Kesan pengurusan bencana tsunami akibat penyertaan NGO dan ulama terhadap bantuan serta keterdedahan di Acheh
This study is motivated by issues surrounding the victims and community during and after the Tsunamy disaster in Acheh. In order to identify various positive and negative impacts of Tsunami disaster management, two areas that are located in the proximity of Tsunami, the Western Acheh and Simeulue Is...
Saved in:
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Thesis |
Language: | eng eng |
Published: |
2017
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://etd.uum.edu.my/7379/1/s93529_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/7379/2/s93529_02.pdf |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
my-uum-etd.7379 |
---|---|
record_format |
uketd_dc |
institution |
Universiti Utara Malaysia |
collection |
UUM ETD |
language |
eng eng |
advisor |
Mat, Norsiah |
topic |
HV Social Pathology Social and Public Welfare |
spellingShingle |
HV Social Pathology Social and Public Welfare Muhammad, Mulyagus Usman Kesan pengurusan bencana tsunami akibat penyertaan NGO dan ulama terhadap bantuan serta keterdedahan di Acheh |
description |
This study is motivated by issues surrounding the victims and community during and after the Tsunamy disaster in Acheh. In order to identify various positive and negative impacts of Tsunami disaster management, two areas that are located in the proximity of Tsunami, the Western Acheh and Simeulue Islands have been chosen. The aim is to investigate the impact of disaster management ensuing from community involvement in the humanitarian aids and their vulnerability in Acheh. It begins with the phases in disaster management and the involvement of NGOs and Muslim scholars. It applies a qualitative approach utilizing ethnography method by collecting data through interviews and observations. 23 people comprising Tsunamy victims, ex-NGO volunteers, muslim scholars and government servants were chosen as samples. NVivo 11, the qualitative data analysis software, was used to analyze the data. The finding reveals four important themes: First, the disaster management theme with 59 references on the effects of early warning, coordination of aids and beneficiaries. The next theme is community engagement with 52 references on the impacts of ommunity empowerment and local wisdom. Thirdly, the humanitarian assistance theme with 44 references on the effects of cash for work and the counseling programme. The fourth theme identifies vulnerability with 47 references on rustiness and shallowness of aqidah. This study has contributed to the establishment of a conceptual framework to be used to guide disaster management in the future. Besides, it can also be a reference to the government of Acheh in managing Tsunami disaster more effectively, especially with the presence of foreign communities and foreign NGOs during the distribution of aids which may not only bring positive, but also negative consequences since it may obscure the sustainability of Islam among the community of Acheh. |
format |
Thesis |
qualification_name |
other |
qualification_level |
Doctorate |
author |
Muhammad, Mulyagus Usman |
author_facet |
Muhammad, Mulyagus Usman |
author_sort |
Muhammad, Mulyagus Usman |
title |
Kesan pengurusan bencana tsunami akibat penyertaan NGO dan ulama terhadap bantuan serta keterdedahan di Acheh |
title_short |
Kesan pengurusan bencana tsunami akibat penyertaan NGO dan ulama terhadap bantuan serta keterdedahan di Acheh |
title_full |
Kesan pengurusan bencana tsunami akibat penyertaan NGO dan ulama terhadap bantuan serta keterdedahan di Acheh |
title_fullStr |
Kesan pengurusan bencana tsunami akibat penyertaan NGO dan ulama terhadap bantuan serta keterdedahan di Acheh |
title_full_unstemmed |
Kesan pengurusan bencana tsunami akibat penyertaan NGO dan ulama terhadap bantuan serta keterdedahan di Acheh |
title_sort |
kesan pengurusan bencana tsunami akibat penyertaan ngo dan ulama terhadap bantuan serta keterdedahan di acheh |
granting_institution |
Universiti Utara Malaysia |
granting_department |
School of Business Management |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7379/1/s93529_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/7379/2/s93529_02.pdf |
_version_ |
1747828209185980416 |
