Peranan analisis tulisan tangan dalam mengenal pasti kompetensi dan komitmen pensyarah

The purpose of this study was to discuss and explain the role of handwriting analysis in obtaining the competence and the organizational commitment of the lecturers. This is because the selection processes conducted so far could not obtain the competence and the organizational commitment of the lect...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Wulansari, Catharina Dewi
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2019
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/8060/1/s94527_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/8060/2/s94527_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.8060
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Ahmad, Fais
Abdul Ghani, Mariny
topic LB1025-1050.75 Teaching (Principles and practice)
spellingShingle LB1025-1050.75 Teaching (Principles and practice)
Wulansari, Catharina Dewi
Peranan analisis tulisan tangan dalam mengenal pasti kompetensi dan komitmen pensyarah
description The purpose of this study was to discuss and explain the role of handwriting analysis in obtaining the competence and the organizational commitment of the lecturers. This is because the selection processes conducted so far could not obtain the competence and the organizational commitment of the lecturers. This is also evidenced by many lecturers nowadays holding low functional positions. The research method was the qualitative method. The data was collected from two groups. The first group consisted of lecturers who did not use handwriting analysis and the second group consisted of lecturers who used handwriting analysis. The data was analyzed using the Handwriting Wizard Software and the Handwriting Personality Software. The results of both softwares were then verified by a Graphologist through interviews. Furthermore, for the final analysis, Nvivo 11 was used. The results showed that there are: (a) types of writing that describe the competence of the lecturers, (b) types of handwriting that describe the organizational commitment of the lecturers, and (c) roles of handwriting analysis in gaining competence and organizational commitment. This is evidenced by the significant differences between the lecturers that used handwriting analysis and the lecturers that did not use handwriting analysis. The lecturers that used handwriting analysis had better competence and organizational commitment than those that did not use handwriting analysis. This was proven when the lecturers that used handwriting analysis were capable of achieving high functional positions in a relatively brief period than those who did not use handwriting analysis. Therefore, it is proposed that in future handwriting analysis should be used in the selection process in order to gain the expected competence and organizational commitment so as to achieve good performance.
format Thesis
qualification_name Ph.D.
qualification_level Doctorate
author Wulansari, Catharina Dewi
author_facet Wulansari, Catharina Dewi
author_sort Wulansari, Catharina Dewi
title Peranan analisis tulisan tangan dalam mengenal pasti kompetensi dan komitmen pensyarah
title_short Peranan analisis tulisan tangan dalam mengenal pasti kompetensi dan komitmen pensyarah
title_full Peranan analisis tulisan tangan dalam mengenal pasti kompetensi dan komitmen pensyarah
title_fullStr Peranan analisis tulisan tangan dalam mengenal pasti kompetensi dan komitmen pensyarah
title_full_unstemmed Peranan analisis tulisan tangan dalam mengenal pasti kompetensi dan komitmen pensyarah
title_sort peranan analisis tulisan tangan dalam mengenal pasti kompetensi dan komitmen pensyarah
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate 2019
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/8060/1/s94527_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/8060/2/s94527_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828314587791360
spelling my-uum-etd.80602022-04-13T02:42:34Z Peranan analisis tulisan tangan dalam mengenal pasti kompetensi dan komitmen pensyarah 2019 Wulansari, Catharina Dewi Ahmad, Fais Abdul Ghani, Mariny Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business LB1025-1050.75 Teaching (Principles and practice) The purpose of this study was to discuss and explain the role of handwriting analysis in obtaining the competence and the organizational commitment of the lecturers. This is because the selection processes conducted so far could not obtain the competence and the organizational commitment of the lecturers. This is also evidenced by many lecturers nowadays holding low functional positions. The research method was the qualitative method. The data was collected from two groups. The first group consisted of lecturers who did not use handwriting analysis and the second group consisted of lecturers who used handwriting analysis. The data was analyzed using the Handwriting Wizard Software and the Handwriting Personality Software. The results of both softwares were then verified by a Graphologist through interviews. Furthermore, for the final analysis, Nvivo 11 was used. The results showed that there are: (a) types of writing that describe the competence of the lecturers, (b) types of handwriting that describe the organizational commitment of the lecturers, and (c) roles of handwriting analysis in gaining competence and organizational commitment. This is evidenced by the significant differences between the lecturers that used handwriting analysis and the lecturers that did not use handwriting analysis. The lecturers that used handwriting analysis had better competence and organizational commitment than those that did not use handwriting analysis. This was proven when the lecturers that used handwriting analysis were capable of achieving high functional positions in a relatively brief period than those who did not use handwriting analysis. Therefore, it is proposed that in future handwriting analysis should be used in the selection process in order to gain the expected competence and organizational commitment so as to achieve good performance. 2019 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/8060/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/8060/1/s94527_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/8060/2/s94527_02.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia A., Bartetzko. 2004. Key competencies, Employability Skills and The New Training Organisation; Knowledge Tree e-journal; http://www.ncver.edu.au/ generic.htm. diakses 28 - 10-2016 Aaron. 2017. Graphology as a Personnel Selection Method. Effortless HR. https://www.effortlesshr.com/blog/graphology-as-a-personnel-selection-method/. 3-6:3-20 Abdullah, Abdul Hamid, Raja Mohamed Fauzi Raja Musa, & Juhary Haji Ali. 2011. The Development of Human Resource Practitioner Competency Model Perceived by Malaysian Human Resource Practitioners and Consultants: A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Approach. International Journal of Business and Management. Vol. 6, No. 11; November 2011. (hlm. 240-255). Adams, Russell P., & Clara Downey. 2008. International Strategic Alliances: Identifying Objective Performance Measures. International Business & Economics Research Journal. Vol. 7, No. 4. Agba, A. M. Ogaboh, Festus Nkpoyen, Ushie, E. M. 2010. Career Development and Employee Commitment in Industrial Organisations in Calabar, Nigeria. American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. Vol. 1 No. 2. (hlm. 105-114). Agustian, Ary Ginanjar. 2001. Rahasia Sukses Membangun Kecerdasar Emosi dan Spiritual-ESQ. Jakarta: Penerbit Arga Alainati, Shaikhah, Sarmad N. Al Shawi, and Wafi Al-Karaghouli. 2009. The Effect Of Education And Training On Competency. European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems 2010. (hlm. 1-9). Aleksius, Jemadu. 2007. Politik Global dalam Teori dan Politik. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. Allen, N.J. & Meyer, J.P. 1990. The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Oc-cupational Psychology. (hlm. 63). Ali, Fouzia, Monazza Karamat, Hafsa Noreen, Mehak Khurram, Asma Chuadary, Madiha Nadeem, Hina Jamshaid, Saba Farman. 2011. The Effect of Job Stress and Job Performance on Employee’s Commitment. European Journal of Scientific Research.Vol.60 No.2. (hlm. 267-276). Almasri, M. Nazar. 2016. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia: Imlementasi Dalam Pendidikan Islam Kutubkhanah, Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, Vol.19, No.2 Juli -Desember : 137 Almeida, Fernando & Faria, Daniel & Queirós, André. 2017. Strengths and Limitations of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods. European Journal of Education Studies. 3. 369-387. 10.5281/zenodo.887089. Amabile. 