Personaliti remaja dalam penulisan blog

Past studies have shown that teenagers have different personality styles while communicating face-to-face and in writing. The difference in communication styles of these two mediums result in individual personalities having their true selves difficult to be recognized, especially in writing. The per...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Mohd Shahremy Ikmal, Shahbudin
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
eng
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/7466/1/Depositpermission_s93854.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7466/2/s93854_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7466/3/s93854_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.7466
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
eng
advisor Yusoff, Nuraini
topic BF637 Counseling.
spellingShingle BF637 Counseling.
Mohd Shahremy Ikmal, Shahbudin
Personaliti remaja dalam penulisan blog
description Past studies have shown that teenagers have different personality styles while communicating face-to-face and in writing. The difference in communication styles of these two mediums result in individual personalities having their true selves difficult to be recognized, especially in writing. The personality that exists through writing causes individuals to become independent and act irrationally on the Internet. This issue is particularly alarming, especially among teenagers in Malaysia who make up the highest number of Internet users in Malaysia. Based on the Big Five's Personality Theory, the present study was conducted to examine how teenagers communicate by using texts on the internet, in terms of: a) personality traits of all blog posts written by teenagers in 2012; b) language use in blog postings for each personality trait; and c) factors affecting personality traits in blog posts. The informants in the study consisted of two teenagers. They were screened out of 40 teenagers, aged between 16 and 19, who were active in blogging on the internet, having written 55 blog posts throughout 2012. Every blog post created throughout the year 2012 is then classified by the use of words in its text. The use of words in the text is then adjusted to the five personality traits to show the factors that influence them.The findings showed that emotion is the main factor which influenced the teenagers' personality traits in writing on the internet. The analysis of the blog posts showed the occurrences of all the five personality traits of the Big Five's Personality Theory which are Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism. In conclusion. this study has been able to assess teenagers' personality traits in blog writing compared to face-to-face. Besides, this study helps to identify teenagers' personality via blog writing and characteristics based on the five traits in the Big Five's Personality Theory.
format Thesis
qualification_name Ph.D.
qualification_level Doctorate
author Mohd Shahremy Ikmal, Shahbudin
author_facet Mohd Shahremy Ikmal, Shahbudin
author_sort Mohd Shahremy Ikmal, Shahbudin
title Personaliti remaja dalam penulisan blog
title_short Personaliti remaja dalam penulisan blog
title_full Personaliti remaja dalam penulisan blog
title_fullStr Personaliti remaja dalam penulisan blog
title_full_unstemmed Personaliti remaja dalam penulisan blog
title_sort personaliti remaja dalam penulisan blog
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
publishDate 2018
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/7466/1/Depositpermission_s93854.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7466/2/s93854_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7466/3/s93854_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828222919180288
spelling my-uum-etd.74662021-08-11T02:06:13Z Personaliti remaja dalam penulisan blog 2018 Mohd Shahremy Ikmal, Shahbudin Yusoff, Nuraini Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences BF637 Counseling. Past studies have shown that teenagers have different personality styles while communicating face-to-face and in writing. The difference in communication styles of these two mediums result in individual personalities having their true selves difficult to be recognized, especially in writing. The personality that exists through writing causes individuals to become independent and act irrationally on the Internet. This issue is particularly alarming, especially among teenagers in Malaysia who make up the highest number of Internet users in Malaysia. Based on the Big Five's Personality Theory, the present study was conducted to examine how teenagers communicate by using texts on the internet, in terms of: a) personality traits of all blog posts written by teenagers in 2012; b) language