Determinants Of Goods And Services Tax (Gst) Compliance Among Smes: An Exploratory Study In Klang Valley

Tax is an opportunity for government to collect additional revenues needed in discharging its pressing obligations. Introduction of the Good and Service Tax (GST), to replace the Sales and Services Tax (SST) on 25 October 2013, took effect starting April 1st, 2015. Royal Malaysian Customs Department...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Intan Fairuz, Hasni
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/8169/1/s821434_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/8169/2/s821434_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.8169
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Saad, Natrah
topic HD60 Small Business.
spellingShingle HD60 Small Business.
Intan Fairuz, Hasni
Determinants Of Goods And Services Tax (Gst) Compliance Among Smes: An Exploratory Study In Klang Valley
description Tax is an opportunity for government to collect additional revenues needed in discharging its pressing obligations. Introduction of the Good and Service Tax (GST), to replace the Sales and Services Tax (SST) on 25 October 2013, took effect starting April 1st, 2015. Royal Malaysian Customs Department (RMCD) has been entrusted by the Ministry of Finance to manage all administration concerning GST. The current research was specifically conducted based on research objectives developed to determine the level of GST knowledge among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Klang Valley; and to examine the relationship between tax knowledge, tax attitude, complexity of the GST laws and GST compliance among SMEs in Klang Valley. This study examined the relationship between independents variables (IV) and dependent variable (DV) using a survey approach. Quantitative research design has been applied by distributing the questionnaires to the respondents and adopting the cross-sectional research design where the data collection was done at a single point in time. RMCD Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur and RMCD Selangor were selected as the context as both RMCDs were located in Klang Valley area. The statistical results exposed that there is high level of GST knowledge among SMEs in Klang Valley and also there is significant relationship between tax knowledge, tax attitude and complexity of GST laws with GST compliance among SMEs taxpayers. Thus, one of the major contributions of this study was to assist the RMCD in developing its tax education system and tax audit judgments in GST by deploying certain indicators.
format Thesis
qualification_name other
qualification_level Master's degree
author Intan Fairuz, Hasni
author_facet Intan Fairuz, Hasni
author_sort Intan Fairuz, Hasni
title Determinants Of Goods And Services Tax (Gst) Compliance Among Smes: An Exploratory Study In Klang Valley
title_short Determinants Of Goods And Services Tax (Gst) Compliance Among Smes: An Exploratory Study In Klang Valley
title_full Determinants Of Goods And Services Tax (Gst) Compliance Among Smes: An Exploratory Study In Klang Valley
title_fullStr Determinants Of Goods And Services Tax (Gst) Compliance Among Smes: An Exploratory Study In Klang Valley
title_full_unstemmed Determinants Of Goods And Services Tax (Gst) Compliance Among Smes: An Exploratory Study In Klang Valley
title_sort determinants of goods and services tax (gst) compliance among smes: an exploratory study in klang valley
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate 2018
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/8169/1/s821434_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/8169/2/s821434_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828341825601536