1996. Assesing The Work Environment for Creativity. Academy of management Journal, 39, (5):1154-1184. Amend, Karen Kristin & Mary Stanbury Ruiz. Hand Writting Analysis - The Complete Basic Book. Panduan Untuk Mengenal Kepribadian Seseorang Melalui Tulisan Tangan Cet II. Jakarta: PT Bhuana Ilmu Populer Anandakumar, K R., & Champa H N. 2010. Artificial Neural Network for Human Behavior Prediction through Handwriting Analysis. International Journal Of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887). Vol.2, No. 2. (hlm. 36-41). Anastasopoulou, Venetia. 2008. Experts Report Handwriting Examination. Questioned Document Examiner. Link: www.graphologos.gr Anderson & Narus. 1998. Jurnal Studi Manajemen & Organisasi Vol. 3 No. 1 (hlm. 60). Andrew-Face, Rangkoang Lesabe & James Nkosi. 2007. A Qualitative Exploration of Employess’ Views On Organisational Commitment. Sa Journal Of Human Resource Management. Vol. 5. No. 1. (hlm. 35-44). Anonymous. 1999. Looking To The Future: Human Resources Competencies. United States Office of Personnel Management. An Occupation In Transition A Comprehensive Study Of The Federal Human Resources Community. (hlm. 1-20). Anonymous. 1996. Fascinating Tidbits about Handwriting Analysis. Dental Economics. Vol. 86, No.9. (hlm. 72). Antoinette, Lucia D. and Lepsinger, R. 1999. The Art and Science of Competency Model. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffe Anvari, Roya, Salmiah bt Mohamad, and Amin Salbiah Seliman. 2010. Personal Needs Assessment Approach in Strategic Training and Affective Commitment. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 5, No.7. (hlm. 144-157). Armawi, Armaidy. 2011. Nasionalisme Dalam Dinamika Ketahanan Nasional, Yogyakarta: UGM Press. Armstrong, Terry & Chris Piotrowski. 2006. Current Recruitment and Selection Practices: A National Survey of Fortune 1000 Firms. North American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 8. No. 3. Arthur, W. Jr., Woehr, D.J., & Graziano, W. 2001. Personality testing in employment settings: Problems and issues in the application of typical selection practices. Personnel Review, 30, Issue 5/6. Aryee S, Debrah YA. 1992. An investigation of the impact of family and career variables on organizational commitment. Austr. J. Manage. (hlm. 17). Aryeetey, Majoreen. 2011. Recruitment and Selection Practices in Small and Medium Enterprises: Perspectives from Ghana, Dan Ofori (Corresponding author). International Journal of Business Administration, Vol. 2. No. 3. Asif K., Jawad D. & Saad B. H. 2015. Analysis of the Recruitment and Selection Process. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg J. Xu et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 362:1361-1362 Astri, Ghina. 2012. The Influence of Corporate Culture on Organizational Commitment: Case Study of Civil Government Organizational in Indonesia. Internasional Journal of Basic and Applied Science, Vol. 01. No. 02. (hlm. 167). Atanasiu, Vlad. 2004. State Of The Art In Handwriting Analysis Software. Research Conducted For The Benefit Of The Commission For Scientific Visualization Austrian Academy Of Sciences. (hlm. 16-20). Atmosuprapto, Kisdarto, 2000. Menuju SDM Berdaya Dengan Kepemimpinan Efektif dan Manajemen Efisien. Cetakan Ke 2. Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo Kelompok Gramedia Avolio, Bruce J. avolio, Weichun zhu, William koh, & Puja Bhatia. 2004. Transformational leadership and Organizational Commitment: mediatingrole of psychological empowerment andmoderating role of structural distance. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 25. (hlm. 951–968). Awang, Zainudin, Junaidah Hanim Ahmad. 2010. Modelling Job Satisfaction And Work Commitment Among Lecturers: A Case Of Uitm Kelantan. Journal Of Statistical Modeling And Analytics,Vol. 1 No. 2. (hlm 45-59). Axley, Lawrette. 2008. Competency: A Concept Analysis, Volume 43, No. 4. (hlm. 214-222). Azmi, Ilhaamie Abdul Ghani, Zainal Ariffin Ahmad and Yuserrie Zainuddin. 2009. Competency-Based Pay and Service Quality: An Empirical Study Of Malaysian Public Organisations. Asian Academy Of Management Journal, Vol. 14, No. 1. (hlm. 21-36). ----------, Zainal Ariffin Ahmad, & Yuserrie Zainuddin. 2009. The Effects of Competency Based Career Development and Performance Management Practices on Service Quality: Some Evidence from Malaysian Public Organizations. International Review of Business Research Papers, Vol.5 No. 1 January 2009. (hlm. 97-112). Babetski, Frank J. 2012. Thinking, Fast and Slow. Intelligence in Public Literature, Studies in Intelligence, Vol. 56, No. 2. Baggett, Bart A, 2015. Handwriting Analysis 101: A Complete Basic Book to Scientific Handwriting Analysis & Graphology. Dallas: Empresse Publishing Bakar, Hassan Abu, Che Su Mustaffa. 2006. Relationship Between Superior-Subordinate Relationships Quality and Group Commitment: The Mediating Factor Of Superior-Subordinate Communication. Jurnal Komunikasi, Malaysian Journal Of Communication,Vol. 24. (hlm. 20-33) Băncilă, Violeta Gabriela. 2012. The Forensic Importance of Handwriting Pathology In Major Psychiatric Disorders. International Journal of Criminal Investigation, Vol. 2, No.3. (hlm. 209-219). Bangerter, Adrian, Cornelius J. Konig, Sandrine Vlatti & Alexander Salvisberg. 2009. How Widespread Is Graphology In Personnel Selection Practice A Case Study Of A Job Market Myth. International Journal Of Selection And Assessment, Vol. 17. No. 2. Bani-Hani, Jehad S., Faleh, Abdelgader AlHawary. 2009. The Impact of Core Competencies on Competitive Advantage: Strategic Challenge. International Bulletin of Business Administration. Issue 6. (hlm 93-104). Bar-Hillel, M., & Ben-Shakhar, G. 1986. The A Priori Case Against Graphology, In B. Nevo (Ed). Scientific Aspects of Graphology. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas. (hlm. 263-279). Bart, Baggett A. 2004. Handwriting Analysis Quick Reference Guide for Beginners. Empressé Publishing P.O. Box 720355 Dallas, TX Bawdon, F. 1993. ‘Expert Pioneers’, Supplement to Solicitors Journal, 3 (6):20-22 Bayne, R., & O'Neill, F. 1988. Handwriting And Personality: A Test of Some Expert Graphologists' Judgments. Guidance and Assessment Review,4, 1-3. Becker & Gerhart. 1996. The Impact of Human Resources Management on Organization Performance Progress and Prospects. The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 39, No.4:779-801. Beech, John R. & Isla C. Mackintosh. 2005. Do differences in sex hormones affect handwriting style? Evidence from digit ratio and sex role identity as determinants of the sex of handwriting. Personality and Individual Differences, Vol 39(2), Jul 2005, (hlm. 459-468). Begley, Thomas & Czajka, Joseph. 1993. Panel analysis of the moderating effects of commitment on job satisfaction, intent to quit, and health following organizational change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, (4) : 552-556. Beheshtifar, Malikeh, Mahmoud Nekoie Moghadam. 2011. Studying the Competency-Related Models in Succession Planning. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences Issue 34. (hlm. 113-121). Bell, R. 2010. Quantitative Tools For Qualitative Data. Prooceding ESRC Research Methods International Conference. Oxford. July. Bello, Shukurat Moronke. 2012. Impact of Ethical Leadership on Employee Job Performance. International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 3 No. 1. (hlm. 228-236). Belzile, Sylvie, et. al. 2010. Core Competencies For 21st Century CARL Librarians. Canadian Association of Research Libraries. (hlm. 3-8). Ben-Zvi, Abraham. 1979. The Study of Surprise Attacks. British Journal of International Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2, July:129-149. Bennet, Bruce. 2009. Secret Agents and the Search for Truth. The Journal of the European Association of Studies on Australia, Vol. 1. Berberoglu, A. 2018. Impact of organizational climate on organizational commitment and perceived organizational performance: empirical evidence from public hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 18, 399. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3149-z Bernardin, John H & Joyce A. Russel. 1998. Human Resources Management: An Experimental Approach. New Jersey: International Editions Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall. Ben-Shakhar, G. 1989. Non-Conventional Methods In Personnel Selection. In P. Herriot (Ed.), Assessment And Selection In Organizations. Chichester, England: Wiley. (hlm. 469-485). ----------, Bar-Hillel, M., Bilu, Y., Ben-Abba, E., & Flug, A. 1986. Can Graphology Predict Occupational Success? Two Empirical Studies And Some Methodological Ruminations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71. (hlm. 645-653). Bergmann, T. J., Lester, S. W., De Meuse, K. P., & Grahn, J. L. 2000. Integrating the three domains of employee commitment: An exploratory study. Journal of Applied Business Research, 16, (hlm. 15-26). Bertoncelj, Andrej, & Darko Kovac. 2008. A Conceptual Model of Individual Competency Components As One of The Predictors of Success In Mergers and Acquisitions. Zb. rad. Ekon. fak. Rij. Vol. 26. No. 2. (hlm. 215-237). Bethell-Fox, Charles E. 2003 Competency-Based Recruitment And Selection. Jurnal Pengurusan Awam Jilid 2 Bilangan 1 Januari 2003:10-22. Bezine, Hala, Alimi, Adel M. & Sherkat, Nasser. Generation and Analysis Of Handwriting Script With The Beta-Elliptic Model. I.J. Of Simulation. Vol. 8. No. 2. (hlm. 45-65). Bhatti, Waheed Akbar, Sidra Waris, Arshad Zaheer, Kashif -Ur-Rehman. 