use in blog postings for each personality trait; and c) factors affecting personality traits in blog posts. The informants in the study consisted of two teenagers. They were screened out of 40 teenagers, aged between 16 and 19, who were active in blogging on the internet, having written 55 blog posts throughout 2012. Every blog post created throughout the year 2012 is then classified by the use of words in its text. The use of words in the text is then adjusted to the five personality traits to show the factors that influence them.The findings showed that emotion is the main factor which influenced the teenagers' personality traits in writing on the internet. The analysis of the blog posts showed the occurrences of all the five personality traits of the Big Five's Personality Theory which are Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism. In conclusion. this study has been able to assess teenagers' personality traits in blog writing compared to face-to-face. Besides, this study helps to identify teenagers' personality via blog writing and characteristics based on the five traits in the Big Five's Personality Theory. 2018 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/7466/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/7466/1/Depositpermission_s93854.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/7466/2/s93854_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/7466/3/s93854_02.pdf text eng public http://sierra.uum.edu.my/record=b1697840~S1 Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Abbas, S. & Singh, AK. (2014). Media industry trends and dynamic: The social media boom. Dibentangkan di The International Conference On Communicationi -Come, Langkawi, Malaysia. Abbate, J. (2000). Inventing the internet. Cambridge: MIT Press. Abdul Karim, N. S., Ahmad Zamzuri, N. H .. & Muhammad Nor, Y. (2009). Exploring the relationship between internet ethics in university students and the big five model of personality. Computers & Education, 53(1), 86-93. Adler, A. (1954). Understanding human nature. New York: Fawcett Premier. Advocacy Net, (2006). 'Technology helps disadvantage Malaysian women to fight discrimination and work from home', Advocacy Net, dicapai daripada http://www.advocacy.net.org/resource/589. Ahmad Nazri Jai. (2002). Pengaruh kediaman dalam kehidupan remaja. Malaysia Journal of Social Administration. 1, 61-78. Aldo, D.M. & Efimova, L. (2004, Jun). An argumentation analysis of weblog conversation. Dibentangkan di Proc. Of the 9th International Working Conference on the Language-Action on Communication modeling. Brunswick. Ali Salman. & Mohd Safar Hashim. (2009). Sustainability of internet usage: A study among Malay women in a sub-urban setting in Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences. 9(3), 433-447. Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. NY: Holt. Almadhoun, N.M., Dominic, P.D.D. & Lai, F.W. (2011). Perceived security, privacy, and trust concerns within social networking sites: the role of information sharing and relationships development in the Malaysian higher education institutions marketing'. IEEE International Conference Control System, Computing and Engineering, 426-431. Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2002). Internet and personality. Computers In Human Behaviour. 18: 1-10. Amtzis, R. (2014). Crowdsourcing from the Ground Up: How a new generation of Nepali nonprofits uses social media to successfully promote its initiatives. Journal Of Creative Communication. 9(2) 127-146. Amstrong, L., Phillips, J., & Saling, L., 2000. Potential determinants of heavier internet usage. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 53. 537-550. Anderson, B., Fagan, P., Woodnutt, T., & Premuzic, (2012). Facebook psychology: popular questions answered by research. Psychology of popular media culture. 1. 23-57. Ansbacher, H. L. & Ansbacher, R. R. (Eds). (1964). Alfred Adler - Superiority and social interest: A collection of later writings. New York, NY: The Viking Press. Ashton, M. C. & Lee, K. (2005, August). Empirical, Theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure. Dicapai daripada http://psr.sagepub.com Asmah Haji Omar. (2008). Penterjemahan pemindahan sistem semiotik. Kuala Lumpur: UM. Atkinson, A. B. (1987). On the measurement of poverty. Econo111etrica. 55(4), 749-764. Audrey Poh Choo Cheak, Gerald Guan Gan Toh & Tai Sook Chin. (2012). Online social networking addiction among university students m Malaysia. Universiti Multimedia, 4(2), 21-27. Azhar Alyaa. (2013, May). Social media crucial in election campaign. Free Malaysia today, 19 April, Retrieved from http://www.freemaiaysiatoday.com/category/ nation/2013/04/19/socialmedia-crucial-in- election-campaign/ Azizi Yahaya, Shahrin Hashim, Jamaludin Ramli, YusofBoon, & Abdul Rahim Hamdan. (2009). Menguasai penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: BS Print (M) Sdn. Bhd. Azman Ismail, (2012). Media konversional perlu imbangi dunia baharu. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa. Babbie, E. R. (2001). The practice of sosial research. USA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning. Baharom Bakar, (2014, Ogos 6). Sekat unsur fitnah, hina di lam an sosial. Serita Harian. Dicapai daripada http://www.consumerinfo.my/News-Events/Consumer- lssues/Sekat-unsur-fitnah,-hina-di-laman-sosial. aspx Bailenson, J.N., & Blascovich, J. (2011). Virtual reality and social Networks will be a powerful combination: Avatars will make social networks seductive. IEEE Spectrum. Balter, S. (1998). Imaging factors and image optimization. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis. 45 (4), 450-453. Balter, O. (1998). Electronic mail in a working context. Tes is yang tidak diterbitkan, Kungl.Tekniska Hogskolan, Stockholm, Sweden Bandura, A., & Cervone, D. (1986). Differential engagement of self-reactive influences in cognitive motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 38, 92-113. Barak, A., & English, N. (2002). Prospects and limitations of psychological testing on the internet. Journal of Technology in Human Services. 19, 65-89. Barber, B. K., & Shagle, S. C. (1992). Adolescent problem behaviors: A socialecological analysis. Family Perspective, 26, 493-515. Barjak, F. (2006). The role of the internet in informal scholarly communication. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(10), 1360-1367. Baron, N. S. (2001) Alphabet to Email: How written language evolved and where It's heading. London and New York: Routledge. Baron, N.S. (1998). Letters by phone or speech by others means. The linguistics of e-mail. Language and Communication, 18, 133-170. Bausch, P., Haughey, M., & Hourihan, M. (2002). We blog: Publishing online with weblogs. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Publishing. Beckett, J. (2000). Internet technology. In Langford, D. (Ed), internet ethics. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press. Behnke, P. (20 l 0). Social media and politics: Online social networking and political communication in Asia. [e-book] Singapore" Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Retrieved 17 June 2013, from http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas 21591-1522-1-30. pdf?1101200093225 Bell, Allan. 1984. Language style as audience design. Language in society 13(2). 145-204. Berelson, B. (1952). Content analysis in communication research. New York: The Free Press. Bertot, J. & Jaeger, P. (2010) Designing, implementing and evaluating user centered and citizen centered e-government. Internalional Journal of Electronic Government Research 6(2): 1-17. Biber, D. (1993). Representitativeness in corpus design. Literary and linguistic computing. 8(4), 243-257. Biesanz, J. C. & West, S. G. (2004). Towards understanding assessments of the big five: Multitrait-Multimethod analyses of convergent and discriminant validity across measurement occasion and type of observer. Journal of Personality, 72, 845-876. Birnbaum, R. (2000). Management fads in higher education. San Francisco: JosseyBass Birnbaum (Ed.), Psychological experiments on the internet. San Diego: Academic Press Blackman, M.C. (2002). The employment interview via the telephone: Are we sacrificing accurate personality judgements for cost efficience. Journal of Research in Personality. 36, 208-223. Blankenship, C. J. (2007). lnteractivism: Transforming the composition classroom through blogging. (Tesis Ph.D yang tidak diterbitkan). University of Arkansas, USA. Blass, T. (1984). Social psychology and personality: Toward of convengence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1013-1027. Blinka, L., Subrahmanyam, K., Smahel, D., & Seganti, F. R. (2012). Differences in the Teen Blogosphere: Insights from a content analysis of english- and Czech-language web logs. Young, 20(3), 277-296. doi: 10.1177/110330881202000304 Bloch, B. & Tragger, G. L. (1942). Outline of linguistics analysis. Baltimore, Md: Linguistics Society of America. Bloch, J. (2007). Abdullah's blogging: A generation 1.5 student enters the blogsphere. Language Learning & Technology Journal, 11 (2), 128-141. Blood, R. (2002). The weblog handbook: Practical advice on creating and maintaining your blog. Cambridge, USA: Preseus. Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (1998). Qualitative research for education. An Introduction to Theory and Methods. 3rd Edition. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Bolger, N. (1990). The manifestation of personality and social resources in coping with a major stressful event. (Tesis Ph.D yang tidak diterbitkan), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Bouchard, T. J., Jr., & Loehlin, J.C. (2001). Genes, evolution. and personality. Behavior Genetic, 31, 243-273. Bowles, S., Gintis, H. (2002). Social capital and community governance. The Economic Journal. 112 (483), F419-F436. Bradac, J. J. (l 990). Language attitudes and impression formation. ln Giles, H. & Robinson, W. P. (Eds.), Handbook of language and social psychology (pp. 388-412). West Essex, England: John Wiley & Sons. Braman, S. (2009). Internet RFCS as social policy: Network design as regulatory policy, Proceedings of the American Society of Information Society and Technology. Dicapai daripada http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ meet.145.v46:1/issuetoc Brown, S. L., Nesse, R. M., Vinokur, A. D., & Smith, D. M. (2003). Providing social support may be more beneficial than receiving it: Resu Its from a prospective study of mortality. Psychological Science, 14, 320-327. Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 1, 185-216. Brown, J. D., & Marshall, M. A. (2006). The three faces of self-esteem. ln M. Kernis (Ed.), Self-esteem: Issues and answers (pp. 4-9). New York: Psychology Press. Brown, J. D. & Dulton, K. A. (1995). The thrill of victory, the complexity of defeat: self esteem people emotional reaction 's Lo success and failure. Journal of Personality and Psychology. 68 (4), 712-722. Buchanan, Tom and John L. Smith (1999), "Using the internet for psychological research: Personality testing on the world wide web," British Journal of Psychology, 90 (1), 125-44. Buchanan, T. (2002). Online assessment: Desirable or dangerous? Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 148-154. Buckner VJ E, Castille CM, Sheets TL, 2012. The five factor model of personality and employees' excessive use of technology. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1947-1953. Budd, R. W., Thorp, R. K., & Donohew, L. (1967). Content analysis of communication. New York: Macmillan. Burns, R. (2000). Research Introduction to Research Methods. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Burgoon, J. K., Berger, C.R., & Waldron, V. R. (2000). Mindfulness and interpersonal communication. Journal of Social lssues, 56(1), 105-127. Butts, S. and J. G. Phillips (2008) Personality and self-reported mobile phone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 346-360 Cadle, L. (2005). A public view of private writing: Personal weblogs and adolescent girls. (Tesis Ph.D yang tidak diterbitkan). Bowling Green University, Canada. Carroselli, M. (1990). The language of leadership. Massachussets: Human Resource Development Press, Inc. Carney, T. (1972) Content Analysis. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press. Carpenter, B. (1996). The architectural principles of the Internet. Dicapai daripada http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1958.txt Carver, C. S., Scheirer, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 267-283. Casciaro, T. (1998). Seeing things clearly: Social sctructure, personality, and accuracy in social network perception. Social Network, 20, 331-351. Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality development: Stability and change. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 453-484. Cattell, R. B. ( 1965). The scientific analysis of personality. Baltimore: Penguin. Cavana, R. Y., Delahaye, B. L., & Sekaran, U. (2001). Applied Business Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. Queensland: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Cheung, F. M., Leung, K., Zhang, J.-X., Sun, H.-F., Gan, Y.-Q., Song, W.-Z., & Xie, D. (2001). Indigenous Chinese personality constructs: Is the five-factor model complete? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 407-433. doi: 10.1177/0022022 IO 1032004003 Chou, C, Peng H, (2007). Net-friends: Adolescents' attitudes and experiences vs. teachers' concerns. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 2394-2413. Christina Ong Sok Beng & Yuen Chee Keong. (2011). Peminjaman leksikel dalam blog bahasa lnggeris remaja Malaysia. Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian Journal of Communication, 28(1), 137-150. Ciortea-Neamtiu, S. (2014). The internet and informational bulimia. Procedia Sosial and Behavioural Science. 163, 79-84. Ciortea-Neamtiu, Ş.-O (2014). The internet and the informational bulimia. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 163, 79-84. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.289 Clark, L.A., & Livesley, W. J. (2002). Two approaches to identifying the dimensions of personality disorder: Convergence on the five-factor model. In P. T. Costa, Jr. & T A. (Eds.) Personality disorders and the five-factormodel of personality (2nd ed., pp. 161- 176). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Clark, LA.; Livesley, WJ. Two approaches to identifying the dimensions of personality disorder: Convergence on the five-factor model. In: Costa, PT.; Widiger, TA., editors. 2nd. American Psychological Association; Washington. DC: 2002. p. 161-176 C Nass, Y Moon, B J Fogg, B Reeves and D C Dryer: Can computer personalities be human personalities? International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 43, 1995 Cohn, M. A., Mehl, M. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2004). Linguistics markers of psychological change surrounding September 11, 2001. Psychological Science, 15, 687-693. Collot, M. & Belmore, N. (1996). Electronic language: A new variety of English. In S. Herring (Ed.). Computer Mediated Communication: Linguistics, social and cross-cultural perspectives. 147-170. Colley, A., & Todd, Z. (2002). Gender-linked differences in the style and content of e-mails to friends. Journal of Language and Social Psychology. 21, 380-392. Conger, J. A. (1991). Inspiring others: The language of leadership. Academy of Management Executives, 5(1), 31-45. Coopersmith, S. (l967). The antecendents of self esteem. San Francisco: Freeman. Costa, P.T., McCrae, R. R.,(1992). Profesional Manual. Psychological Assessment Resources. Odessa. FL. Cronin, B. & Overfelt, K. (1995). E-journals and tenure. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 46, 700-703. Crystal, D. (2001). Language and the internet. Cambridge: University Press. Curran, J. & Seaton, J. (2009). Power without responsibility. London: Routledge. Davis, K. (2010). Coming of age online: The developmental underpinnings of girl's blog. Journal of Adolescent Research. 25(1). 145-171. Dewdney, R. & Peter, R. (2006). The new media handbook. The language of new media. London: Roudledge. Dennis, E. E., & Calhoun Merrill, J. (2006). Media Debates: Great issues for the digital age. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Denzin, N. K. dan Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. 3rd ed Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage Publications. De Raad, B., & Perugini, M., (2002). Big five assesment. USA: Hogrefe and Hubber Publishers. Dewaele, J.-M. (1998), Speech rate variation in 2 oral styles of advanced French interlanguage. In: Regan, V. (ed.), Contemporary approaches to second language acquisition in social context: Crosslinguistic perspectives, pp. 113-123. Dublin, Ireland: University College Academic Press. Dewaele, J.-M. and Furnham, A. (2000), Personality and speech production: a pilot study of second language learners. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 355-365. Dewdney, A. & Peter, R. (2006). The new media handbook, the language of new media, 40-41 Devaraja, S.R. F. Easley, J. M. Crant. (2008) "How does personality matter? Relating the Five Factor Model to Technology Acceptance and Use." Information Sys/ems Research 19 (1), 93-105. Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective wellbeing: Emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual Review of Psychology. Digman, J. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41(1), 477-440. Di Paula, A., & Campbell, J. D. (2002). Self-esteem and persistence in the face of failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 711-724 Ducate, L.,& Lomicka, L.(2005). Exploring the blogsphere: Use of web logs in the foreign language classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 38(3), 4-10. Duck, S. (1973). Similarity and perceived similarity of personal constructs as influences on friendship choice. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 12(1), l-6. Domingo, D. & Heinoven, A. (2008). Weblogs and journalism: A typology to explore the burning boundaries, 29 (1), 3-15. Eckert, P. (1997). Gender and sociolinguistics variation. In J. Coates (Ed), language and gender: A reader (64-75) Oxford: Blackwell, USA. Edlin, G. and E. Golanty (1998). Health and wellness. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. Edwards, S. (1998). 'Openness, productivity and growth: What do we really know?', Economic Journal, 108, 383-398. Ely, Margot et al. (1991). Doing qualitative research: Circles within circles. London: The Falmer Press. Emery, R. E. (1982). lnterparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 310-330. Endestead, T., Heim, J., Kaare, B., Torgensen, T. & Brantzaeg, P. B. (2011). Media users types among young children and social displacement. Nordicom Review. 