spelling my-uum-etd.81692021-04-22T00:25:14Z Determinants Of Goods And Services Tax (Gst) Compliance Among Smes: An Exploratory Study In Klang Valley 2018 Intan Fairuz, Hasni Saad, Natrah Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business HD60 Small Business. Tax is an opportunity for government to collect additional revenues needed in discharging its pressing obligations. Introduction of the Good and Service Tax (GST), to replace the Sales and Services Tax (SST) on 25 October 2013, took effect starting April 1st, 2015. Royal Malaysian Customs Department (RMCD) has been entrusted by the Ministry of Finance to manage all administration concerning GST. The current research was specifically conducted based on research objectives developed to determine the level of GST knowledge among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Klang Valley; and to examine the relationship between tax knowledge, tax attitude, complexity of the GST laws and GST compliance among SMEs in Klang Valley. This study examined the relationship between independents variables (IV) and dependent variable (DV) using a survey approach. Quantitative research design has been applied by distributing the questionnaires to the respondents and adopting the cross-sectional research design where the data collection was done at a single point in time. RMCD Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur and RMCD Selangor were selected as the context as both RMCDs were located in Klang Valley area. The statistical results exposed that there is high level of GST knowledge among SMEs in Klang Valley and also there is significant relationship between tax knowledge, tax attitude and complexity of GST laws with GST compliance among SMEs taxpayers. Thus, one of the major contributions of this study was to assist the RMCD in developing its tax education system and tax audit judgments in GST by deploying certain indicators. 2018 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/8169/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/8169/1/s821434_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/8169/2/s821434_02.pdf text eng public other masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Adhikari, A., Derashid, C., & Zhang, H. (2006). Public Policy, Political Connections, and Effective Tax Rates: Longitudinal Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 25, 574-595. Ajzen, I. (1991). Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. Alabede, J.O. (2012). An Investigation of Factors Influencing Taxpayers. Compliance Behavior: Evidence from Nigeria. PhD Thesis, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Alberto, G. N. (2014). Factors for Improving Tax Compliance Among Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania. The International Journal of Business & Management,2(10), 285 – 290 Alm, J. (1991). A Perspective on the Experimental Analysis of Taxpayer Reporting. The Accounting Review, 66(3), 577-93. Amanuddin, S., Muhammad, I.M.R., Afifah A.H., NurFatin, Z. & Nurul, F.M.F. (2014). Educators’ Awareness and Acceptance Towards Goods and Services Tax (GST) Implementation in Malaysia: A Study in Bandar Muadzam Shah, Pahang. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 4(1), 1-10. Atawodi, O.W. and Ojeka, S.A. (2012). Factors That Affect Tax Compliance among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in North Central Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(12), 88-96. BBS. (2012). Statistical Highlights of Economic Census, 2001 & 03, Bangladesh. Retrieved November 21, 2013, from http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfles/Image/Economic%20Census/h_b_new.pdf. Bidin, Z., Marimuthu, M. and Othman, M.Z. (2014). Understanding and Probable Area of Difficulty of Tax Agents towards the Proposed Goods and Service Tax in Malaysia. In: Knowledge Management International Conference 2014 (KMICe2014), 12-15 August 2014, Langkawi, Malaysia. Chan, C.W., Troutman, C.T., and O’Bryan, D. (2000). An Expanded Model of Taxpayer Compliance: Empirical Evidence from United States and Hong Kong. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 9(2), 83 –103. Chau G, and Leung, P. A (2009). Critical Review of Fischer Tax Compliance Model: A Research Synthesis. Journal of Accounting and Taxation, 1(2): 34-40. Chittenden, F., Kauser, S. and Poutziouris, P. (2003). Tax Regulation and Small Business in the USA, UK, Australia and New Zealand. International Small Business Journal, 21 (1), 93-115. Cialdini, R. B. (1989). Social Motivations to Comply: Norms, Values and Principles. In J. A. Roth, J. T. Scholtz & A. D. Witte (Eds.), Taxpayer Compliance: Social Science Perspectives. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 200-227. Cline, R.J. and Neubig, T.S. (1999). Masters of Complexity and Bearers of Great Burden: The Sales Tax System and Compliance Costs for Multistate Retailers. Ernst & Young Economics Consulting and Quantitative Analysis;8. Collins, J. H., Milliron, V. C., and Toy, D. R. (1992). Determinants of Tax Compliance: A Contingency Approach. Journal of the American Taxation Association, 14, 1–29. Damayanthi, J. and Low, K. (2016).Taxpayer Attitude and Tax Compliance Decision in Sri Lanka: How the Taxpayers’ Attitudes influence Tax Compliance Decision among Individual Taxpayers in Colombo City in Colombo District. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 124-135. Eagly, A. H., and Chaiken, S. (1993). The Psychology of Attitudes. Fort Worth, TX:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers. Erich, K., A. Niemirowski and A. Wearing (2006). Shared Subjective Views, Intent to Cooperate and Tax Compliance: Similarities between Australian Taxpayers and Tax Officers. Journal of Economic Psychology, 27(4): 502-517. Eriksen, K. and Fallen, L. (1996).Tax Knowledge and Attitudes towards Taxation;A Report on a Quasi-Experiment. Journal of Economic Psychology.17,387–402. Evans, C. and Tran-Nam, B. (2013). Towards the Development of a Tax System Complexity Index. UNSW Australian School of Business Research Paper,2013. Fatt, C.K., & Ling, L.M. (2006). Towards Goods and Services Tax in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study. Global Business & Economics Anthology, 1(December), 75-86. Field, A. (2009) Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. 3rd Edition, Sage Publications Ltd., London. Fischer, C.M., Wartick, M., and Mark, M.M. (1992). Detection Probability and Taxpayer Compliance: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Accounting Literature, 11, 1- 46. Forest, A., and Sheffrin, S.M. (2002). Complexity and Compliance: An Empirical Investigation. National Tax Journal, 55, 1, 75–88. Franzoni, L., (1999). Tax Evasion and Tax Compliance. Bourckaert, E. (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of Law and Economics (pp. 52-94), University of Bologna, Italy: Edward Elgar. George, D. and Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson. Gravetter, F. J. and Wallnau, L. B., "Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences" (2012).Brockport Bookshelf. 36. Guyton, J.L., Ohare, J.F., Stavrianos, M.P. and Toder, E.J. (2003) Estimating the Compliance Cost of the US Individual Income Tax. National Tax Journal;56(3):673-688. Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Seventh Edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Harris, T.D. (1989). The Effect of Type of Tax Knowledge on Individuals’Perceptions of Fairness and Compliance with the Federal Income Tax System. PhD Thesis, University of South Carolina. Hungerford, H. R. and Volk, T. (1990). Changing Learner Behavior through Environmental Education. Journal of Environment Education, 21(3), 8-17. Jackson. B.R., and Milliron, V.C. (1986). Tax Compliance Research: Findings, Problems, and Prospects. Journal of Accounting Literature 5, 125-165. James, S. and Alley, C. (2002). Tax Compliance, Self-Assesssment and Tax Administration. Journal of Finance and Management in Public Services,2(2), 27-42. Kerlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (2000). Foundations of behavioral research (4th ed.). Holt, NY: Harcourt College Publishers. Kirchler, E. (2007). The Economic Psychology of Tax Behaviour, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Kirchler, E., Hoelzl, E., and Wahl, I. (2008). Enforced versus voluntary compliance: The “slippery slope” framework. Journal of Economic Psychology, 29, 210-55. Lewis, W. (1982). The Economic Psychology of Value Added Tax Compliance.Journal of Economic Psychology, 5(2), 187-211, available at http://www.ctsi.anu.edu.au/publications/inx.html, accessed in May, 2011. Loo E.C. and Juan Hoo, K (2005). Competency of Malaysian Salaried Individuals in Relation to Tax Compliance under Self Assessment. eJournal of Tax Research, 3(1), 45-62. Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1996). The Maslach Burnout Inventory (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. McKerchar, M. (2001). The Study of Income Tax Complexity and Unintentional Noncompliance: Research Method and Preliminary Findings. ATAX. McKerchar, M. (2003). The Impact of Complexity upon Tax Compliance: A Study of Australian Personal Taxpayers. Australian Tax Research Foundation. McKerchar, M. (2005). The Impact of Income Tax Complexity on Practitioners in Australia. Australian Tax Forum, 20(4), 529-554. . Md Noor, R., & Matsuki, N. (2009). Book-Tax Difference and Value Relevance of Taxable Income: Malaysian Evidence. Journal of Financial Reporting & Accounting, 7(2), 19-40. Md Noor, R., M. Fadzillah, N. & Matsuki, N. (2010). Corporate Tax Planning: A Study on Effective Tax Rates of Malaysian Listed Companies. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 1(2), 189-193. Miller, A. J. (1993). Indeterminacy, Complexity, and Fairness: Justifying Rule Simplification in the Law of Taxation. Washington Law Review, 68(1),1-78. Misu, N. B. (2011). “A Review of Factors for Tax Compliance.” Economics and Applied Informatics. 1, 69-76. Mohamad Ali, R., Mohd Hanefah, B. and Mohd Noor, A. (2011). The Effects of Knowledge on Tax Compliance Behaviour. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(7); [Special Issue –April 2011]. Mohani, A. (2001). Personal Income Tax Non-Compliance in Malaysia. PhD thesis, Victoria University: Melbourne, Australia. Mohd, R. (2010). Tax Knowledge and Tax Compliance Determinants In Self Assessment System. A Thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, available at http://www.acta.uob.edu.au/asfc.html, accessed in March 2011. Mustafa, H. H. (1996). An Evaluation of the Malaysian Tax Administrative System and Taxpayers’ Perceptions towards Self Assessment System, Tax Law Fairness and Tax Law Complexity. Unpublished manuscript, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia. National Audit Office (NAO). (2015). Tackling tax fraud: how HMRC responde to tax evasion, the hidden economy and criminal attacks. Retrieved on 15 March 2016, from https://www.nao.org.uk/report/tackling-tax-fraud-howhmrcresponds-to-tax-evasion-the-hidden-economy-and-criminal-attacks/. Niemirowski, P., Wearing, A.J., Baldwin, S., Leonard, B. and Mobbs, C. (2002) The Influence of Tax Related Behaviours, Beliefs, Attitudes and Values on Australian Taxpayer Compliance. Is Tax Avoidance Intentional and How Serious an Offence is it? University of New South Wales, Sydney. Noami, F. and Joel, S. (2009). War and Taxation: When Does Patriotism Overcome the Free-Rider Impluse? The New Fiscal Sociology. Taxation in Coparative and Historial Perspectives, 143-156. Nunnally. (1978). C.(1978). Psychometric theory: New York: McGraw-Hill. Osundina C. K. and Olanrewaju G.O. (2013). Welfare Effects of Taxation on The Nigerian Economy. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention. 2 (8), 76-82. Oveson, W. V. (2000). National Taxpayer Advocate's Annual Report to Congress.Washington, DC: Office of Taxpayer Advocate. Oyedele, T. (2009). Tax Incentive as Tools for Compliance. Lagos: The Chartered Institute of Taxation of Nigeria Palil, M.R. & Ibrahim, M.A. (2011). The Impacts of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on Middle Income Earnests in Malaysia.World Review of Business Research.1(3). 192-206. Pallant, J. (2011) SPSS Survival Manual a Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis using the SPSS Program. 4th Edition, Allen & Unwin, Berkshire. Pavot, W.G.,Diener, E., Colvin, C.R. and Sandvik, E. (1991) Further Validation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale Evidence for the Cross-Method Convergence of Well-Being Measures. Journal of Personality Assess, 57, 149-161 Pope, J., & Abdul-Jabbar, H. (2007). Tax Simplification and Small Business in Malaysia: Past Developments and the Future. 