2011. The Effect Of Commitment And Motivation On Human Talent And Its Contribution To Organizational Performance. Management & Marketingchallenges For The Knowledge Society. Vol. 6. No. 3. (hlm. 471-482). Bishop, J. W., & Scott, K. D. 2000. Organizational and Team Commitment In A Team Environment. Journal of Applied Psychology. Blankers, Vivian and Ralph Niels. 2007. Writer identification by means of loop and lead-in features. Proceedings of the 1st NSVKI Student Conference, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, June 22, 2007. (hlm. 37-43) Blau, G., & Boal, K. 1987. Conceptualizing how job involvement and organizational commitment affect turnover and absenteeism. Academy of Management Review. Bohlander, George., & Scott Snell. 2010. Principles of Human Resource Management, 15th ed. Mason, OH: South Western – Cengage Learning. Boon & Van der Klink. 2002. Competencies: the triumph of a fuzzy concept.Academy of Human Resource Development Annual Conference, Honolulu, HA, 27 February–3 March, in: Proceedings, Vol.1. (hlm. 327–334). Bora Uğurlu, Rembiye Kandemir, Aydın Carus, & Ercan Abay. An Expert System for Determining the Emotional Change on a Critical Event Using Handwriting Features. TEM Journal. Volume 5, Issue 4, November 2016. Pages 480-486, Boyatzis, Richard E. 2008. Competencies In The 21st Century. Journal of Management Development. Vol. 27. No.1. (hlm. 5-12). Brannen, Julia. 1997. Memadu Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif. Penterjemah Imam Safe’i. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Tarbiyah IAIN Antasari Samarinda bekerja sama dengan Pustaka Pelajar. Brewe, F. Jane. 1999. Graphology. Complementary Therapiesin Nursmg & Midwifery Vol. 5, HarcourtBrace& Co. Ltd (hlm. 6-14) Brickman, P. 1987. Commitment, Conflict, And Caring. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Brink, A.A.,, J. Smit , M.L. Bulacu, & L.R.B. omaker. 2012. Writer identification using directional ink-trace width measurements. Journal Pattern Recognition, Volume 45 Issue 1, January, 2012 Elsevier Science Inc. New York, NY, USA (hlm. 162-171) Broschk, S. 2003. Graphology and Personality: A correlational analysis. Unpublished Master’s dissertation, Johannesburg: Rand Afrikaans University. Brown, R.B. 1996. Organizational commitment: Clarifying the concepts and simplifying the existing construct typology. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 49, 230-251. Brown, Chris, Roberta George-Curran And Marian L. Smith. 2003. The Role Of Emotional Intelligence In The Career Commitment And Decision-Making Process. Journal Of Career Assessment. (hlm.379-392). Buchanan. 1974. Building Organizational Commitment: The Socialization of Managers in Work Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19 : 533-546. Buhrmester, Duane, et. al. 1988. Five Domains of Interpersonal Competence in Peer Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Vol. 55, No. 6. (hlm. 991-1008). Burgoyne, John. 1993. The Competence Movement: Issues, Stakeholders and Prospects. Personnel Management. 22:6-13. Burkett, Randy. 2013. An Alternative Framework for Agent Recruitment: From MICE to RASCLS, Six Principles of Agent Recruitment. Studies in Intelligence, Vol. 57, No. 1. Burns, R. 2000 Introduction to Research Methods, London, Sage Burr & Girardi. 2002. Complexity And Knowledge Management. Bandung: Gramedia Pustaka. Butteriss, M. (ed). 1998. Re-inventing HR.Changing roles to create the high-performance organization. Canada, Etobicoke: John Wiley & Sons. Bytyqi, Fisnik, Vllaznim Reshani, Vyrtyt Hasani. 2010. Work Stress, Job Satisfaction And Organizational Commitment Among Public Employees Before Privatization. European Journal Of Social Sciences,Vol. 18. No 1. (hlm. 156-162). Caldwell, et al. 1990. Building Organizational Commitment: A Multifirm Study. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63 : 245-261. Caliskan, Esra Nemli. 2010. The Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance. Journal of Naval Science and Engineering. Vol. 6. No.2. (hlm. 111). Carey, Rebekah E. 2011. Cultural Competence Assessment of Baccalaureate Nursing Students: An Integrative Review of the Literature. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science.Vol. 1. No. 9. (hlm. 258-266). Carrera, Francisco Viñals. 2016. Conference: Temperaments, More Topical Than Ever. Psychological Analysis of Handwriting. School of Doctoral Studies and Continuing Education – Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain/Europe) Carson, K.D. and Bedeian, A.G. (1994), “Career commitment: construction of a measure andexamination of its psychometric properties”. Journal of Vocational Behavior. Chadwick, B.A., Bahar, H.M. & Albrecht, S.L. 1984. Content analysis. In B.A.Chadwick et.al., Social Science Research Methods (pp. 239-257), New Jersey: Prentice –Hall Chadwick, et al. 1991. Metode Penelitian Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial. Semarang: IKIP Semarang. Champa H N, 2009. “ Rule Based Approach for Personality Prediction Through Handwriting Analysis”, 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Informatics and Signal processing, organized by Sai’s BioSciences Research Institute Pvt. Ltd Chang, 1999. An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. San Fransisco: McGraw Hill. Charles Bohlen Purba, Rafiani, & Hapzi Ali. 2018. The Influence of Competency, Organizational Commitment and Non Financial Compensation on Teacher Performance in SMAN 29 Jakarta. Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management (SJEBM) Mar, 2018; 5(3): 226-239 Chen, Siyuan and Sargur Srihari. 2008. Machine Print Filter For Handwriting analysis. University of New York. (hlm. 1-5). Chihi, Ines, Afef Abdelkrim and Mohamed Benrejeb. 2012. Analysis of Handwriting Velocity do Identify Handwriting Process from Electromyographic Signals. American Journal of Applied Sciences 9 (10) ISSN 1546-9239 (hlm. 1742-1756) Clark, P. B. & Wilson, J. Q. 1961. Incentive system: A theory of organization. Administrative Science Quarterly 6: 129- 166. Clark, Penny. 2010. Recruitment and Selection Practices in a Selected Organization. Journal of Management Practice. Vol.4 No. 1. (hlm.1-12). Coffie, Rosemary & Boateng, Kofi & Coffie, Frank. (2018). Achieving Organizational Commitment through HRM Practices: The Ghanaian Banking Sector Experience. International Journal of Business and Management. 13. 171. 10.5539/ijbm.v13n5p171. Cohen, et al. 1977. Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences, rev. edn. New York: Academic Press. Cohen, Aaron. 1999. Relationships Among Five Forms Of Commitment: An Empirical Assessment. Journal Of Organizational Behavior.Vol. 20. (hlm. 285-308). -------. 2003. Quality of Financial Reporting Choice: Determinants and Economic Consequences. Northwestern University Collins: Working Paper. Cohen, D. K., Raudenbush, S., & Ball, D. 2003. Resources, instruction, and research. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 25(2), 1-24. ----------, 2007. Commitment Before and After. An Evaluation and Reconceptualization of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Management Review.Vol. 17. (hlm. 344). Colarelli, S.M., & Bishop, R.C. 1990. Career Commitment -functions, correlates and management. Group & Organization Studies. (hlm. 159). Coleman, Alice. 1999. Proceedings Of The Sixth Symosium On Graphology. The British Institute Of Graphologist. Cole, Michael S., Heike Bruch. 2006. Organizational identity strength, identification, and commitment and their relationships to turnover intention: Does organizational hierarchy matter?. Journal of Organizational Behaviour. (hlm. 585–605) Coll, Ricard, Alicia Forn´ es, & Josep Llad´ os. 2009. Graphological Analysis of Handwritten Text Documents for Human Resources Recruitment. 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. (hlm. 1081-1085) Collier, David & James Mahoney. 1996. Insight and Pitfalls Selection Bias In Qualitative Research. World Politics. Vol. 49. No. 56-91. Cook, Allison Laura. 2008. Job Satisfaction and Job Perfomance Is The Relationship Spurious?. Texas A&M University. (hlm. 1-100). Cook, J.D. & Wall, T.D. (1980). New Work Attitude Measures Of Trust, Organizational Commitment and Personal Need Nonfulfillment. Journal of Occupational Psychology. Creswell, J.W. 2003. Research design. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Crineanu Iulia. Tanpa Tahun. The Writing of Criminal Minds Criminology and Handwriting Analysis. International Journal of Criminal Investigation, Vol. 1, Issue 4:163-175. Csirik, Janos, Gingl, Zoltan, Griechisch, &Erika. 2011. The Effect of Training Data Selection and Sampling Time Intervals on Signature Verification. Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Automated Forensic Handwriting Analysis (Afha). (hlm.6-10). Dale, Timpe. 