32 (1), 17-30. Epstein, J., & Klinkenberg, W. D. (2001). From E liza to internet: A brief history of computerized assessment. Computers in Human Behaviour, 17, 295-314. Erickson, T. (2000). Making sense of computer-mediated communication (CMC) conversation as genre, CMC systems as genre ecologies. Proceeding of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System science. IBM T.J Watson Research Centre. Eysenck, H. & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1991). The eysenck personality questionnaire Revised. Hodder and Stoughton: Seven oaks. Fauziah Ahmad, Chang Peng Kee, Normah Mustaffa, Faridah Ibrahim & Wan Amizah Wan Mahmud. (2012). Information propagation and the forces of social media in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 8(5), 71-76. Fullwood, C., Nicholls, W., & Makichi, R. (2014). we've got something for everyone: How individual differences predict different blogging motivations. New Media & Society. doi: 10.ll77/1461444814530248 Funder, D. (2001). Personality. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 197-221. Funder, D. C, & Dobroth, K. M. (1987). Differences between traits: Properties associated with inter-judge agreement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 409-418. Funder, D. C., Kolar, D. C., & Blackman, M. C. (1995). Agreement among judges of personality: Interpersonal relations, similarity, and acquaintanceship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 656-672. Furnham. A. (1990). Language and Personality. In H. Giles & W. Robinson (Eds.) Handbook of Language and Social Psychology. Wiley. Chister. Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middleaged community sample. Journal Health and Social Behavior. 21, 219-239. Fouladi, R.T., McCarthy, C.J., & Moller, N.P. (2002). Paper-and pencil or online? Evaluating mode effects on measures of emotional functioning and attachment. Assessment, 9, 204-215. Gadbois, E. a, & Dugan, E. (2014). The Big Five Personality Factors as Predictors of Driving Status in Older Adults. Journal of Aging and Health, 1-21. doi: 10.1177/0898264314535806 Gay, L. R. & Airasian, P. (2003). Educational Research: Competencies for analysis and applications. Edisi 7. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Merill Prentice Hall. Gergen, K. (1971). The concept of self New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Gill, J. A. (2003). Personality and language: The projection and perception of personality in computer-mediated communication. (Tesis Ph.D yang tidak diterbitkan) University of Edinburgh. United Kingdom. Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. Giles, H., Taylor, D. M., & Bourhis, R. Y. (1973). Dimensions of welsh identity. European Journal of Social Psychology 7, 29-39. Glicker, E. A. (2010). The student writer as blogger: A longitudinal case study of a blogger's critical narrative events. (Tesis Ph.D. yang tidak diterbitkan) Indiana University of Pennsylvania, USA. Goldberg, L. R. (1981). Language and individual differences: the search four universals in personality lexicons. Ulasan personaliti dan sosial psikologi 2(1), 141-165. Goldberg, L.R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48(1), 26-34. Gombor, Anita and Liliana Vas (2008)"Differences between motives for internet use and life satisfaction among Hungarian and Israeli medical students". http://hej.sze.hu/INF/INF-0805l4-B/inf0805l4b. pdf. Accessed 21.02.11. Gombor, Anita and Liliana Vas (2008)"Differences between motives for internet use and life satisfaction among Hungarian and Israeli medical students". http://hej.sze.hu/INF/INF080514-B/infD80514b. pdf. Accessed 21.02.11. Gomez, J. (2014). Social media impact on Malaysia's 13th general election. Asia Pacific Media Educator, 24(1), 95-105. doi:10.1177/1326365X14539213 Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow. P.J. & Swan. W.B. (2003). A very brief measure of the big five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality. 37(2003). 204-528. Grabowski, B. (1993). Handbook of Individual differences and instruction. Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Hillsdale: NJ. Graham, M. W. (2014). Government communication in the digital age: Social media's effect on local government public relations. Public Relations inquiry, 3(3). 361-376. doi:10.1177/2046147Xl4545371 Greenberger, D. & Padersky, C. (2016) Mind over mood. Kuala Lumpur: lnstitut Terjemahan Buku Malaysia. Gross, E. F. (2004). Adolescent Internet use: What we expect. what teens report. Journal of Applied Develop111entol Psychology. 25(6). 633- 649. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2004.09.005 Grubler, A. (1998). Technology and global change. Cambridge University Press. Guadagno RE, Okdie BM and Eno CA (2007) Who biogs? Personality predictors of blogging. Computers in Human Behavior. 