The practice of Islamic social entrepreneurship concept among social entrepreneurs in Kedah

Islamic social entrepreneurship (ISE) concept is a composition of the principles in Islamic business and value creation to society. ISE is a concept that can alleviate poverty among society in this country because it creates an opportunities such as job and social welfare for the development of the...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Nurul Nadia, Kamarudin
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/8193/1/s820985_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/8193/2/s820985_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.8193
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Md Yusof, Syarifah
topic BP174 The practice of Islam
BP174 The practice of Islam
spellingShingle BP174 The practice of Islam
BP174 The practice of Islam
Nurul Nadia, Kamarudin
The practice of Islamic social entrepreneurship concept among social entrepreneurs in Kedah
description Islamic social entrepreneurship (ISE) concept is a composition of the principles in Islamic business and value creation to society. ISE is a concept that can alleviate poverty among society in this country because it creates an opportunities such as job and social welfare for the development of the society.There are among entrepreneurs who practicing business not in line with Shariah. Thus, this study will explore the practices of ISE concept among social entrepreneurs (SE) in Kedah. The practice of ISE are made up of two parts which is self-practice and social practice. This study is done by using qualitative methodology. Six informants, who are the SE in small medium enterprise (SME) and limited company has been interviewed in order to collect the data for this study. Data gathered was analysed using Miles and Huberman analysis. The results on the practice can be divided into two parts which is self-practice and social practice. Self-practice in ISE among the SE are in line with Shariah principle because most of all SE has a knowledge in aqidah, shariah and akhlaq as a Muslim SE. In term of social practice in ISE, limited company give more opportunity to society than SME in term of job opportunities. SE in SME gives more welfare to full fill the basic needs of society. Therefore, this study is hopefully will be able to contribute a better improvement in the practice of ISE, especially in term of social practice among SE in SME type business. It also will be able to help in guiding the SE to become proactive, innovative and creative to give more opportunities for the development of society.
format Thesis
qualification_name other
qualification_level Master's degree
author Nurul Nadia, Kamarudin
author_facet Nurul Nadia, Kamarudin
author_sort Nurul Nadia, Kamarudin
title The practice of Islamic social entrepreneurship concept among social entrepreneurs in Kedah
title_short The practice of Islamic social entrepreneurship concept among social entrepreneurs in Kedah
title_full The practice of Islamic social entrepreneurship concept among social entrepreneurs in Kedah
title_fullStr The practice of Islamic social entrepreneurship concept among social entrepreneurs in Kedah
title_full_unstemmed The practice of Islamic social entrepreneurship concept among social entrepreneurs in Kedah
title_sort practice of islamic social entrepreneurship concept among social entrepreneurs in kedah
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate 2018
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/8193/1/s820985_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/8193/2/s820985_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828347666169856
spelling my-uum-etd.81932021-04-28T07:32:56Z The practice of Islamic social entrepreneurship concept among social entrepreneurs in Kedah 2018 Nurul Nadia, Kamarudin Md Yusof, Syarifah Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business BP174 The practice of Islam HB615-715 Entrepreneurship. Risk and uncertainty. Property Islamic social entrepreneurship (ISE) concept is a composition of the principles in Islamic business and value creation to society. ISE is a concept that can alleviate poverty among society in this country because it creates an opportunities such as job and social welfare for the development of the society.There are among entrepreneurs who practicing business not in line with Shariah. Thus, this study will explore the