2003. Kinerja; Penerjemah, Sofyan Cikmat, Seri 6: Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo. Daniel, Donald C., & L. Herbig, Katherine. 1982. Strategic Military Deception. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Danim. 2002. Menjadi Peneliti kualitatif. Bandung: Pustaka Setia. Danish, Rizwan, Qaiser Yasin Munir. 2011. The Impact Of Motivation On Employee’s Commitment: Evidence From Public And Private Sector Of Pakistan. World Review Of Business Research. (hlm. 1-11). ----------, Rizwan, Qaiser Saif-Ur-Rehman and Yasin Munir. 2012. The Impact Of Motivation On Employee’s Commitment: Evidence From Public And Private Sector Of Pakistan. World Review Of Business Research Vol. 2. No. 1. (hlm. 109 – 118). De Waal, Andre A. 2010. Performance-Driven Behavior as the Key to Improved Organizational Performance. Measuring Business Excellence. Vol.14. No. 1. (hlm. 114-128) DeCottis, T.A. and Summers, T.P. 1987. A Path Analysis of a Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Organizational Commitment. Human Relations, 40:445-470. Deist, Francoise Delamare Le, & Jonathan Winterton. 2005. What Is Competence?. Human Resource Development International.Vol. 8. No. 1. (hlm. 27-46). Dennis, J., & Swinth, Y. 2001. Pencil grasp and children‘s handwriting legibility during different-length writing tasks. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55(2), (hlm. 175-183). Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. 1989. Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials. London: Sage. Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. 2005. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (3rd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Derous, Eva, Karel De Witte, & Rob Stroobants. 2003. Testing the Social Process Model on Selection through Expert Analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. Dessler, Gary. 2011. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Penerbit Indeks. Dey, T. 2012. Predictors of organizational commitment and union commitment: A conceptual study. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11:62-75. Draganidis, Fotis, and Gregoris Mentzas. 2006. Competency based management: a review of systems and approaches. Information Management & Computer Security.Vol. 14. No. 1. (hlm. 51-64). Dubois. 1993. Competency-Based Performance Improvement: A Strategy for Organizational Change. Amherst, MA: HRD Press, Inc. Dulewicz, Victor, And Peter Herbert. 1999. Predicting Advancement To Senior Management From Competencies And Personality Data: A Seven-Year Follow-Up Study. Brittish Journal Of Management.Vol.10. (hlm. 13-22). E, Neter, and Ben-Shakhar, G. 1989. The predictive validity of graphological inferences: A meta-analytic approach. Personality and Individual Differences,Vol. 10. No. (hlm. 737-745). Eddleston, Kimberly A., Robert M. Morgan, Torsten M. Pieper. 2011. Journal Of Family Business Strategy – Special Issue“Trust And Relationship Commitment In Family Business”. Journal Of Family Business Strategy.Vol. 2. (hlm. 113). Edwards. 1979. The Organization of Power. Foreign Affairs, 55 (1):230. Ehigie, Benjamin Osayawe & Rebecca Ibhaguelo Ehigie. 2005. Applying Qualitative Methods in Organizations: A Note for Industrial/ Organizational Psychologist. The Quantitative Report. September 2005. Vol. 10. No. 3. (hlm. 2.) Ehrman, John. 2016. Near and Distant Neighbors: A New History of Soviet Intelligence. Intelligence in Public Media, Studies in Intelligence, Vol. 60. No. 1. (hlm. 98-111) Eichelberger, R.T. 1989. Disciplined inquiry: Understanding and doing educational research. New York: Longman. Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. 1990. Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(1):51-59. Ellström, P-E. 1997. The many meanings of occupational competence and qualification. Journal of European Industrial Training. Elizabeth, Vatchkova. 2004. Competence-Based Human Resource Management Training. Report at the international conference on “HRM in a Knowledge-Based Economy. (hlm 1-17). Elstein AS, Shulman LS, Sprafka SA. Medical Problem Solving. An Analysis of Clinical Reasoning.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1978. Eslami, Javad, and Davood Gharakhani. 2012. Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction. ARPN Journal of Science and Technology.Vol. 2. No. 2. (hlm. 85-91). Expectation-Based & Data-Based Illusory Correlation: The effects of confirming versus disconfmning evidence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26.(hlm. 899-913). Eysenck & Gudjonsson. 1989. Perspectives on individual differences. The causes and cures of criminality. New York, NY, US: Plenum Press. F., Landy. J. 1989. Psychology of Work Behavior (4th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks Cole. Faculty of Handwriting University International. 2012. Handwriting Analysis 101. Empressé Publishing. (hlm. 1-71). Fakhrzad, Mohammad Bagher. 2012. Career Road Strategy Model, Complementary of Competency Models and Strategic Job Analysis. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Vol. 3. No.2. (hlm. 125-143). Farooq, Mubashar, & Muhamamd Aslam Khan. 2011. Impact of Training and Feedback on Employee Performance. Far East Journal of Psychology and Business. Vol. 5. No. 1. Filstead, W. J. 1970. Qualitative methodology: firsthand involvement with the social world. Chicago: Markham. Fischer, Ronald & Agnela Mansell. 2009. Commitment Across Cultures: A Meta-Analytical Approach. Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 40, Issue 8:1339-1358. Fisher, Janet, Anish Maredia, Anita Nixon, Nerissa Williams, and Jonathan Leet. 2012. Identifying Personality Traits, and Especially Traits Resulting in Violent Behavior through Automatic Handwriting Analysis. Proceedings of Student-Faculty Research Day, CSIS, Pace University, May 4th, 2012 Fisher, C.D., Schoenfeldt, L.F., & Shaw, J.B. 2004. Human Resource Management, Fifth Edition. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin, Flick. 2002. An Introduction to Qualititative Research. London: Sage Publication. Filstead, W. (ed.). 1970. Qualitative Sociology. Chicago: Markham. (hlm. 6.) Franke, Katrin dan Mario Koppen. 2004. A computer-based system to support forensik studies on handwritten documents‖, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, (hlm. 1-13) Furnham, Adrian, Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic & Ines Callahan. 2003. Does Graphology Predict Personality And Intelligence?.Journal Of Individual Differences Research. ----------,1988. Write and Wrong: The Validity of Graphological Analysis. The Skeptical Inquirer, Vol.13.No.64-69. ---------- &,Gunter, B. 1987. Graphology and Personality: Another Failure to Validate Graphological Analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 8. No.433-435. Gangani, McLean, & Braden. 2006. A Competency-Based Human Resource Development Strategy. Performance Improvement Quarterly. Garavan, T. & McGuire, D. 2001. Competencies & Workplace Learning: Some Reflections On The Rhetoric & The Reality. Journal of Workplace Learning.Vol. 13. No. 4. (hlm. 144-164). Garbarino, Ellen, Mark S. Johnson. 1999. The Different Roles Of Satisfaction, Trust, and Commitment In Customer Relationships. Journal Of Marketing, Vol. 63. No. 2. (hlm. 70-87). Gardner, H. 1997. Is there a moral intelligence? In M. Runco (Ed.), The creativity research handbook. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press. Gatewood, R. D., & Feild, H. S. 2001. Human Resource Selection (5th Ed.). New York: Harcourt. Gaudiano, Brandon A. 2011. Evaluating Acceptance And Commitment Therapy: An Analysis Of A Recent Critique. The International Journal Of Behavioral Consultation And Therapy,Vol. 7. No. 1. (hlm. 55–67). Gershon, Ben-Shakhar, Bar-Hillel, Maya, Bilu, Yoram, et al. 1986. Can graphology predict occupational success? Two empirical studies and some methodological ruminations. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 71, 4. (hlm. 645-653). Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies For Qualitative Research (Reprinted 2006 ed.). London (U.K.): Aldine Transaction. (hlm. 37-38). Gluhchev, Georgi. Handwriting in Forensic Investigations. International Journal “Information Theories & Applications”, Vol. 11. (hlm. 42-46). Godlewska, Marta. 2011. Event Planners’ Ratings of Destination Selection Variables: A Comparison between Members of Three Professional Association Groups. Proquest Information and Learning Company. Goldberg, L.R. 1986. Some Informal Explorations and Ruminations About Graphology In B. Nevo (Ed.). Handbook of Scientific Aspects of Graphology. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, No. 281-293. Goldviher, Roman, & Lucas. 1952. Handwriting, A Key to Personality. Pantheon Books, N.Y. Goleman, D. 2002. An EI-based theory of performance. In D. Goleman, & C. Cherniss (eds.), The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace: How to Select for, Measure, and Improve Emotional Intelligence in Individuals, Groups, and Organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Goodenough. 