24(5): 1993-2004. Guanzon-Lapefia, M. A., Church, A. T., Carlota, A. J ., & Katigbak, M. S. (1998). Indigenous personality measures: Philippine examples. Journal of CrossCultural Psychology, 29, 249-270. Gurven, M., Rueden, C. Y., Massenkoff, M., Kaplan, H. & Vie, M. L. (2013). How universal is the big five? Testing the five-factor model of personality variation among forager-farmers in the Bolivian amazon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1-17. Gyllard, L. (2006). Gender differences in Swedish student's written English and student's identification of female and male language features. (Unpublished Bachelor Thesis). Karlstad University. Dicapai daripada http://kau.divaportal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid= diva2:6329. Habermas, J. (2006). Political communication in media society: does democracy still enjoy an epistemic dimension? The impact of normative theory on empirical research. Communication Theory, 16, 411-426. Habibah & Noran (1997). Psikologi Personaliti. UTM Press: Johor. Hamburger, Y.A. & Ben-Artzi, E. (2000). The relationship between extraversion and neuroticism and the different uses of the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 16, 441-9. Hamburger, A. Y., & Vinitzky, G. (2010). Social network use and personality. Computers In Human Behaviour, 26, 1289-1295. Hancock, J.T., & Dunham, P.J. (2001). Impression formation in Computer-Mediated Communication Revisited: An analysis of the breath and intensity of impressions. Communication Research, 28, 325-347 Havighurst, R. J. ( 1972). Developmental tasks and education. New York: David McKay. Hawa Rahmat, Rohaidah Mashudi, Maizatul Azila Che Din, Ramlee Adnan dan Ahmad Zainal Abidin (2012). Personality and nature use among MMU students. The Eighth International Conference on eLearning for KnowledgeBased Society, 23-24 February 2012, Thailand Heitner, E. (2003). The relationship between use of the internet and social development in adolescence. Dissertation Abstracts International, 63, 4371. Find out more from UK Essays here: http://www.ukessays.com/ essays/psychology/journal-of research-inpersonality.php#ixzz30Lbje3WI Hergenhahn, B.R. & Olson, M.H. (1999). Introduction to theories of Personality (5th ed.). Prentice-Hall: India. Herring, Susan C., Lois A. Scheidt, Sabrina Bonus, & Elijah L. Wright (2004) Bridging the gap: a genre analysis of weblogs. In: Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 101-111. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Press. Hiler, J. (2002). Biogs as dispruitive tech: How webblogs are flying under the radar of the content management giants. Dicapai daripada http://www.webcrimson.com/blogdispruitivetech. com.html Hills, Peter and Michael Argyle (2003). Uses of the Internet and their relationships with individual differences in personality. Computers in Human Behavior 19, 1, 59-70. Hilss, P. & Argyle, M., (2008). Emotional stability as a major dimension of happiness. Personality and Individual Differences. 31 (8), 1357-1364. Holland, a. S., & Roisman, G. I. (2008). Big Five pe rsonality traits and relationship quality: Self-reported, observational, and physiological evidence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(5), 811-829. doi: 10.1177/0265407508096697 Holmes, J. (1990). Hedges and boosters in women's and men speech. Language and Communication, 10(3), 185-205. Holmes, Ashley Joyce. (2005). Web Blogs in the post-secondary writing classroom: A Study of Purposes http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/ available/etd-03222005-205901/ Master's Thesis. North Carolina State University. Holloway, I. (1997). Basic Concepts for Qualitative Research. Oxford: Blackwell Science. Holsti, 0. R. (1969). Content analysis for the social sciences and the humanities. USA: Mass. Huffaker, D., & Calvert, S. L. (2005). Gender, identity and language use in teenage blogs. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(2), 32-44. Hyper Dictionary. (2008). Internet definition dicapai daripada http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/ internet. Isbister, K. & Nass, C. (in press). Consistency of personality in interactive characters: Verbal cues, non-verbal cues, and user characteristics. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 53, 251-267. ITU. (2010). Dicapai daripada http://www.itu.int Jung, C.G. (1971). Coected Works'· Psychological types Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. Jonassen, D. H & Grabowski, B. L. (1993). Handbook of individual differences learning & instruction. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Hove and London Jones, S. & Myhill, D. (2007). Discourse of difference? Examining gender differences in linguistics characteristics of writing. Canadian Journal of Education, 30(2), 456-482. Joinson, A.N. (1999). Anonymity, disinhibition, and social desirability on the internet. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 31, 433-438.