online academy formative evaluation approach to evaluating online instruction. The Internet and Higher Education, 5(2), 89-108. Meyer, B. J. F. (1975). The organization of prose and its effects on memory. New York: Elsevier. Meyer, B. J. F. (1984). Text dimensions and cognitive processing. In H. Mandl, N. L. Stein, & T. Trabasso (Eds.), Learning and comprehension of text. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Meyer, B. J. F., & Rice, E. (1982). The interaction of reader strategies and the organization of text. Text, 2, 155–192. ab02$$0906 06-11-96 22:17:28 cepa A Meyer, B. J. F., & Rice, E. (1989). Prose processing in adulthood: The text, the reader and the task. In L. W. Poon, D. C. Rubin, & B. A. Wilson (Eds.), Everyday cognition in adult and later life (pp. 157–194). New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. Meyer, B. J. F., Brandt, D. H., & Bluth, G. J. (1980). Use of top-level structure in text: Key for reading comprehension of ninth-grade students. Reading Research Quarterly, 16, 72–103 Meyer, B. J. F., Young, C. J., & Bartlett, B. J. (1989). Memory improved: Reading and memory enhancement across the life span through strategic text structures. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Meyer, K. A. (2003). Face-to-face versus threaded discussions: The role of time and higher-order thinking. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 7(3), 55–65. Miller, C., & Bartlett, J. (2012). 'Digital fluency': towards young people's critical use of the internet. Journal of Information Literacy, 6(2), 35-55. Miller, M. J. (2005). Usability in e-learning. Learning circuits, 48. Mohid, S. Z., & Zin, N. A. M. (2010, June). Courseware accessibility for hearing impaired. In Information Technology (ITSim), 2010 International Symposium in (Vol. 1, pp. 1-5). IEEE. Moody, J. (2004). Distance education: Why are the attrition rates so high? The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 5(3), 205-210. Moore, G. A. (1999). Crossing the chasm: Marketing and selling high-tech products to mainstream Moore, J. C. (2005). The sloan consortium quality framework and the five pillars. Newburyport, MA: Sloan Consortium. Retrieved April 24, 2013, from. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/books/quality framework.pdf Moreale, E., & Vargas-Vera, M. (2004). Semantic services in e-learning: an argumentation case study. Educational Technology & Society, 7(4), 112-128. Moreno, R., & Mayer, R. (2007). Interactive multimodal learning environments. Educational Psychology Review, 19(3), 309-326. Morgan, D. L. (1996). Focus groups. Annual Review of Sociology, 22, 129–152. Morris, J. M., Owen G. S., & Fraser, M. D. (1994). Practical Issues in Multimedia User Interface Design for Computer-Based Instruction. In Resman, S. (Ed.) Multimedia Computing: Preparing for the 21st Century, London: Idea Group Publishing, 225-284. Moscardo, G. (1996). Mindful visitors: Heritage and tourism. Annals of tourism research, 23(2), 376-397. Mugny, G., & Doise, W. (1978). Socio-Cognitive Conflict and Structure of Individual and Collective Performances. European Journal of Social Psychology, 8, 181–192. Mutalib, A. A., & Maarof, F. (2010). Guidelines of assistive courseware (AC) for hearing impaired students. Mental, 43, 49-340. Myers, J. L., & Well, A. D. (1991). Research design & statistical analysis. New York: Harper Collins Publishers. Nabi, R. L. and M. Krcmar (2004). "Conceptualizing media enjoyment as attitude: Implications for mass media effects research." Communication Theory 14(4): 288-310. Nahm, E.-S. (2005). Development and testing usability of theory-based, hip fracture prevention online learning modules. Geriatric Nursing, 26(6), 352-353. Nash, R. (2005, Winter). Course completion rates among distance learners: Identifying possible methods to improve retention. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 8(4). Retrieved 17 April, 2013, from http://www.westga.edu/%7Edistance/ojdla/winter 84/nash84.htm Naumann, J., Richter, T., Flender, J., Cristmann, U., & Groeben, N. (2007). Signaling in expository hypertexts compensates for deficits in reading skill. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 791–807. Neal, L., & Miller, D. (2005). The basics of e-learning: an excerpt from handbook of human factors in web design. eLearn, 2005(8), 2. Nielsen, J. (1992). The usability engineering life cycle. Computer, 25(3), 12-22. Nielsen, J. (1994). Usability inspection methods. Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems, ACM. Nielsen, J. (1997). Search and you may find. Alertbox.[http://www.nngroup.com/articles/]. Accessed on 3rd May, 2014. Nielsen, J. (2002). Flash: 99% bad. Retrieved from http://useit.com/alertbox/20001029.html. Accessed on 3rd May, 2014. Nielsen, J. (2003). Usability 101: Introduction to usability. Nielsen, J. (2012). Mobile Sites vs. Apps: The Coming Strategy Shift. http://www.useit.com/alertbox/mobile-sites-apps. html (retrieved 14 April 2013). Nielsen, J. and K. Pernice (2001). Beyond ALT Text: Making the web easy to use for users with disabilities. Nielsen, J., & Mack, R. L., (1994), Usability inspection methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Nielsen, J., Usability Engineering, Academic Press Limited, London, 1993. Nielsen, J., & Phillips, V. L. (1993, May). Estimating the relative usability of two interfaces: heuristic, formal, and empirical methods compared. In Proceedings of the INTERACT'93 and CHI'93 conference on Human factors in computing systems (pp. 214-221). ACM. Nilsson, S. & Johansson, B. (2007). Fun and Usable: Augmented Reality Instructions in a hospital setting. In Proceeding of OzCHI2007, 123-130, Adelaide, Austraila; ACM. Nohayati, A.M., Dayana, R., Mohd. Fadzil, R., Halimah, B.Z., Azlina, A., (2005). Hybrid Learning and Online Collaborative Enhance Students’ Performance. In Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies. 481 – 483: Taiwan. Nokelainen, P. (2006). An empirical assessment of pedagogical usability criteria for digital learning material with elementary school students. Educational Technology & Society, 9(2), 178-197. Noordin, S. and W. F. W. Ahmad (2010). Implementation of design and learning theories in multimedia courseware development: Lines & Planes in 3-Dimensions. User Science and Engineering (i-USEr), 2010 International Conference on, IEEE. Norfarhana Abdollah, Wan Fatimah Wan Ahmad, and Emilia Akashah. Application of Learning Theories in Designing of a Multimedia Courseware to Stimulate Learning among Slow Learners. -in 3rd International Malaysia Educational Technology Convention. 2009. Batu Ferringhi, Penang, Malaysia. Norfarhana, A., Wan Fatimah, W.A., & Emelia Akashah, P. A. (2012). Development and usability study of multimedia courseware for slow learners: “Komputer Saya”. 2012 International Conference on Computer & Information Science (ICCIS), 1110–1114. doi:10.1109/ICCISci.2012.6297192. Norhayati.A.M. (1999). Perisian Pengrangan Petaling Jaya: Prentice Hall. Norman, D. (1988). The design of everyday things. New York. Doubleday-Currency. Norman, D. (2004). Emotional design. New York: Basic Books Norshuhada, S., Shahizan, H., Syamsul, B. Z., Zakirah, O., Ariffin, A. M., Asmidah, A.,... & Ruslizaam, D. (2004). eInformation Centre (eInfoC): A Model for Publishing and Marketing UUM ePublications. Research report, UUM. Notess, M. (2001). Usability, user experience, and learner experience. eLearn, 2001(8), 3. Nur Hazwani Mohamad Roseli, Nurulnadwan Aziz and Ariffin Abdul Mutalib (2010). The Enhancement of Assistive Courseware for Visually Impaired Learners, 4th International Symposium on Information Technology, Proceeding 2010 Volume 1, 467-472 Nurulnadwan A., Ariffin A. M., and Siti Mahfuzah S., (2014). “Critical analysis in proposing a conceptual design model of assistive courseware for low vision (AC4LV) learners,” Int. J. Comput. Appl., vol. 92, no. 10, pp. 18–25. Nurulnadwan A., Nur Hazwani M. R., and Ariffin A. M., (2011). “Visually impaired children‟s acceptances on assistive courseware,” Am. J. Appl. Sci., vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1019–1026. Nurulnadwan, A., Ariffin, A. M., Mohd Saifullizam, J., & Siti Mahfuzah, S. (2014). A Comparative Analysis on Conceptual Design Model of Assistive Courseware (AC) for Visually-Impaired Learners (AC4VI). Australian Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 8(4). pp. 75–80. Ojeaga, I. J., & Igbinedion, V. I. (2012). Potentials of E-learning as a Study Tool in Business Education in Nigerian Schools. International Education Studies, 5(5), p218. Okebukola, P. (2013). The Changing Landscape of Open and Distance Learning and the Impact of Emerging Technologies. Okonkwo, C. (2012). "Assessment of challenges in developing self-instructional course materials at the National Open University of Nigeria." International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 13(2): 221-231. Olasina, G. (2013). Factors Motivating and Impeding Courseware Development in Nigeria. Paper presented at the Conference and Programme Chairs. Oliver, R., & Herrington, J. (1995). Making the most of the media in multimedia. Oppenheim, A. N. (1983). Questionnaires design and attitude measurement. London: Biddles Ltd. Osman, S., Sahari, N., & Zin, N. A. M. (2012). Development of Interactive Multimedia Courseware (e-CRAFT) for Craft Education. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education (TOJDE), 13(4). Othman, A., Pislaru, C., & Impes, A. (2014). Improving the quality of technologyenhanced learning for computer programming courses. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 4(1), 83-88. Owen, G. S., & Fraser, M. D. (1993). Practical issues in multimedia user interface design for computer-based instruction. Multimedia computing: preparing for the 21st century, 225. Oztekin, A., Kong, Z. J., & Uysal, O. (2010). UseLearn: A novel checklist and usability evaluation method for eLearning systems by criticality metric analysis. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 40(4), 455-469. Pachnowski, L.M & Jurczyk, J.P., (2003), ‘Perceptions of Faculty on the Effect of Distance Learning Technology on Faculty Preparation Time’, Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, vol.6, no.3. Padmanabhuni, S. (2008). Learning services. Retrieved from http://www.infosysblogs.com/learning services/2008/11/learning_10_vs_learning_20.html Pan, B., Gay, G., Saylor, J., Hembrooke, H., & Henderson, D. (2004). Usability, learning, and subjective experience: user evaluation of K-MODDL in an undergraduate class. Paper presented at the 4th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Paquette, G. (2014). Technology-Based Instructional Design: Evolution and Major Trends. Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology, Springer: 661-671. Pathak, A., & Intratat, C. (2012). Use of semi-structured interviews to investigate teacher perceptions of student collaboration. Malaysian Journal of ELT Research, 8(1), 1–10. Retrieved from http://www.melta.org.my/majer/ParthakA.pdf Patton, M. Q. (1999). "Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis." Health services research 34(5 Pt 2): 1189. Patton, M. Q. (2008). "State of the art in measuring development assistance." Address to the World Bank Independent Evaluation Group 10. Pavolka, R., Mount, V., Neymeyr, A., & Rhodes, C. (2005, November 6-9). From waterfall to rapid prototyping: Supporting enterprise-wide adoption of the oncourse collaboration and learning (CL) environment at Indiana University. Paper presented at the SIGUCCS'05, Monterey, California, USA. Pearson, E. J. and T. Koppi (2002). "Inclusion and online learning opportunities: designing for accessibility." Research in Learning Technology 10(2). Pease, K. (2013). Integrating a Lighting System With Objective Light Movement. Penuel, W. R., Kim, D. Y., Michalchik, V., Lewis, S., Means, B., Murphy, R., ... & Allen, J. E. (2002). Using technology to enhance connections between home and school: A research synthesis. Washington, DC: Planning and Evaluation Service, US Department of Education, DHHS Contract, 282-00. Pereria, J. R., Pleguezuelos, E., Men, A., Molina-Ros, A., Molina-Tomas, M. C., & Masdeu, C. (2007). Effectiveness of using blended learning strategies for teaching and learning human anatomy. Medical Education, 41(2), 189-195. Pernice, K., & Nielsen, J. (2001). Beyond ALT text: Making the web easy to use for users with disabilities. Nielsen Norman Group, Tech. Rep. Phang, J., (2004), ‘Impact of ICT innovations: The Islamic Context’, The Star In Tech, 8 April., p.18. Phellas, C. N., Bloch, A., & Seale, C. (2011). Structured methods: Interviews, questionnaires, and observation. In C. Seale (Ed.), Researching Society and Culture (3rd Editio., pp. 181–205). United Kingdom: SAGE Publications Ltd. Philips, L. A., Calantone, R., & Lee, M.T., (1994). International Technology Adoption: Behavior Structure, Demand Certainty and Culture. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 9(2), 16-28. Piccoli, G., Ahmad, R., & Ives, B. (2001). Web-based virtual learning environments: a research framework and a preliminary assessment of effectiveness in basic IT skill training. MIS Quarterly, 25(4), 401–426. Pierrakeas, C., Xenos, M., Panagiotakopoulos, C. & Vergidis, D., (2004), ‘A Comparative Study of Dropout Rates and Causes for Two Different Distance Education Courses’, International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, vol.5, no.2. Pind, J. (1998). Advances in dyslexia research. Trends in Cognitive Science, 2(1), 1-2. Pituch, K. A., & Lee, Y. K. (2006). The influence of system characteristics on e-learning use. Computers & Education, 47, 222–244. Plass, J. L., Chun, D. M., Mayer, R. E., & Leutner, D. (1998). Supporting visual and verbal learning preferences in a second language multimedia learning environment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 25±36. Plass, J. L., Moreno, R., & Brünken, R. (Eds.). (2010). Cognitive load theory. Cambridge University Press. Preece J, Rogers Y, Sharp H, Benyon D, Holland S, Carey T. (1994), Human–computer interaction. Wokingham, UK Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Preece, J. (1993). Hypermedia, Multimedia and Human Factors. In Latchem, C., Williamson, J., & Henderson Lancett, L. (Eds.) Interactive Multimedia, London: Kogan Page, 135-149. Preece, J., Rogers, Y., & Sharp, H. (2007). Interaction design: Beyond human computer interaction (2nd Editio.). England: John Wiley & Sons. Pugh, K. J., Linnenbrink‐Garcia, L., Koskey, K. L., Stewart, V. C., & Manzey, C. (2010). Motivation, learning, and transformative experience: A study of deep engagement in science. Science Education, 94(1), 1-28. Putnam, A. and L. Leach (2010). "Contextual Teaching with Computer-Assisted Instruction." Online Journal for Workforce Education and Development 1(1): 5. Rahmat, M., & Saudi, M. M. (2008). E-Learning Assessment Application Based on Bloom Taxonomy. International Journal of Learning, 14(9). Ramli, R. and H. B. Zaman (2011). Designing usability evaluation methodology framework of Augmented Reality basic reading courseware (AR BACA SindD) for Down Syndrome learner. Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI), 2011 International Conference on, IEEE. Rapley, T. J. (2001). The art (fulness) of open-ended interviewing: Some considerations on analysing interviews. Qualitative Research, 1(3), 303–323. doi:10.1177/146879410100100303. Rasheed, F. (2007). Factors impeding implementation of web-based distance learning. AACE Journal, 15(3), 315-338. Rasoolzadegan, A. & A. Abdollahzadeh (2011). "Empirical evaluation of modeling languages using multi-lift system case study." Proceedings of MSV 11. Regan, M. and S. Sheppard (1996). "Interactive Multimedia Courseware and the Hands‐on Learning Experience: An Assessment Study." Journal of Engineering Education 85(2): 123-132. Reisman, S. (Ed.). (1993). Multimedia computing: preparing for the 21st century. IGI Global. Renninger, A., Hidi, S., & Krapp, A. (Eds.). (2014). The role of interest in learning and development. Psychology Press. Rentroia-Bonito, M. A., & Jorge, J. A. P. (2003, January). An integrated courseware usability evaluation method. In Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems (pp. 208-214). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Robinson, A. C., Kerski, J., Long, E. C., Luo, H., DiBiase, D., & Lee, A. (2015). Maps and the geospatial revolution: teaching a massive open online course (MOOC) in geography. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 39(1), 65-82. Robinson, D. H. (1998). Graphic organizers as aids to text learning. Reading Research and Instruction, 37, 85–105 Robinson, D. H., Corliss, S. B., Bush, A. M., Bera, S. J., & Tomberkin, T. (2003). Optimal presentation of graphic organizers and text: A case for large bites? Educational Technology Research and Development, 51, 25–41 Roffe, I., (2002), ‘E-learning: engagement, enhancement and execution’, Quality Assurance in Education, vol.10, no.1, pp.40-50. Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. New York: The Free Press. (Original publication 1962) Rogers, Y., H. Sharp, et al. (2011). Interaction design: beyond human-computer interaction, John Wiley & Sons. Romano Bergstrom, J. C., Olmsted-Hawala, E. L., & Jans, M. E. (2013). Age-related differences in eye tracking and usability performance: website usability for older adults. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 29(8), 541-548. |