1945. Sex Differences in Judging the Sex of Handwriting Journal of Social Psychology. 22 : 61-68. Goodie, Adam S., and Diana L. Young. 2007. The Skill Element In Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Control Or Competence?. Judgment and Decision Making,Vol. 2. No. 3. (hlm. 189–203). Goodmand, Michael S. & Sir David Omand. 2008. What Analysts Need to Understand: The King’s Intelligence Studies Program. Teaching Intelligence Analysts in the UK, Studies in Intelligence, Vol. 52. No. 4. Gopalia, Aakash. 2011. Effectiveness of Online Recruitment and Selection Process: A Case Of Tesco. Oxford Brookes University. Goulet, L.R. & Singh, P. 2002. Career Commitment: A Re-examination and an Extension.Journal of Vocational Behaviour. Graff Wilson, Miriam. 1986. Graphology in Personnel Selection - Modern Handwriting Analysis Could Prevent You From Hiring A Rotten Apple, Construction Dimensions Jurnal. Greenberg & Baron. 1997. Behavior In Organizations Understanding And Managing The Human Side Of Work. ----------,T. Clifton, Narasimhan Jegadeesh, & Yue Tang. 2007. Gender and Job Performance: Evidence from Wall Street. National Bureau of Economic Research. Greiling, Dorothea. 2006. Performance Measurement: A Remedy for Increasing the Efficiency of Public Services? International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 55. No. 6. Grewal, Parmeet Kaur, & Deepak Prashar. 2012. Behaviour Predection Through Handwriting Analysis. Iternational Journal of Computer Sciences and Technology, Vol. 3. No. 2. Griffin, Mark A., Andrew Neal & Matthew Neale. 2000. The Contribution of Task Performance and Contextual Performance to Effectiveness: Investigating the Role of Situational Constraints. Applied Psychology: An International Review, Vol. 49. No. 3. Griffeth, R.W., et al. 2000. ‘A Meta analysis of Antecedents and Correlates of Employee Turnover, Update, Moderator Tests, and Research Implications for the Next Millennium’. Journal of Management. Grossman, Robert J. 2007. New Competencies For HR. HR Magazine,Vol. 52, No. 6. (hlm. 1-4). ----------, Ricky W, Thomas C, & Head. 1987. Practicing: Management Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Guest, D E. 1999. Human Resource Management: The Workers’ Verdict. Human Resource Management Journal. Guinet, Eric, Kandel, & Sonia. 2010. Ductus: A Software Package for The Study Of Handwriting Production. Behavior Research Method, Vol. 42.No.1. (hlm. 326-332). Gustafsson, Anders, Michael D. Johnson, and Inger Roos. 2005. The Effects Of Customer Satisfaction, Relationship Commitment Dimensions, And Triggers On Customer Retention. Journal Of Marketing,Vol. 69. (hlm. 210–218). Hafer, John C., Thomas N. Martin. 2006. Job Involvement Or Affective Commitment: A Sensitivity Analysis Study Of Apathetic Employee Mobility. Institute Of Behavioral And Applied Management. (hlm. 2-19) Hailesilasie & Gebregziabher. 2009. Determinants of Public Employees’ Performance: Evidence from Ethiopian Public Organizations. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 58. No. 3. Hall, Douglas T, Benjamin Schneider, & Harold T. Nygren. 1970. Personal factors in organizational identification. Administrative Science Quarterly 15 (2):176-190. ------- & Benjamin Schneider. 1972. Correlates Of Organizational Identification As A Function Of Career Pattern And Organizational Type. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17:3, 340-350. Hamid & Loewenthal. 1996. Inferring gender from handwriting in Urdu and English. The Journal of Social Psychology, 136 (6):778-782. Hamilton, Lee. 2006. The Hard Truth of Writing Laws. State Legislatures,Vol. 32. No. 2.(hlm. 17). Harris, Russell. 2006. Embracing Your Demons: An Overview Of Acceptance And Commitment Therapy. Psychotherapy In Australia,Vol. 12. No 4. (Hlm 2-8). Hartley. 1991. Sex differences in handwriting: A comment on spear. British Educational Research Journal, 17:141-145. Hauenstein, Patrick. 2005. Employee Selection: Part 1-Candidate Pre-Screening and Testing What We Know, Best Practices, and Future Trends. Navient Corporation. Havel, et al. 1985. The Power of the Powerless; Citizens Against the State in Central-Eastern Europe. London: Armonk. Hayati, Z. 2008. Competency Definition For Iranian Library And Information Professionals In Public Libraries. International Journal Of Information Science And Technology,Vol. 6. No.1. (hlm. 73-86). Hayes, J. R. 1996. A new framework for understanding cognition and affect in writing. In C. M. Levy & S. Ransdell (Eds.), The science of writing: Theories, methods, individual differences, and applications (pp. 1-27). Hillsdale, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., et al. 2006. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, Processes and Outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy. Helm, Corey, Courtney L Holladay, Frank R Tortorella, Candio, & Christine. 2007. The Performance Management System: Applying and Evaluating a Pay-For-Performance Initiative. Journal of Healthcare Management, Vol. 52. No. 1. Hoffman. 1999. The Meaning of Compentence. A Journal of Industrial Planning, Vol. 23. Iss: 6.(hlm. 281). Holland, Barbara. 1997. Analyzing Institutional Commitment To Service: A Model Of Key Organizational Factors. Michigan Journal Of Community Service Learning. (hlm. 31-41). Holmes, Ruth Elliott. Graphological Typology for Visionaries. Journal of the American Society of Professional Graphologists. (hlm. 1-10). Holt. 1993. Management: Concept and Practices. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs. Hooper, M. A., & Stanford, K. S. 1992. A script for screening. Security Management, 36, (hlm. 72-77). Hotepo, O. M. Empirical. Study of the Effect of Conflict on Organizational Performance in Nigeria. Business and Economics Journal, Volume 2010. (hlm.2). Hou, Yubo, Ge Gao, Fei Wang, et al. 2011. Organizational Commitment and Creativity: the Inuence of Thinking Styles. Annals Of Economics And Finance, Vol. 12. No. 2. (hlm. 411-431). Hrebiniak, Lawrence G. & Joseph Alutto. 1972. Personal and Role-Related factors in The Development Of Organizational Commitment .Administrative Science Quarterly. (hlm. 556). Huselid, Mark. A., Brian E. Becker. 1995. The Strategic Impact Of High Performance Work Systems. Departement Of Human Resource Management. (hlm. 2). ----------, Nancy E. Day. 1991. Organizational Commitment, Job Involvement, and Turnover: A Substantive and Methodological Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol. 76. No. 3.9. (hlm. 380-391). Ida Ayu Oka Martini, I Ketut Rahyuda, Desak Ketut Sintaasih, & Putu Saroyeni Piartrini . 2018. The Influence of Competency on Employee Performance through Organizational Commitment Dimension. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM). Volume 20, Issue 2. Ver. VIII (February. 2018: 29-37 Irefin, Peace & Mohammed Ali Mechanic. 2014. Effect of Employee Commitment on Organizational Performance in Coca Cola Nigeria Limited Maiduguri, Borno State. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR - JHSS) Vol. 19, Issue 3, Ver. I Maret 2014 : 33-41. Irigoin, Maria Etiennette, et. al. 2002. Mapping Competencies for Communication for Development and Social Change: Turning Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Into Action. Ismail, Rahmah, Syahida Zainal Abidin. 2010. Impact Of Workers’ Competence On Their Performance In The Malaysian Private Service Sector. Business and Economic Horizons (BEH),Volume 2. Issue 2. (hlm. 25-36). Iulia, Crineanu. Tanpa Tahun. The Writing of Criminal Minds Criminology and Handwriting Analysis. International Journal of Criminal Investigation, Volume 1 Issue 4 (halaman 163-175) Jaafar Muhamad. 2010. Kelakuan Organisasi. Malaysia: Leeds Publications (M) Sdn. Bhd. Jacobsen. 2000. Managing increased part-time: Does part-time work imply part-time Commitment. Managing Service Quality, Vol. 10, 3. :187-201. Jandagh, Gholamreza & Hasan Zarei Matin. 2010. Application of Qualitative Research In Management (Why, When And How). Iranian Journal of Management Studies (Ijms), Januari 2006,Vol. 3. No. 3. (hlm. 59-74.) Jaros, Stephen. 2007. Meyer And Allen Model Of Organizational Commitment: Measurement Issues. The Icfai 8 Journal Of Organizational Behavior, Vol. VI, No. 4.(hlm. 7-25). James, M., & Loewenthai, K. 1991. Handwriting Stereotypes for the Judgment of Depression. Journal of Social Psychology,Vol. 131. No.749-750. ----------, 2010. Chapter 2, Personality, Attitudes, and Work Behaviors. The Principle of Management. (hlm. 52). Jervis, Robert. 1968. Hypotheses on Misperception. World Politics, Vol. 20, No. 03 : 454-479. Johnson, MP. 1982. Social And Cognitive Features Of The Dissolution Of Commitment To Relationships. In Personal Relationships, (ed) S Duck, London: Academic Press Jokinen, Tiina. 