19th Conference of Australian Tax Teachers Association, Brisbane. Porcano, T. M. (1988). Correlates of Tax Evasion. Journal of Economic Psychology,9, 47-67. Ramayah, T., Y. M. Yusoff, N. Jamaluddin and A. Ibrahim (2009). Apply the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to Predict Internet Tax Filling Intentions. International Journal of Manegement, 26(2), 272-284. Richardson G (2006). Determinants of Tax Evasion: A Cross-Country Investigation.J. Int. Acc. Auditing Taxation, 15, 150-169. Richardson, M., & Sawyer, A. (2001). A Taxonomy of the Tax Compliance Literature: Further Findings, Problems and Prospects. Australian Tax Forum, 16(2), 137–320. RMCD – Gentax System (2016) RMCD – GST Portal (2016) RMCD (2016). Annual Report for the year 2015 and 2016 RMCD (2016). GST Audit Department Report (one year) from 1 April 2015 to 30 Mac 2016. RMCD (2016). GST Audit Department Report from April 2015 to April 2016. Roscoe, J. T. (1975). Fundamental Research Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences.New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Saad, N. (2009). Fairness Perceptions and Compliance Behaviour: The Case of Salaried Taxpayers in Malaysia after Implementation of the Self-Assessment System. eJournal of Tax Research; 8(1): 32-63. Saad, N. (2011). Fairness Perceptions and Compliance Behaviour: Taxpayers'Judgments in Self-Assessment Environments. Doctor of Philosophy in Taxation, University of Canterbury. Saad, N. (2014). Tax Knowledge, Tax Complexity and Tax Compliance: Taxpayers’View. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences; 109, 1069-1075. Saira, L., M.A., Zariyawati, M.A & Yoke-May, L. (2010). An Exploratory Study of Goods and Services Tax Awareness in Malaysia. Political Managements and Policies in Malaysia. Universiti Utara Malaysia Sintok. 265-276. Sandford, C. (1995). Taxation Compliance Costs: Measurement and Policy. Bath,UK: Fiscal Publications. Sekaran, U. (2003) Research Methods for Business A Skill-Building Approach. 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York. Singh, P. (2003). Behavioral Intention of Tax Non Compliance Among Sole Proprietors. School of Business, Monash University Malaysia, Journal of Asian academy of management, 2(6), 47–56, available at www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol._2_No._6;_April_2003/15.pdf, accessed in May, 2011. Slemrod, J. and Sorum, N. (1985) The Compliance Cost of the US Individual Income Tax System. National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge,Mass, USA. Song, Y and Yarbrough, E. (1978). Tax Ethics and Tax Payers’ Attitudes. Journal of Asian Academy of Management, 38(5), 442-452, available at psycnet.apa.org/journals/zfp/216/4/209.html, accessed in March 2017. Tan, L.M. and Chin‐Fatt, C. (2000) "The Impact of Tax Knowledge on the Perceptions of Tax Fairness and Attitudes Towards Compliance", Asian Review of Accounting, 8(1), 44-58 The Star Online (Feb, 2017). GST New Compliance Drive. http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/02/20/gstnewcompliancedrive/ The Star Online (Mac, 2017). Customs Dept Issues 37556 GST Related Compounds.http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2017/03/08/customsdept-issues-37556-gst-related-compounds/#cQvOe2RF0iGeG3m7.99 Thomson, R. (2008). Strengthening Risk Management and Audit Strategies to Improve Compliance. Carribean Regional Technical Assistance Centre, Belize City. Tonderai, N., Severino, M., Denver, M. and Lilian, N. (2014). An Analysis of SMEs’ Attitudes and Practices Towards Tax Compliance in Zimbabwe.SAGE Open July-September, 1-6. Trivedi,V.U., Shehata, M., and Mestelmen, S. (2004). Impact on Personal and Situation Factors on Taxpayer Compliance: An Experimental Analysis.Journal of Business Ethics, 47(3), 175-197. Trochim, W.M. and Donnelly, J.P. (2006) The Research Methods Knowledge Base.3rd Edition, Atomic Dog, Cincinnati, OH. Vogel, J. (1974). Taxation and Public Opinion in Sweden: An Interpretation of Recent Survey Data. National Tax Journal, 27(4), 449-513. Yankelovich, S., & White, I. (1984). Taxpayer Attitudes Study: Financial Report.Public Opinion Survey Prepared for the Public Affairs Division, Internal Revenue Service, New York. Yusof, N.A.M., Ling, L.M. and Wah, Y.B. (2014). Tax Non-Compliance among SMCs in Malaysia: Tax Audit Evidence. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 5(2), 215-234.