spelling |
my-uum-etd.73792021-05-10T06:57:18Z Kesan pengurusan bencana tsunami akibat penyertaan NGO dan ulama terhadap bantuan serta keterdedahan di Acheh 2017 Muhammad, Mulyagus Usman Mat, Norsiah School of Business Management School of Business Management HV Social Pathology. Social and Public Welfare This study is motivated by issues surrounding the victims and community during and after the Tsunamy disaster in Acheh. In order to identify various positive and negative impacts of Tsunami disaster management, two areas that are located in the proximity of Tsunami, the Western Acheh and Simeulue Islands have been chosen. The aim is to investigate the impact of disaster management ensuing from community involvement in the humanitarian aids and their vulnerability in Acheh. It begins with the phases in disaster management and the involvement of NGOs and Muslim scholars. It applies a qualitative approach utilizing ethnography method by collecting data through interviews and observations. 23 people comprising Tsunamy victims, ex-NGO volunteers, muslim scholars and government servants were chosen as samples. NVivo 11, the qualitative data analysis software, was used to analyze the data. The finding reveals four important themes: First, the disaster management theme with 59 references on the effects of early warning, coordination of aids and beneficiaries. The next theme is community engagement with 52 references on the impacts of ommunity empowerment and local wisdom. Thirdly, the humanitarian assistance theme with 44 references on the effects of cash for work and the counseling programme. The fourth theme identifies vulnerability with 47 references on rustiness and shallowness of aqidah. This study has contributed to the establishment of a conceptual framework to be used to guide disaster management in the future. Besides, it can also be a reference to the government of Acheh in managing Tsunami disaster more effectively, especially with the presence of foreign communities and foreign NGOs during the distribution of aids which may not only bring positive, but also negative consequences since it may obscure the sustainability of Islam among the community of Acheh. 2017 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/7379/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/7379/1/s93529_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/7379/2/s93529_02.pdf text eng public other doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Alcantara Ayala, I. (2002). Geomorphology , natural hazards , vulnerability and prevention of natural disasters in developing countries. Geomorphology, 47, 107–124. Ali Maschan Moesa. (2007). Nasionalieme Kyai : Konstruksi Berbasis Agama (p. 358). Yogyakarta, Indonesia: LKis dan IAIN Sunan Ampel. Retrieved Retrieved July 23, 2014, from http://books.google.com.my/ Anggun Susilo. (2007). The Ineffectiveness of Aid in Aceh Redevelopment Projects. International Relations Depatement Brawijaya University, 33–42. Arida Sahputra. (2012). Agenda besar misionaris di aceh. http://aridasahputra.blogspot.com/2012/09/agenda-besar-misionaris-di-aceh.html. Austrian Development Agency. (2009). International humanitarian aid (p. 22). Vienna. Retrieved from www.entwicklung.at Aziz, S. A. (2013). Perkukuh rohani, jasmani ummah tempuhi 2014. Berita Harian, p. 26. Malaysia. Retrieved Agustus 03, 2014 from http://www.bharian.com.my B.Setiawan. (2007). Pelajaran Dari Yogya Dan Aceh : Kapasitas Tata Kelola Resiko Bencana (pp. 1–114). Yogyakarta: Patnership for Government Reform. Bappenas. (2006). Preliminary damage and loss assessment; The December 26, 2004 Natural Disaster (p. 128). Basit, T. N. (2003). Manual or electronic? The role of coding in qualitative data analysis. Educational Research, 45(2), 143–154. Basyar, M. H. (2007). Dinamika Peran Ulama dalam Perpolitikan Nasioanl Pasca-Orde baru. In Revitalisasi Peran Politik Ulama dan Kiai dalam kancah Perpolitikan Nasioanl. Banjar, Indonesia: STAI Darussalam Martapura. Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative case study methodology: Study design and implementation for novice researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544–559. Benson, C., & Twigg, J. (2007). Tools for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction : Guidance Notes For Development Organisations. (ProVention Consortium Scretariat, Ed.) (pp. 1–184). Geneva,Switzerland: The International Federation of Red Cross. Berg, B. L. (2001). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Bjorgo, E. (2013). Mainstreaming space technologies for effective disaster management (p. 17). Swizetland. Blaikie, N. (2000). Designing Social Research: The Logic of Anticipation. Cambridge: Polity. Blaikie, P. ., Cannon, T., Davis, I., & Wisner, B. (1994). At Risk : natural Hazards, People Vulnerability and Disaster (1st ed.). London: Routlege. Bowen, G. A. (2006). Grounded theory and sensitizing concepts. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(3), 1–9. BPS Aceh. (2010). jumlah pondok pesantren, santri dan tenaga pengajar menurut kabupaten/kota. Brady, M., & Loonam, J. (2010). Exploring the use of entity-relationship diagramming as a technique to support grounded theory inquiry. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 5(3), 224–237. Brewer, G. A., Selden, S. C., & Facer II, R. L. (2000). Individual conceptions of public service motivation. Public Administration Review, 60(3), 254–264. Brink, P. J., & Edgecombe, N. (2003). What is becoming of ethnography. Qual. Health Res, 13(7), 1028–1030. Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2007). Business Research Methods (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Bungin, B. (2001). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif; Dilema Multikulturalisme di Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: Rajawali Press. Cannon, T. (2000). Vulnerability Analysis and Disasters. (D. J. Park, Ed.)Floods: Routledge. Cardona, O. D. (2003). Indicators for Disaster Risk Management (pp. 1–38). Manizales, Colombia. Cornwall, A. (2011). The participation reader. London: Zed Books. Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Crofts, K., & Bisman, J. (2010). Interrogating accountability: An illustration of the use of Leximancer software for qualitative data analysis. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 7(2), 180–207. Cutler, A. (2004). Methodical failure: The use of case study method by public relations researchers. Public Relations Review, 30, 365–375. Dani, S. (2015). Aceh Taget Misionaris. Serambi Indonesia, 2015. Retrieved from www.aceh.tribunnews.com Deputi Sekretaris Kabinat Bidang Hukum. (2008). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 47 Tahun 2008 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Presiden Nomor 30 Tahun 2005 Rencana Induk Rehabilitasi Dan Rekonstruksi Wilayah Dan Kehidupan Masyarakat Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Dan Kepulauan Nias Sumat. Jakarta, Jakarta. Di Gregorio, S., & Davidson, J. (2007). Research design, units of analysis and software supporting qualitative analysis. Advances in Qualitative Computing, 1(1), 1–10. Diamond, L. (2001). What Civil Society Can Do To Reform , Deepen , And Improve Democracy By (pp. 1–18). Stanford. Dwininggrum, S. I. A. (2011). Desentralisasi dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pendidikan (p. 334). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Edward, M. (2000). NGOs Rights And Responbilities, A New Deal For Global Governance. London: Foreign Policy Center. French, S. (2009). Action research for practising managers. Journal of Management Development, 28(3), 187–204. Fu¨ssel, H.-M., & Klein, R. J. . (2006). Climate change vulnerability assessments: an evolution of conceptual thinking. Climatic Change, 75(3), 301–329. Gentile, P. A. (2009). Ensuring the American dream: Perceptions of New Jersey community college residents on fundraising as an alternative revenue source to preserve access and affordability. University of Nebraska, Nebraska, USA. Ginige, K., Amaratunga, D., & Haigh, R. (2009). Mainstreaming gender in disaster reduction: why and how? Disaster Prevention and Management, 18(1), 23–34. doi:10.1108/09653560910938510 Goede, R., & De Villiers, C. (2003). The applicability of grounded theory as research methodology in studies on the use of methodologies in IS practices. Retrieved July 22, 2014, from http://groupware.les.inf.puc-rio.br /groupware/ temp/ denise/ metodologia/ACM/groundedTheoryIS_p208-goede.pdf Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report, 8(4), 597–606. Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8-4/golafshani.pdf Goulding, C. (2005). Grounded theory, ethnography and phenomenology: A comparative analysis of three qualitative strategies for marketing research. European Journal of Marketing, 39(3), 294–308. Groenewald, T. (2004). A Phenomenological Research Design Illustrated. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(1), 1–26. Retrieved Agustus 04, 2014 from http://www.ualberta.ca/-iiqm/backissues/3_1/pdf/groenewald.pdf Hahn, C. (2008). Doing Qualitative Research Using Your Computer. Londong: Sage. Harahap, S. W. (2011). AIDS di Banda Aceh : Yang Rawan Perilaku Sebagian Penduduk. Retrieved June 03, 2011, from http://www.kompasiana.com/posts/ type/raport/ Hartmann, T., Fischer, M., & Haymaker, J. (2009). Implementing information systems with project teams using ethnographic-action research. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 23(1), 57–67. Hasan, H. binti H. (2010). Sejarah Migrasi Penduduk Acheh ke Kedah "Dalam Konteks Hubungan Kedah-Acheh, (Perbadanaan Perpustakaan Awam Kedah), 1–30. Hatta Abdul Malik. (2010). DA ’ I Sebagai Pewaris Nabi. Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 4(2), 86–87. Healt Disaster Management. (2002). Conceptual framework of disasters (Vol. 17, pp. 31–55). Henckaerts, J. (2005). Studi (kajian) tentang Hukum Humaniter Internasional Kebiasaan: Sebuah sumbangan bagi pemahaman dan penghormatan terhadap tertib hukum dalam konflik bersenjata. International Humanitarian Law, 87, 1–44. Heyzer, N. (2004). Women, War and Peace : Mobilizing for Security and Justice in the 21st Century. (E. Noma, Ed.) (pp. 1–58). San Diego, California: University od San Diego. Hidayat, T. (2010). Isu-isu aktual penelitian pemberdayaan masyarakat (pp. 1–11). Banjarbaru, Indonesia. Hon Anna, B. M. (2010). Disaster Management Strategic Policy Framework. State Disaster Management Group, (1), 1–20. Hossain, A. (2013). Community Participation in Disaster Management : Role of Social Work to Enhance Participation, 9, 159–171. Househ, M. S. (2008). A case study in knowledge translation: Developing a conceptual framework to evaluate the role of information and communication technology on linkage and exchange processes in distant drug policy groups. University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. International Strategi For Disaster Reduction. (2006). Developing Early Warning Systems : A Checklist. Early Warming Conference, 3(March), 1–13. Ishak, R. (2004). Special Report : Disaster Planning And Management. NCD Malaysia, 3(2), 47–51. Iwasaki, Y. (2008). The methodological applications of modern historical science to qualitative research. Retrieved July 22, 2014, from https://ir.ide.go.jp/dspace/bitstream/ 2344/732/3/ARRIDE_Discussion_No.143_iwasaki.pdf Jabar, M. A., Sidi, F., Selamat, M. H., Abdul Ghani, A. A., & & Ibrahim, H. (2009). An investigation into methods and concepts of qualitative research in information system research. Computer and Information Science, 2(4), 47–54. Jusmaliani. (2008). Bencana Dalam Pandangan Islam. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, 34(1), 1–23. Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat. (2008). Bencana. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Retrieved June, 05, 2014 from http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Search.aspx? k=Bencana Karunasena, G., & Rameezdeen, R. (2010). Post-disaster housing reconstruction: Comparative study of donor?vs owner-driven approaches. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 1(2), 173–191. doi:10.1108/17595901011056631 Katsir, Imaduddin Abu Fida' Ismail bin, Misbahul Munir fi Tahdzib Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, Riyadh : Darussalam, 2000 Kasperson, J. X. (2005). Risk Analysis Corporations and the Globalization of Risk. Social Contours of Risk, 2(1), 245–285. Klein, E. E., Tellefsen, T., & Herskovitz, P. J. (2007). The use of group support systems in focus groups: Information technology meets qualitative research. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(1), 2113–2132. Kruahongs, W. (2008). Community Participation In Tsunami Disaster Response And Recovery In Thailand. University of Manitoba. LaRocco, M. (2011). International teaching assistance and the essence of the development of intercultural competence. Retrieved June, 07, 2014 from http://digitalcommons.ric/etd/edu/40 Legg, C. F. (2010). An ethnography of adults living with aphasia in Khayelitsha. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Lettieri, E., Masella, C., & Radaelli, G. (2009). Disaster management: findings from a systematic review. Disaster Prevention and Management, 18(2), 117–136. doi:10.1108/09653560910953207 M.Quraish Shihab. (2007). Bencana alam menurut perspektif al- qur’an, 1, 1–18. Maarif, S. (2009). Pedoman Bantuan Peralatan. Jakarta, Indonesia. Malina, M. A., Nørreklit, H. S. O., & Selto, F. H. (2011). Lessons learned: Advantages and disadvantages of mixed method research. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 8(1), 59–71. Mallick, B., Rahaman, K. R., & Vogt, J. (2011). Social vulnerability analysis for sustainable disaster mitigation planning in coastal Bangladesh. Disaster Prevention and Management, 20(3), 220–237. doi:10.1108/09653561111141682 Martin, N. (2005). The Asian tsunami An urgent case for improved government information systems and management. Disaster Prevention and Management, 16(2), 188–200. doi:10.1108/09653560710739513 Masyrafah, H., & McKeon, J. M. (2008). Post-Tsunami Aid Effectiveness in Aceh. Wolfensohn Center For Development (pp. 1–54). Indonesia. McAdoo, B. G., Dengler, L., Prasetya, G., & Titov, V. (2006). Smong : How an Oral History Saved Thousands on Indonesia’s Simeulue Island during the December 2004 and March 2005 Tsunamis. Earthquake Spectra, 22(S3), 661–669. doi:10.1193/1.2204966 McEntire, D. A. (2001). Triggering agents, vulnerabilities and disaster reduction: towards a holistic paradigm. Disaster Prevention and Management, 10(3), 189–96. Meijer, P. C., Verloop, N., & Beijaard, D. (2002). Multi-method triangulation in a qualitative study on teachers’ practical knowledge: An attempt to increase internal validity. Quality & Quantity, 36, 145–167. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Moch Syarif Hidayatullah. (2009). Bencana dan Qur’an. blogspot. Retrieved September, 10, 2015 from http://eku2009.blogspot.com/2009/10/ bencana-dan-quran.html Bencana Moe, T. L., & Pathranarakul, P. (2006). An integrated approach to natural disaster management: Public project management and its critical success factors. Disaster Prevention and Management, 15(3), 396–413. doi:10.1108/09653560610669882 Mohd Noor, K. B. (2008). Case study: A strategic research methodology. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(11), 1602–1604. Mohhamad Iskandar. (2001). Para Pengemban Amanah : Pergulatan Pemikiran Kiai dan Ulama di Jawa Barat, 1900-1950. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Matabangsa. Muhammad Chirzin. (2010). Ulama Dan Umara Dalam Perspektif Al- Qur’an. (Sunan Kalijaga, Ed.) (pp. 45–47). Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Muhammad Gazali. (2000). Persepsi al-Qur’an tentang ulama (pp. 17–29). Khazanah. Mustafa, M. M. E. (2007). Disaster Preparedness And Risk Reduction In The Community. 2007 (pp. 1–196). United Kingdom. Nasution, D. (2007). Analisa dan Evaluasi UU No.24 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanggulangan Bencana (pp. 1–78). Jakarta, Indonesia. Ng, C. K. C., & White, P. (2005). Qualitative research design and approaches in radiography. Radiography, 11, 217–225. Nurani, L. M. (2008). Critical review of ethnographic approach. Jurnal Sosioteknologi, 14(7), 441–447. Ocha. (2008). Disaster Response in Asia and the Pacific : A Guide to International Tools and Services. (W. Stacey, Ed.) (pp. 1–87). Thailand. Olmos, S. (2001). Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change: concepts, issues, assessment methods. Climate Change Knowledge Network. Retrieved July 23, 2014, from http://www.cckn.net/pdf/va_foundation_ Osorio, N. ., & Hurych, J. (2004). Literature of disasters from the human factors point of view: a descriptive analysis. Collection Building, 23(2), 64–72. Pandey, B., & Okazaki, K. (2005). Community Based Disaster Management: Empowering Communities to Cope with Disaster Risks (United Nat.). Japaan. Pelling, M., & Uitto, J. I. (2002). Small island developing states : natural disaster vulnerability and global change. Enviromental Hazard, 3(2001), 49–62. Quraish Shihab. (1994). Membumikan Al-Qur’an (pp. 1–382). Bandung, Indonesia: Mizan. Roka, K. B. (2012). Are NGOs Making A Difference? A Community To Measuring Non-Goverment Organizations (NGOS) Effectiveness In Nepal. The Pennsylvania State University. Șandru, C. (2009). Current outlook upon ethnography. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, 2(51), 61–68. Schellens, T., & Valcke, M. (2006). Fostering knowledge construction in university students through asynchronous discussion groups. Computer & Education, 46, 349–370. Sekretariat Bina Desa. (1999). Panduan penguatan manajemen lembaga swadaya masyarakat (p. 33). Jakarta, Indonesia. Shaluf, I. ., & Ahmadun, F. (2006). Disaster types in Malaysia: an overview. Disaster Prevention and Management, 15(2), 286–98. Shaluf, I. ., Ahmadun, F., & Said, A. . (2003). A review of disaster and crisis. Disaster Prevention and Management, 12(1), 24–32. Solihu, A. K. H. (2007). Making Sense of Natural Disasters : An Islamic Hermeneutics of Malevolent Phenomena in Nature and Its Implication for Sustainable Development. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sceinces, 1(24). Stoddard, A. (2003). Humanitarian NGOs: challenges and trends. Overseas Development Intitute, 44(12), 1–4. Suharko. (2003). NGO, Goverment and Promotion od Democratic Goverment in Post-New Order Indonesia. Forum of International Development Studies, 1(1), 229–244. Sumampouw, M. (2004). Perencanaan Darat-Laut yang Terintegrasi dengan Menggunakan Informasi Spasial yang Partisipatif. Menata Ruang Laut Terpadu (pp. 91–117). Jakarta, Indonesia: Pradnya Paramita. Taher, T. (2000). Jembatan, Umat, Ulama dan Umara (pp. 1–55). Bandung, Indonesia: Genesa. Tetnowski, J.A. & Damico, J. S. (2001). A demonstration of the advantages of qualitative methodologies in stuttering research. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 26(1), 17–42. Teuku Erwansyah, Awang, A. H., & Hamzah Jusof. (2011). Pembangunan Sosisoekonomi Pasca Tsunami : Peranan NGO Asing. In Aceh Development International Conference (Vol. 1, pp. 617–638). Tollin, K., & Jones, R. (2009). Marketing logics for competitive advantage. European Journal of Marketing, 43, 523–550. Tongco, M. D. C. (2007). Purposive Sampling as a Tool for Informant Selection. Ethnobotany Research & Applications, 158, 147–158. Tsai, P. (2009). Best practices of team teaching by native speaker teachers and non-native speaker teachers in Taiwanese junior high school English classes. Alliant International University, California, USA. Turner, M., & Fozdar, F. (2010). Dependency, partiality and the generation of research questions in refugee education. Issues in Educational Research, 20(1), 183–197. Uthman, M. Z. (2005). Ulama dan Umara : Peranan Dan Cabaran Dalam Menghadapi Alaf Baru. Malaysia: Perputakaan Negara Malaysia. Van Roy, A. (2000). “Good News” You May Be Out Of a Job : Refletion on The Past and Future 50 Years For Northern NGOs. Development In Pratice, 10(3 & 4), 300–317. Vebry, M., Manu, C., & Berman, L. (2007). Community development approach in Aceh reconstruction: Reflecting on lessons learned for Yogyakarta. International Seminar on Post-Disaster Reconstruction: Assistance to Local Governments and Communities, (Yogyakarta, Indonesia). Wangkaewhiran, T. (2012). Development of Local Wisdom Learning Management Model of ASEAN Focus School. In The International Academic Forum (Ed.), The Asian Conference on Education (pp. 119–129). Osaka, Japan. Warfield, C. (2002). The Disaster Management Cycle. Retrieved Oktober, 09, 2015 from http://www.gdrc.org/uem/disasters/l-dm_cvcle. html Weichselgartner, J. (2001). Disaster mitigation: the concept of vulnerability revisited. Disaster Prevention and Management, 10(2), 85–95. doi:10.1108/09653560110388609 Williams, D. (2005). Bridging the methodological divide in game research. Simulation & Gaming, 36(4), 1–17. Williams, P. & Gunter, B. (2006). Triangulating qualitative research and computer transaction logs in health information studies. Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives, 58(1/2), 129–139. Yarwood, R. (2007). Getting just deserts? Policing, governance and rurality in Western Australia. Geoforum, 38, 339–352. Yuknis, C. M. (2010). A grounded theory of deaf middle school students’ revision of their own writing. University of Maryland, Maryland, USA. |