2006. Global Leadership Competencies: A Review And Discussion. Journal Of European Industrial Training,Vol. 29. No.3. (hlm.199-216). Jordan, Mark H, & Mike Schraeder. Executive Selection in a Government Agency: An Analysis of the Department of the Navy’s Senior Executive Service Selection Process. Public Personnel Management, Vol. 32. No. 2 (hlm. 355). Julie A., Spohn. 1997. The Legal Implications of Graphology. Washington University Law Review, Vol. 75, Issue 3. Kamath, Vikram P., Navin Karanth, Vijay Desai, et al. 2011. Development of an Automated Handwriting Analysis System. Arpn Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Vol. 6. No. 9. (hlm. 135-140). Kanter. 1968. Commitment and social organization: A study of commitment mechanisms in Utopian communities. American Sociological Review, 33. (hlm. 504). Kappia, Joseph G., Andrew R.J. & Andrew D.F. Price. Using Qualitative Methods to Explore Career Development for Construction Operatives. In: Boyd, D (Ed) Procs 22nd Annual ARCOM Conference, 4-6 September 2006, Birmingham, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management. (hlm. 761-770). Karimnia, Amin, Shahram Salehi Zade. 2007. Communication strategies: English Language Departments in Iran. Iranian Journal of Language Studies (IJLS), Vol. 1. No. 4. (hlm. 287-300). Katz, David. Some Graphological Experiments With The Scriptochronograph. Stockholm: Psykologiska Instituted, VII : 1. -------. 1964. “The motivational basis of organizational behaviour”. Behavior Science. 9. (hlm. 131- 133). Kawulich, B.B. 2011. Gatekeeping: An ongoing adventure in research. Field Methods Journal, 23(1), 57-76. Keegan. 2009. Qualitative Research: Good Decision Making Through Understanding People, Cultures and Markets. London: Kogan Page Publishers.(hlm. 11). Keinan & Eilat-Greenberg. 1993.Can Stress be Measured by Handwriting Analysis? The Effectiveness of the Analytic Method. Applied Psychology:An International Review, 42. (hlm. 153–170). Kelompok Kerja Intelijen DCAF. 2007. Praktek-Praktek Intelijen dan Pengawasan Demokratis – Pandangan Praktisi. FES SSR, Vol. II. (hlm. 9, 46-78). Kemp, Phyllis E., 1967. Commitment And Job Satisfaction. Journal Of Cooprrative Extention. (hlm.171-177). Kerlinger, Fred N. 1992. Asas-Asas Penelitian Behavioral. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. Khan. 2008. Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations. 2nd ed. Dhaka: Abir Publications. Khan, Muhammad Riaz, Ziauddin, Farooq Ahmed Jam, &M. I. Ramay. 2010. The Impacts Of Organizational Commitment On Employee Job Performance. European Journal Of Social Sciences,Vol. 15. No. 3. (hlm. 292-298). King, Roy N. and Derek J. Koehler. 2000. Illusory Correlations in Graphological Inference. Jotmud of Experimental Psychology: Applied Copyright 2000 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 2000, Vol. 6, No. 4, (hlm. 336-348) Klara Goldzieher Roman. 1952. Handwriting: A Key to Personality. University Michigan: Panteon. Kleiman. 2005. Human Resources Management: A Managerial Tool for Competitive Advantage. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Biztantra. Komarrudin. 1990. Pengadaan Tenaga Kerja. Jakarta: CV Rajawali Koskosas, Ioannis, Nikolas Sariannidis, Nikolas Asimapoulus. 2010-2011. A Survey In Project Commitment In The Context Of Information Security. Journal Of Emerging Trends In Computing and Information Sciences, Vol. 2 No. 2. (hlm. 84-89) Krasnor, Linda Rose. 1997. The Nature of Social Competence. A Theoretical Review: Social Development, Vol. 6. No. 1 : 111-129. Kreitner & Kinicki. 2001. Organizational Behavior. Fifth Edition. Irwin: McGraw-Hill. Kringen, John A. 2015. Rethinking the Concept of Global Coverage in the US Intelligence Community. Keeping Watch on the Worl, Studies in Intelligence, Vol. 59. No. 3. Kuhn, T. S. 1962. The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kumar, Munish & Ahuja, Deepika. 2012. Handwritten Numerals Recognition using Hough Transformation Technique. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science. 3:118-120. Kuncel, Nathan R., Sarah A. Hezlett, & Deniz S. Ones. 2004. Academic Performance, Career Potential, Creativity, and Job Performance: Can One Construct Predict Them All? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 86. No. 1. Kvale. 1996. Interviews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Thousand Oaks California: Sage publications. Landon, Bruce E., A. James O’malley, & Thomas Keegan. 2009. Can Choice Of The Sample Population Affect Perceived Performance: Implications For Performance Assessment. J Gen Intern Med, Vol. 25. No. 2. Landon-Murray, Michael. 2015. How do Human Capital Officers and Analytic Managers View the State of Higher (Intelligence) Education? A Research Program to Build The Literature, Enhance Programs, and Improve Intelligence Analysis. Journal of Intelligence & Analysis, Vol. 22. No. 1. (hlm. 61). Landy, F. J. 1989. Psychology of Work Behavior (4th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks Cole. ------- & Conte, J.M. 2004. Work in the 21st century: An introduction to industrial and organizational psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Larkin, Ian, Lamar Pierce, & Francesca Gino. 2010. The Psychological Costs of Pay-For-Performance: Implications for the Strategic Compensation of Employees. Harvard Business School. Lau, Wai Kwan. 2012. The Impacts Of Personality Traits And Goal Commitment On Employees’ Job Satisfaction. Business And Economics Journal, Vol. 2012: BEJ-59. (hlm. 1-13). Laycock, S. W. 1994. Mind as Mirror and the Mirroring of Mind: Buddhist Reflections on Western Phenomenology. State University of New York (SUNY) Press. Leik & Leik, 1977. “Transition to Interpersonal Commitment." InBehavioral Theory in Sociology, ed. R. Hamblin and J. Kunkel. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Leonard. Kompetensi Tenaga Pendidik Di Indonesia: Analisis Dampak Rendahnya Kualitas SDM Guru Dan Solusi Perbaikannya. Jurnal Formatif 5(3): 192-201, 2015. Lepak, David P., Riki Takeuchi, & Scott A. Snell. 2003. Employment Flexibility and Firm Performance: Examining the Interaction Effects of Employment Mode, Environmental Dynamism, and Technological Intensity. Journal of Management, Vol. 29. No. 5. (hlm. 517–543). Lester, D., McLaughlin, S., Cohen, R., & Dunn, L. 1977. Sex-Deviant Handwriting, Femininity, And Homosexuality. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 45 : 1156. Letch, Nicole. 2004. Handwriting Analysis: The Forensic Psychologist In The Courtroom. Psychology in Action Australia: Macmillan Education. Leung. 1997. The Magic of Chinese Signature. Thesis for The Postgraduate Certificate of Psychology. University of Hong Kong: Department of Psychology: 1-16. Leung, Kwok. 1997. Relationships Among Satisfaction, Commitment, and Performance: A Group-level Analysis. Applied PsychologyVolume 46, Issue 2, (hlm. 199-205) Levinger, G. 1965. Marital Cohesiveness And Dissolution: An Integrative Review. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 27 : 19-28. -------, 1979. A Social Exchange View Of The Dissolution Of Pair Relationships. In R. L. Burgess & T. L. Huston (Eds.), Social Exchange In Developing Relationships (pp. 169-193). New York: Academic Press Levy. 1979. Handwriting and hiring. Dun's Review, 113 : 72–79. Lévy-Leboyer, C. & Sperandio J.C. 1987. Traité de psychologie du travail. Paris: PUF Ley, Tobias, Dietrich Albert. 2003. Identifying Employee Competencies in Dynamic Work Domains: Methodological Considerations and a Case Study. Journal Of Universal Computer Science,Vol. 9. No. 12. (hlm. 1500-1518). Limpornpugdee, Woraporn, Brian D. Janz, and Sandra M. Richardson. 2009. Communication Competence Factors As Moderators To The Relationship Between User Participation And Information Quality. Journal of Information Technology Management,Volume XX. Number 4. (hlm. 1-21). Lin G, Shen Q. 2007. Measuring the performance of value management studies in construction: Critical review. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 23, 1.(hlm. 2-9). Linfoot-Ham, Kerry. 2005. The Linguistics of Euphemism: A Diachronic Study of Euphemism Formation. Journal of Language and Linguistics Vol. 4 No. 2 2005 Littlejohn, Stephen J. 1996. Theories of Human Communication, 5th ed. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth. Locke, E. A„ Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. 1981. Goal setting and task performance; 1969- 1980. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 125-152. Long, Jamye E.Grounded Theory: Its Use In Recruitment And Retention. Journal Of Management And Marketing Research Long, Choi Sang, Wan Khairuzzaman Wan Ismail. 2008. Understanding the Relationship of HR Competencies & Roles of Malaysian Human Resource Professionals. European Journal of Social Sciences,Volume 7. Number 1. (hlm. 88-103). -------. 2009. The Effect of the Demographic Factors on the Competency of HR Practitioners in Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences,Volume 12. Number 1. (hlm. 21-30). Lopez, Elsa M. 1982. A Test of the Self-Consistency Theory of the Job Performance-Job Satisfaction Relationship. Academy Of Management Journal,Vol. 25. No. 2. Lotunani, Alamsyah, et al. 2014. The Effect of Competence on Commitment, Performance and Satisfaction with Reward as a Moderating Variable (A Study on Designing Work plans in Kendari City Government, Southeast Sulawesi). International. Journal of Business and Management Invention, Februari 2014 : 18-25. Lowe. 1999. The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Handwriting Analysis. New York: New York Alpha Books. Lucia & Lepsinger. 1999. The Art and Science of Competency Model. San Francisco: Jossey - Bass/Pfeiffer. Ludvianto, Bayu. 2011. Grapho For Succes-Analisis tulisan Tangan untuk Hidup yang Lebih Baik.Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka. Lund. 1985.The development of investment and commitment scales for predicting continuity of personal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2. (hlm. 3-23). Lustri, D., Miura, I. & Takahashi, S. 2007. Knowledge management model: practical application for competency development. The learning organization, 14. 2. (hlm. 186). M. Abdul Rahiman, Diana Varghese, Manoj Kumar G. 2013. HABIT: Handwrriten Analysis Based Individualistic Traits Prediction. International Journal of Image Processing, Vol. 7. No. 2. Madsen, C. K. 1970. Experimental research in music. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Malik, Muhammad Ehsan, Basharat Naeem. 2011. Impact Of Perceived Organizational Justice On Organizational Commitment Of Faculty: Empirical Evidence From Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal Of Research In Business,Vol. 1. No. 9. (hlm. 92- 98). Mangkuprawira, Tb. Sjafri. 2001. Manajemen Sumber daya Manusia Strategik. Jakarta : Ghalia Indonesia. Manosevitz, Jason. 2016. The Image of The Enemy-Intelligence Analysis of Adversaries Since 1945. Intelligence in Public Media, Studies in Intelligence, Vol. 60. No. 1. Maqbool, Fouzia, Ghulam Murtaza, and Atiq- Ur- Rehman. 2012. Moderating Role Of Organizational Commitment Between Job Satisfaction And Turnover Intentions. European Journal Of Scientific Research,Vol.82. No.4. (hlm. 564-571). Markovits, Yannis. 2011.Normative Commitment And Loyal Boosterism: Does Job Satisfaction Mediate This Relationship?. MIBES Transactions,Vol. 5. No.1. (hlm. 73-89). Marrelli, Anne F., Janis Tondora, and Michael A. Hoge. 2005. Strategies For Developing Competency Models. Administration and Policy in Mental Health,Vol. 32. No. 5/6. (hlm. 533-561). Marrin, Stephen & Jonathan D. Clemente. 2006. Modeling an Intelligence Analysis Profession on Medicine. International Journal of Intelligence and Counter Intelligence, 19; 642-665. Marsh & Mannari. 1977. Organizational Commitment and Turnover: A Prediction Study. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 22, No.1 : 57-75. Marshall, M. N., Manionn R., Melson E., Davies H. T. O. 2003. Managing Changes in The Culture of General Practice: Qualitative Case Studies and Primary Care Trus. BMJ 327. (hlm. 40). Martina, Königová, Urbancová Hana, and Fejfar Jiří. 2012. Identification of Managerial Competencies in Knowledge-based Organizations. Journal of Competitiveness,Vol. 4. Issue 1. (hlm. 129-142). Mathieu, John & M. Zajac, Dennis. 1990. A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences of Organizational Commitment. Psychological Bulletin:108. Mathis, R.L. & J.H. Jackson. 2006. Human Resource Management: Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Terjemahan Dian Angelia. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Mayer JD, Salovey P,& Caruso DR. 2000. Models of emotional intelligence. In Handbook of Intelligence, ed. RJ Sternberg. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press. (hlm. 336-420). ------- and Peter Salovey. 1997. What Is Emotional Intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. J. Sluyter (Eds.) Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence. New York: Basic Books. McDaniel, Michael A., & Et Al. Use Of Situational Judgment Tests To Predict Job Performance: A Clarification Of The Literature. Journal Of Applied Psychology, Vol.86. No. 4. McCarthy, M. 1988. Handwriting analysis as personnel tool. Wall Street Journal, Agust 25 Edition. (hlm. 17). McClelland, D. C. 1973. Testing for Competence Rather Than for Intelligence. American Psychologist, 28. (hlm. 1-14). McGee, M., & Ford, R. 1987. Two (or more?) dimensions of organizational commitment: Reexamination of the affective and continuance commitment scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 7. (hlm. 638-642). McFarlin, D. B., & Sweeney, P. D. 1992. Distributive and procedural justice as predictors of satisfaction with personal and organizational outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 35(3).(hlm. 626-637). McKenna, Eugene, & Nich Beech. 2002. Manajemen Sumber Day a Manusia, Edisi Satu, terjemahan Totok Budi Santosa. Yogyakarta: Andi. McNeal, James U. 1967. Graphology: A New Marketing Research Technique. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. IV (November 1967), (hlm. 363-367) McNeese & Smith. 1996. Increasing Employee Productivity, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. Hospital & Health Services Administration, Vol.4, 1. Melody, Waller LaPreze. 2016. Graphoanalysis: The What, Why, Who, How and Where is it Going, in Terms of Its Use in Business Decisions. The Journal of International Management Studies, Volume 11 Number 2, August, 2016 Missouri State University, USA (p.36-43) Mertens, D. 2009. Transformative research and evaluation. New York: The Guilford Press. Metin, Kaplan & Asli, Kaplan. 2017. The Relationship Between Organizational Commitment And Work Performance: A Case Of Industrial Enterprises. Journal Of Economic And Social Development (Jesd) Vol. 5, No. 1, March 2018:46-50. Meyer, J. P., Paunonen, V., Gellatly, I. R., Goffin, R. D., & Jackson, D. N. 1989. Organizational commitment and job performance: It’s the nature of the commitment that counts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, (1).(hlm. 152-156). --------, Allen, N.J., and Smith, C.A. 1993. “Commitment to organizations and occupations: extension and test of a three-component conceptualization”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 78.(hlm. 538-551). -------, and Allen N. 1997. “Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Application”. Sage Publications -------- and Herscovitch, L., 2001. Commitment in the workplace: Toward a general model.Human Resource Management Review. 11(hlm. 299-326). -------, Stanley, D.J., Herscovitch, L. and Topolnytsky, L. (2002). “Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: a meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences”.Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 61.(hlm. 20-52). -------, Becker T and Van Dick R (2006). “Social Identities and Commitments at Work: Toward an Integrative Model”.Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 27.(hlm. 665-683). -------, Elyse R. Maltin. 2010. Employee Commitment and Well-Being: A Critical Review, Theoretical Framework And Research Agenda. Journal Of Vocational Behavior,Vol. 77. (hlm. 323–337). Mickels, J. R. 1970. Handwriting Analysis in Personnel Selection. The Office,Vol.72.No.43-44. Miles, B.B. dan A.M. Huberman. 1992. Analisa Data Kualitatif. Jakarta: UI Press. Mitchell & Larson. 1987. People in Organization: An Introduction to Organization Behaviour. Singapore: Mc. Graw-Hill Book Co. Mitchell, T. R., Dowling, P. J., Kabanoff, B. V., & Larson, J. R. 1988. People in organizations: An introduction to organizational behaviour in Australia. Sydney: McGraw-Hill. Mitonga J.M., Flotman, A-P. & Cilliers, F. 2018. Job satisfaction and its relatonship with organisatonal commitment: A Democratc Republic of Congo organisational perspectve, Acta Commercii 18(1), a578:1-8 Mobley. 1979. Review And Conceptual Analysis of The Employee Turnover Process. Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 86 : 493-522. Moscoso, R., Andrea M., Ted Shir-Tau Tsai, Career Commitment and Organizational Commitment in for-Profit and non-Profit Sectors.2011. Int. J. Emerg. Sci., 1(3), (hlm.324-340) Mowday, R., Steers, R., & Porter, L. 1979. The Measurement of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14. (hlm. 224-247). Mowday, R., Porter, L. & Steers, R. 1982. Employee—Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover. New York: Academic Press. Muchinsky. 2003. Psychology Applied to Work. 7th edition. USA: Thomson Wadsworth. Mullins, LJ. 2005. Management and organizational behavior. 7th ed. Pearson International. Murthy, J. Varsha, and Shyam Singh. 2011. Comparison of Graphoanalysis with Blum’s Method in Prediction of Complete Denture Patient’s Mental Attitude - A Prospective Comparative Study. People’s Journal of Scientific Research,Vol. 4. No. 2. (hlm. 8-13). Musman, Asti. 2016. Trik Membaca Karakter Orang Lewat Tulisan Tangan. Yogyakarta: PsikoPedia. Nahapiet, J. and Ghoshal, S. 1998. Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage. Academy of Management Review. Vol. 23 2, (hlm. 242-66). Nankervis, Compton. 1998. Strategic Human Resources Management, 2nd Edition. Melbourne: Nelson. Nasution. 1996. Metode Penelitian Naturalistik-Kualitatif. (hlm. 9-11). Neter, E., & Ben-Shakhar, G. 1989. The predictive validity of graphological influences: A meta-analytic approach. Personality and Individual Differences,Vol.10. (hlm.737-745). Neuman, W.L. 1997. Social research methods: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Newstrom & Keith Davis. 2002. Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior At Work, Eight Edition. New York: McGraw – Hill. Niamathulla . S. K. 2012. Handwriting analysis using graphology. International Research Journal of Signal Processing Vol 03, Issue 01; January-April 2012, ISSN: 2249 – 6505. (hlm. 109-113) Ninh, Thoah Kim, &Et Al. 2010. Systematic Performance Measurement for University Libraries in Vietnam. Library Management, Vol. 31. No. 8-9. Noe Raymond, R Hollenbeck, Gerhart Barry & M Wright Patrick. 2008. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Noe Raymond, R Hollenbeck, Gerhart Barry & M Wright Patrick. 2010. Manjemen Sumber Daya Manusia: Mencapai Keunggulan Bersaing. (Edisi 6, Jilid 1). Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Noe, R.A., et.al. 2011. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management 4th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. Noor, Khairul Baharein Mohd, & Kamariah Dola. 2009. Job Competencies for Malaysian Managers in Higher Education Institution. Asian Journal of Management and Humanity Science,Vol. 4. No. 4. (hlm. 226-240). Nuraeni. 2013. Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi pada PT Atri Distribusindo Bandung). SMART – Study & Management Reseach. Vol. X, No. 3. Nzama, Liziwe, Marie De Beer, & Visser. 2008. Predicting work Performance through selection interview ratings and Psychological assessment. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, Vol. 34, No. 3:39-48 Ofori, Dan, &Majoreen Aryeetey. 2011. Recruitment and Selection Practices In Small and Medium Enterprises: Perspectives from Ghana. International Journal of Business Administration, Vol. 2. No. 3. Ogunsiji, Ayo. 2007. Aspect of The Phono-Grapological Design in Soyinka’s ‘Factoin’. Nebula, Vol. 4. No.3. Opara, Susan. 2013. A Phono-Graphological Study of Selected Narrative Discources. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, Vol. 2. No 5. O’Reilly & Chatman, 1986. Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behavior.Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 71,3.(hlm. 493). Ortega, Eva M. Pertusa, Josef Molina Azorın, & Enrique Claver Cortes. 2010. Competitive Strategy, Structure and Firm Performance: A Comparison of the Resource-Based View and the Contingency Approach. Management Decision, Vol. 48. No. 8. Osborne, S.P., Bovaird, T., Martin, S., Tricker, M., et al.1995. Performance management and accountability in complex public programmes. Financial Accountability and Management, 11, 1.(hlm. 19–37). Ow, Siew Hock, Kean Siang Teh & Li Yi Yee, 2005. An Overview On The Use Of Graphology As A Tool For Career Guidance. Cmu Journal, Vol. 4. No. 1. (hlm. 91-104). -------, 2005. An Overview of the Handwriting Analysis Systems in the Market. Cmu Journa,. Vol. 4. No. 2. (hlm. 231-238). Pablos, Patricia Ordonez de, & Miltiadis D. Lytras. 2008. Competencies And Human Resource Management: Implications For Organizational Competitive Advantage. Journal Of Knowledge Management,Vol. 12. No. 6.(hlm. 48-55). Paik, Yongsun, K. Praveen Parboteeah & Wonshul Shim. 2007. The Relationship Between Perceived Compensation, Organizational Commitment And Job Satisfaction: The Case Of Mexican Workers In The Korean Maquiladoras. The International Journal Of Human Resource Management. (hlm. 1768–1781) Peake, Hayden. 2016. Company Confessions: Revealing CIA Secrets. Intelligence in Public Media, Studies in Intelligence, Vol. 60. No. 1. Penbek, Sebnem, Dicle Yurdakul, &A. Güldem Cerit. 2009. Intercultural Communication Competence: A Study About The Intercultural Sensitivity Of University Students Based On Their Education And International Experiences. European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems. (hlm. 1-16). Penley and Gould. 1988. Etzioni's model of organizational involvement: A perspective for understanding commitment to organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Pidada, Sri Untari. 2001. Kompetensi Sosial dan Korelatnya. Jurnal Psikolog, Penerbit Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung. Vol 8. No. 2. (hlm. 24-35) Piotrowski, Chris, & Terry Armstrong. 2006. Current Recruitment and Selection Practices: A National Survey of Fortune 1000 Firms. North American Journal of Psychology,Vol. 8. No. 3. Poizner, Annette. 2004. Graphology in Clinical Practice . Psychologica, Volume 24, Number 1, Spring 2004. (hlm. 1-18) Pollack, M E, 1990. “Plans as Complex Mental Attitudes”, In: P.R.Cohen, J.Morgan and M.E.Pollack (eds.) Intentions in Communication MIT Press : 77-105. Porter, Steers, Mowday & Boulian. 1974. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology. Powell D & Meyer J .2004. Side-bet Theory and the Three-component Model of Organizational Commitment, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 65: 157-177. Putra, Chairuddin Surya, Harlen, & Machasin. 2014 Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda) Kota Dumai Jurnal Ekonomi Volume 22, Nomor 3 September 2014:16-32, Prachi Joshi, Aayush Agarwal, Ajinkya Dhavale, Rajani Suryavanshi, & Shreya Kodolikar. 2015. Handwriting Analysis for Detection of Personality Traits using Machine Learning Approach. International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 130 – No.15, November 2015: 40-45 Pradeep, J., E. Srinivasan & S. Himavathi. 2011. Diagonal based feature extraction for handwritten alphabets recognition system using neural network,” International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT), Vol 3: 27- 38. Prasad, Shitala, Singh, Vivek Kumar, And Sapre, & Akshay. 2010. Handwriting Analysis Based On Segmentation Method for Prediction of Human Personality Using Support Vector Machine. International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 8. No. 12: 25-29. Prin. Kamala Balasubramanian. 2014. The Significance of Recruitment in an Organization. Global Journal of Finance and Management. Volume 6, Number 8 : 735-738 Rafaeli, Anat, & Richard J. Klimoski, 1983. Predicting Sales Success Trough Handwriting Analysis: An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Training And Handwriting Sample Content. Journal Of Applied Psychology, Vol. 68. No. 2. Rahiman, M Abdul, Diana Varghese & Manoj Kumar G, “HABIT: Handwritten Analysis Based Individualistic Traits Prediction”, International Journal of Image Processing (IJIP), Volume 7. Issue 2. (hlm. 209-218) Rawat, Preeti S. 2011. Effect Of Psychological Empowerment On Commitment Of Employees: An Empirical Study. International Conference On Humanities, Historical And Social SciencesIped,Vol.17. (hlm 143-147). Razak, Arman Abdul, Jaafar, Mastura, Abdullah, Shardy, & Muhammad, Samsiah. Work Environment Factors and Job Performance: The Construction Project Manager’s Perspective. University Sains Malaysia. (hlm. 1-13). Richards, T. 2002. An intellectual history of NUD*IST and NVivo. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 5(3) : 199-214. Riduwan. 2010. Skala Pengukuran Variabel-variabel Penelitian. Bandung: Alfabeta. Rindjin, Ketut. 2004. Etika Bisnis dan Implementasinya. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama Risinger, D. Michael. 2007. Cases Involving The Reliability Of Handwriting Identification Expertise Since The Decision In Daubert. Tulsa Law Review Vol. 43:477. (hlm. 476-595) Robbins, Stephen P. 1990. Teori Organisasi: Struktur, Desain & Aplikasi. Jakarta: Arcan. -------, 1998. Organization Behavior, Concepts, Controvercies, Application, seventh edition. Englewood Cliffs. -------, 2001. Perilaku Organisasi, Konsep, Kontrovesi, Aplikasi. PT Prenhallindo, Jakarta Rodriguez, Hector P., &Et Al. 2009. The Effect of Performance-Based Financial Incentives on Improving Patient Care Experiences: A Statewide Evaluation. J Gen Intern Med. Vol. 24. No. 12. Roodt, G. 2004. Concept Redundancy and Contamination In Employee Commitment Research: Current Problems And Future Directions. SA Journal Of Industrial Psychology, 30(1) : 82–90. Rosmery Elsye, Dadang Suwanda dan Umuh Muchidin. 2016. Dasar-dasar Akuntansi Akrual Pemerintah Daerah. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia. Rothmann, S., & Coetzer, E. P. 2003. The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology,Vol. 29, 1.(hlm. 68-74). Rudowsky, Ira. 2004. Intelligent Agents. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Volume14 : 275-290 Ruky, Achmad S. 2002. Sistem Manajemen Kinerja (performance management system) Panduan Praktis untuk Merancang dan Meraih Kinerja Prima. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. (hlm. 6).