practices of ISE concept among social entrepreneurs (SE) in Kedah. The practice of ISE are made up of two parts which is self-practice and social practice. This study is done by using qualitative methodology. Six informants, who are the SE in small medium enterprise (SME) and limited company has been interviewed in order to collect the data for this study. Data gathered was analysed using Miles and Huberman analysis. The results on the practice can be divided into two parts which is self-practice and social practice. Self-practice in ISE among the SE are in line with Shariah principle because most of all SE has a knowledge in aqidah, shariah and akhlaq as a Muslim SE. In term of social practice in ISE, limited company give more opportunity to society than SME in term of job opportunities. SE in SME gives more welfare to full fill the basic needs of society. Therefore, this study is hopefully will be able to contribute a better improvement in the practice of ISE, especially in term of social practice among SE in SME type business. It also will be able to help in guiding the SE to become proactive, innovative and creative to give more opportunities for the development of society. 2018 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/8193/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/8193/1/s820985_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/8193/2/s820985_02.pdf text eng public other masters Universiti Utara Malaysia al-Quran. Al-Alak, B. A. M., & Eletter, S. (2010). Islamic entrepreneurship: An ongoing driver for social change. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 1(12), 81-97. Al-Bukhari, Abu ‘Abd Allah Mu?ammad. (1997). The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih Bukhari (Vol. 1) (Muhammad Muhsin Khan, Trans.). Riyardh, Saudi Arabia: Darussalam Publisher and Distributor. Al-Ghazali, Abu ?amid Mu?ammad ibn Mu?ammad. (2015). Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din: The Revival of the Religious Sciences: Book 1(Vol. 1, 9789670526157) (Fazlul Karim, Trans.). Petaling Jaya, Selangor: Islamic Book Trust (IBT). Al-Maraghi, Ahmad Mustafa. (2001). Tafsir al-Maraghi. Beirut: Dar al- Fikr. Al-Maududi, Sayyid Abul A'la. (2007). Towards Understanding the Qur?an: Surahs 29- 32 (Vol. 8) (Zafar Ishaq Ansari, Ed.). Markfield, England: Islamic Foundation. Al-Qurtubi, Muhammad Ahmad al-Ansari. (671H). Al-Jami’ li Ahkam al-Quran. Cairo: Dar al-Hadith. Al-Syarbini, Muhammad al-Khatib. (1958). Mughni al-Muhtaj. Cairo: Matba`ah al-Halabi. A. Q. Muhammad. (1983). The Ethics of al-Ghazali: A Composite Ethics in Islam. Selangor: National University of Malaysia. Abdul Rahman Rosbi. (2010). Pengukuran keberkesanan agihan zakat: Perspektif Maqasid al-Syariah dan Tasawwur Islam. In Seventh International Conference. The Tawhidi epistemology Zakat and Economy. Bangi, Selangor. Abdullah Sudin. (2005). Profil Kemiskinan di Negeri Kelantan. Kelantan: Institut Penyelidikan Pembangunan Dan Pengkomersilan Universiti Teknologi Mara. Abeng, T. (1997). Business Ethics in Islamic Context: Perspectives of a Muslim Business Leader, Business Ethics Quarterly, 7(3), 47-54. Abu Husaini. (2013, July 08). The Concept of Rizq (Sustenance) In Islam. Retrieved November 17, 2017, from https://lightforlearner.wordpress.com/2013/07/09/the- concept-of-rizq-sustenance-in-islam/ Abu ?Iyad Amjad Rafiq. (2014). The Ways of Acquiring Sustenance (1st ed.). Birmingham, United Kingdom: Salafi Publications. Ahmad, K. (2009). Leadership and work motivation from the cross cultural perspective, International Journal of Commerce and Management, 19(1), 72 – 84. Ahsin, W. A. (2008). Kamus Ilmu Al Qur’an. Jakarta: AMZAH. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision processes, 50(2), 179-211. Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M. (1977). Attitude-behaviour relations: a theoretical analysis and review of empirical research. Psychological Bulletin, 84(5), 888-918. Alawney, S. F. (1998). Human Motivation: An Islamic Perspective. The American Journal of Islamic Social Science, 15(4), 14 – 39. Alias, A., & Samsudin, M. Z. (2005). Psychology of Motivation from an Islamic Perspective. In 3rd International Seminar on Learning and Motivation. Langkawi, Kedah. Almari, J. (2014). Social entrepreneurship in practice: The multifaceted nature of social entrepreneurship and the role of the state within an Islamic context. Oulu: University of Oulu. Alwan, K. (2010). Course Material in General Islamis Management. Doctoral Program in Islamic Economics Universitas Airlangga Postgraduate Program, Surabaya, Indonesia: Universitas Airlangga. Amin, M. R. (2016). Motivating People in Organizations: The Islamic way. Issues in Islamic Management, 2(2), 243-351. Andrew, M. (1981, January 01). The Dimensions of Advertising Involvement. Retrieved December 17, 2017, from http://www.acrwebsite.org/search/view-conference-proceedings.aspx?Id=9253 Anggadwita, G., Ramadani, V., Alamanda, D., Ratten, V & Hashani, M. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions from an Islamic perspective: a study of Muslim entrepreneurs in Indonesia. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 31(2), 165-179. Anney, V. N. (2014). Ensuring the Quality of the Findings of Qualitative Research: Looking at Trustworthiness Criteria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS). 5(2), 272 – 281. Atkinson, J. W. (1964). An Introduction to Motivation. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Ltd. Audretsch, D.B., Boente, W. & Jagannadha, P.T. (2007). Religion and Entrepreneurship, Jena Economic Research Paper No 2007-075, 1–26. Avneet, K. (2013). Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory: Applications and Criticisms. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(10), issn 2248-9878, 1061-1064. Baxter, J., & Eyles, J. (1997). Evaluating qualitative research in social geography: Establishing ‘rigour’ in interview analysis. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 22(4), 505-525. Beardwell, I., Holden, L., & Claydon, T. (2004). Human resource management: A contemporary approach. Great Britain: Prentice Hall. Bernard H. R. (2002). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (3rd ed.). Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira Press. Bernard, L. C., Mills, M., Swenson, L., & Walsh, R. P. (2005). An evolutionary theory of human motivation. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 131(2), 129-184. Bessant, J., & Tidd, J. (2009). Innovation and entrepreneurship. London, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons. Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442–453. Bitsch, V. (2005). Qualitative Research: A Grounded Theory Example and Evaluation Criteria. Journal of Agribusiness, 23(1), 75 – 91. Bornstein, D. (2009). How to change the world: Social entrepreneurs and the power of new ideas. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Bowen, H. R. (1953). Social responsibilities of the businessman. New York: Harper & Row. Boyce, C., & Neale, P. (2006). Conducting In-Depth Interview: A Guide for Designing and Conducting In-Depth Interviews for Evaluation Input. Washington, USA: Pathfinder International. Buehler, V. M., & Shetty, Y.K. (1975). Managing Corporate Social Responsibility, Management Review, 64(8), 4–17. Burch, J.G. (1986). Entrepreneurship. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Burns, N., & Grove, S.K. (2003). Understanding nursing research (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders Company. Camino, L, Zeldin, S, Payne-Jackson, A. (1995). Basics of qualitative interviews and focus groups. Washington, D.C: Center for Youth Development and Policy Research, Academy for Educational Development. Campbell, T. (1996). Technology, multimedia, and qualitative research in education. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 30(9), 122-133. Carvalho, L. (2016). Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurial Success and its Impact on Regional Development. Portugal: IGI Global. Catanzaro, M. (1988). Using qualitative analytical techniques. In Nursing Research; Theory and Practice. New York: C.V. Mosby Company. Chapra, M. U. (1985). Towards a Just Monetary System. Leicester: The Islamic Foundation. Chen, S. (2016). Customer Loyalty in the Auction E-Service. Encyclopedia of E- Commerce Development, Implementation, and Management, 1563-1571. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education (7th ed.). New York: Routledge. Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2003). Business Research Methods (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Craig, R. T. (2006). Chapter 5 Communication as a Practice. In Communication as...: Perspectives on Theory. London, United Kingdom: SAGE Publication. Creswell, J. W. (2009). Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (3rd ed.). London, United Kingdom: Sage Publication. Cresswell J. W., & Plano C. V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed method research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication. Cukier, W., Trenholm, S., Carl, D., Gekas, G. (2001). Social entrepreneurship: A content analysis. Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability, 7(1), 99-119. Dees, J. G. (2001). The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship. Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship (CASE). Retrieved from www.caseatduke.org/documents/dees_sedef.pdf (Accessed on September 19,2017). Deuraseh, N. (2012). New Essential Values of Daruriyyah (Necessities) Of The Objectives Of Islamic Law (Maqasid Al-Shari`ah). Jurnal Hadhari, 4 (2), 107-116. Donckels, R., & Miettinen, A. (1990). New Findings and Perspectives in Entrepreneurship. Aldershot: Gower. Dores, A. R., Barbosa, F., Guerreiro, S., Almeida, I., & Carvalho, I. P. (2016). Computer- Based Neuropsychological Rehabilitation: Virtual Reality and Serious Games. In M. Cruz-Cunha, I. Miranda, R. Martinho, & R. Rijo (Eds.), Encyclopedia of E- Health and Telemedicine, 473-485. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Esfeld, Michael. (2001). Holism in Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Physics. Dordrecht: Kluwer. Faizal, P. R., Ridhwan, A. A., & Kalsom, A. W. (2013). The Entrepreneurs Characteristic from al-Quran and al-Hadis. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 4(4), 191-196. Falikhatun & Yacob Suparno. (2015). Islamic Business Etics Principles And Employee’s Welfare. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University. Farooq Aziz & Sulaiman. (2009). Quranic Laws of Expansion & Contraction of Rizq (Income & Wealth). Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 6(1), 30-35. Fatima, T. (2014, August 10). Generosity - The Islamic Teachings. Retrieved December 12, 2017, from http://theislamicteachings.org/generosity/ Fisher, R. P., Geiselman, R.E., & Raymond, D.S. (1987). Critical analysis of police interviewing techniques. Journal of Police Science & Administration, 15(3), 177- 185. Fitzgerald, L., & Dopson, S. (2009). Comparative case study designs: their utility and development in organizational research (D. Buchanan & A. Bryman, Eds.). In The Sage Handbook of Organizational Research Methods, Edition (1st ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publication. Formstone, D. (2012). Outcome-Focused Practice. United Kingdom: East Dunbartonshire Council. Gendron, G. (1996). Flashes of genius: interview with Entrepreneur. Demos, London: Peter Drucker. Inc. Magazine, 18(7), 30-37. Ghazanfar, S. M. (1997). Medieval Islamic Socio-Economic Thought: Links with Greek and Latin-European Scholarship. Humanomics, 13(3), 33-60. Goran, Goldkuhl. (2006). Practice Theory vs Practical Theory: Combining Referential and Functional Pragmatism . In Panel paper to the 4 th International Conference on Action in Language, Organisations and Information Systems (ALOIS), Boras. Graneheim, U. H., & Lundman, B. (2004). Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24(2), 105-112. Gray, C. (1998). Enterprise & Culture. London: Routledge. Grimm, P. (2010). Field Work/Data Collection Process. Wiley International Encyclopedia of Marketing. United Kingdom: John Willey & Sons Ltd. Guba, E. G. (1981). Criteria for Assessing the Trustworthiness of Naturalistic Inquiries. Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 29(2), 75 – 91. Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1982). Establishing dependability and confirmability in naturalistic inquiry through an Audit. In the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York. Guemuesay, Ali Aslan. (2014). Entrepreneurship from an Islamic Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2441668 Gustiawan, W. (2013). Motivasi Karyawan Dalam Perspektif Islam. Polibisnis, 5(1), 45- 63. Harahap, Sofyan Safri. (2008). Theoretical Framework and Objectives of Shariah Accounting. Jakarta: Pustaka Quantum. Hassan, R. (2013). Islam and Society: Sociological Explorations, Melbourne: University Press. Hawwa, Said. (1979). Tarbiyatuna al-Ru?iyah. Al-Qahirah: Maktabah Wahbah. Hoepfl, M. C. (1997). Choosing qualitative research: A primer for technology education researchers. Journal of Technology Education, 9(1), 47-63. Hunter, M. (2012). How motivation really works: towards an emoto-motivation paradigm. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 7(4), 138-196. Ibn Kathir, Isma?il Ibn ?Umar. (2000). Tafsir al-Quran al-‘A?im. Egypt: Maktabah al-Tawfiqia. Ibn al-Qayyim, Shams al-Din Abu ?Abd Allah Mu?ammad. (1988). Zad al-Ma‘ad. Beirut: Mu`assasah al-Risalat. Ibn al-Qayyim, Shams al-Din Abu ?Abd Allah Muhammad. (2004). Patience & Gratitude. Delhi, India: Adam & Distributors. Ibn Taymiyyah, Taqi ad-Din Ahmad. (1999). Kitab al-Iman: Book of faith (1st ed.) (Salman Hassan al-Ani & Shadia Ahmad Tel, Trans.). Indiana, U.S.A: Iman Publishing House. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2011, May 22). Banci Ekonomi 2011: Profil Perusahaan Kecil Dan Sederhana. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/uploads/files/BanciBE/Penerbitan_Profil_PKS_20 11.pdf Jalan, A., & Kleiner, S. (1995). New developments in developing creativity. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 10(8), 20-23. Jooste, C. J. (1983). Entrepreneurskap-‘n Bedryfsekonomiese beskouing. Bedryfsekonomie: Universiteit van die Oranje Vrystaat. Joseph, K. (2003). Social welfare, social capital and social work: personal reflection of a Hong Kong Social Worker. Journal of Social Policy and Social Work, 1-12. Kamariah Kamarudin. (2006). The Concept of Qudwah Hasanah and Muslim Women’s Roles in the Strengthening of the Ummah: An Analysis of Recent Malay Novels. Serdang, Selangor: Universiti Putra Malaysia. Karin, K. (2016). Qualitative Research in the Study of Leadership (2nd Ed.). Bingley, United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing. Khair, Z., Abd. Hamid, M. A., & Md. Yusoff, R. (2015). Divine Work Motivation Lead to High Performance. In International Conference on Human Resource Development, Johor Bahru, Johor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Kilavuz. (2017, January 28). A Quick Guide to Fieldwork. Retrieved December 03, 2017, from https://www.themaydan.com/2017/01/quick-guide-fieldwork/ Kirkwood, J. (2009). Motivational factors in a push-pull theory of entrepreneurship. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 24(5), 346-364. KPDNKK. (2017). Statistik Utama KPDNKK. Retrieved December 4, 2017, from http://www.kpdnkk.gov.my/kpdnkk/statistik-utama-kpdnkk/ Krapp, A. (1996). The concept of Interest and the development of personality. In. Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York. Latham, G. P., & Pinder, C. C. (2005). Work Motivation Theory and Research at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century. Annual Review of Psychology, 56(1), 485-516. Leadbeater, C. (1997). The rise of the social entrepreneur. London: Demos. Leedy, P. & Omrod, J. (2001). Practical research: Planning and design (7th ed.). NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall. Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., Sheu, H.-B., Schmidt, J., Brenner, B. R., Gloster, C. S., Wilkins, G., Schmidt, L. C., Lyons, H., & Treistman, D. (2005). Social cognitive predictors of academic interests and goals in engineering: Utility for women and students at historically Black universities. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(1), 84-92. Lester, F. K. (2005). On the theoretical, conceptual, and philosophical foundations for research in mathematics education. Zentralblatt für Didaktik der Mathematik, 37(6), 457-467. Li, D. (2004). Trustworthiness of think-aloud protocols in the study of translation processes. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(3), 301-313. Locke, E. A. (2000). Motivation, cognition, and action: An analysis of studies of task goals and knowledge. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49(3), 408-429. Locke, L., Spirduso, W. W., & Silverman, S. J. (2000). Proposals that work (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication. M. Nasib ar-Rifa’i. (1999). Ringkasan Tafsir Ibnu Katsir (Vol 4). Depok, Indonesia: Gema Insani Mansouri, F., Lobo, M., Johns, A. & Turner, B. (2017). Islamic Religiosity in the West: Belonging and Political Engagement in Multicultural Cities. Melbourne: Deakin University Publising. MaGIC. (2015, July 06). A touch of magic: Gearing up for Social Entrepreneurship - MaGIC News. Retrieved November 10, 2017, from https://mymagic.my/news/a- touch-of-magic-gearing-up-for-social-entrepreneurship/ Mair, J., & Noboa, E. (2003). Social entrepreneurship: how intentions to create a social enterprise get formed. Spain: University of Navarra. Mark, D. B., & Robert, S. A. (2010). Social Entrepreneurship for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Publishing. Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. (1999). Designing qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication. Marwan Ismail. (2014). Pembangunan Komuniti Menerusi Keusahawanan Sosial: Kajian Kes Mengenai Organisasi Bukan Kerajaan Di Malaysia. In Social Entrepreneurship and Community Engagement: transforming societies, Institut Sosial Malaysia. Masud, Muhammad Khalid. (2005). Shatibi’s Philosophy of Islamic Law. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust. Merriam Webster. (n.d.). Concern. Retrieved December 4, 2017, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/concern Michael, L. A., Duening, T. N., & Hisrich, R. D. (2015). Technology entrepreneurship: taking innovation to the marketplace. London, England: Elsevier. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Mogren, R., & Thunborg, C. (2011). Boundaryless Work and the Role of Mobile ICT. In Encyclopedia of Information Communication Technologies and Adult Education Integration(Vol. 3, pp. 927-941). USA: California State University - Long Beach. Mohamad Akram Laldin. (2006). Islamic Law: An Introduction. Kuala Lumpur: International Islamic University Malaysia. Mohd Adib Abd Muin, Shuhairimi Abdullah & Azizan Bahari. (2014). Pengurusan Keusahawanan Keusahawanan Sosial Islam: Model Usahawan Berjaya Dalam Amalan Nilai-nilai murni. In Prosiding: Seminar Penyelidikan Kebangsaan 2014. Mohd Adib Abd Muin, Shuhairimi Abdullah, Azizan Bahari. (2015). Keusahawanan Sosial Islam: Konsep dan Amalan. In National Research Seminar 2015. Mohd Faisol Ibrahim, Mohd Zulkifli Muhammad, Suhaina Musani. (2008). Konsep Pemasaran Islam dalam Perniagaan Berasaskan Ekonomi Islam bagi Usahawan Muslim. Prosiding Perkem III Jilid 1, 110-117, ISSN:2231-962X. Mohd Hidayat. (2012). Aqidah Islam dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sikap dan Perilaku Manusia. Retrieved November 4, 2017, from http://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/188/3/4105028_Bab2.pdf Mohd Nasir Omar. (2003). Christian and Muslim Ethics. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Mohd Zain Mubarak. (2015). Konsep Keusahawanan Islam: Terminologi, Kerohanian dan Al-Fala?. Kelantan: Universiti Malaysia Kelantan. Mort, G., Weerawardena, J., & Carnegie, K. (2003) Social entrepreneurship: Towards conceptualization. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8(1), 76-88. Muhammad Hashim Kamali. (2008). Shariah Law: An Introduction. England: Oneworld Publication. Muhammad Saalihh Al-Munajjid. (2015). How He Treated Them. Jeddah: Zad Group Publishing. Nasiruddin Razak. (1996). Dienul Islam. Bandung: PT. Al-Ma’arif. Noor Hisham Md Nawi. (2015). Konsep Keusahawanan Sosial Islam: Suatu Pengamatan Awal. Kelantan: Universiti Malaysia Kelantan. Nur Azuki Yusuff. (2015). Konsep keusahawan sosial Islam; amalan beragama dan peningkatan pendapatan. In Konsep Keusahawanan Sosial Islam: suatu pengenalan. Kota Bharu, Kelantan: Universiti Malaysia Kelantan. Patton, M. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication. Patton, M.Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice (4th ed.). USA: Sage Publications, Inc. Petrakis, P.E. (2008). Entrepreneurship. Athens: P.E Petrakis. Pio, E. (2010). Islamic sisters: spirituality and ethnic entrepreneurship in Sweden. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 29(1), 113-130. Pivo, B. M. (1987). Assessing entrepreneurial attributes in two student groups. Thesis: M.Com., Pretoria: University of South Africa. Polit, D.F & Beck, C.T. (2006). Essentials of Nursing Research: Methods, appraisal and utilization (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins R. G. Hovanniasian. (1983). Ethics in Islam. California: Undena Publications. Radiniz site. (2007). Seeking Trust In Our Priority. available online at: http://www.radiniz.com/blog/ Reckwitz, A. (2002). Toward a Theory of Social Practices. European Journal of Sociology, 5(2), 243–263. Rianne, C. V. (2009). Charitable Giving in Islam. Birmingham, United Kingdom: Islamic Relief Worldwide. Richard, M., & Laroche, M. (2010). Internet Consumer Behavior: Behavioral Variables. In I. Lee (Ed.), Encyclopedia of E-Business Development and Management in the Global Economy(Vol. 3, pp. 656-665). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Rita, S. (1999, September 28). Collecting data by in-depth interviewing. Retrieved November 14, 2017, from http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/000001172.htm Robinson, P.B., Stimpson, D.V., Heufner, J.C. & Hunt, K.N. (1991). An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 15(4), 13-31. Romadhon. (2014). Metod Dakwah. Retrieved November 4, 2017, from http://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/242/5/Bab%202.pdf Rouse, J. (2007). Practice Theory. USA: Division I Faculty Publications. S. Mohammad Ghazanfar & Abdul Azim Islahi (1997). Economic Thought of Al-Ghazali. Jeddah: Scientific Publishing Centre King Abdul Aziz University. Sabina Cerimagic. (2010). The effects of Islamic law on business practices. Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues, 3(1), 40-47. Samee-Ullah Bhat. (2017). Concept of Ethics in Islam: A Conceptual Study In the Light of Quran and Sunnah. Al-Qasemi Journal of Islamic Studies. 2(1), 145-154. Salarzehi, H., Armesh, H., & Nikbin, D. (2010). Waqf as a Social Entrepreneurship Model in Islam. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(7), 179-186. Salwa Amirah Awang, Fidlizan Muhammad, Joni Tamkin Borhan & Mohammad Taqiuddin Mohamad. (2017). The Concept of Charity in Islam: An Analysis on the Verses of the Quran and Hadith. Journal of Usuluddin, 45(1), 141-172. Sardiman, A. M. (1990). Interaksi Dan Motivasi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. Sarif, S. M., Sarwar, A. & Ismail, Y. (2013). Practice of Social Entrepreneurship among the Muslim Entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 14(11), ISSN 1990-9233, 1463-1470. Schatzki, T. R., Knorr, Cetina. K., & Savigny, E. v. (Eds.). (2001). The practice turn in contemporary theory. New York, NY: Routledge. Schiefele, U. (1990). The influence of topic interest, prior knowledge and cognitive capabilities on text comprehension. Learning environments. Berlin: Springer. Segal, G., Borgia, D., & Schoenfeld, J. (2005). The motivation to become an entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 11(1), 42-57. Sekaran, U. (2000). Research Methods for business: A Skill Building Approach. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257-279. Shenton, A., & Hayter, S. (2004). Strategies for gaining access to organizations and informants in qualitative studies. Education for Information, 22, 223-231. Shields, P., & Rangarjan, N. (2013). A Playbook for Research Methods: Integrating Conceptual Frameworks and Project management. Stillwater, OK: New Forums Press. Shuhairimi, A. (2013). Pure values among entrepreneurs: a study on successfulentrepreneurs of Perlis, MARA. International Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 4(3), 171-177. Simister, N. (2015). Outputs, outcomes and impacts. United Kingdom: INTRAC. Sinar Harian. (28 March 2016). Peniaga Islam hidang arak - Utara - Sinar Harian. Retrieved December 4, 2017,from http://www.sinarharian.com.my/edisi/utara/peniaga-islam-hidang-arak-1.502697 SME Definition. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2017, from http://www.smecorp.gov.my/index.php/en/policies/2015-12-21-09-09-49/sme- definition?id=371 Smith, P. (Ed). (1996). Measuring Outcome In The Public Sector. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd. Smolka, A. L. B. (2001). Social practice and social change: activity theory in perspective. Journal of Human Development, 44(6), 362-367. Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 566– 591. Spradley, J. P. (1979). The ethnographic interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Stacey, A. (2014, September 8). Sincerity in Worship: What is Ikhlas? Retrieved October 21, 2017, from http://www.newmuslims.com/lessons/262/ Stahl, G. & Hesse, F. (2009). Practice perspectives in CSCL. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 4(2), 109-114. Steel, P., & Konig, C. J. (2006). Integrating theories of motivation. The Academy of Management Review, 31(4), 889-913. Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Shapiro, D. L. (2004). Introduction to special topic forum: The future of work motivation theory. The Academy Of Management Review, 29(3), 379- 387. Streubert, H., & Carpenter, D. (1999). Qualitative Research in Nursing Advancing the Humanistic Perspective (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: PA Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Sudin Haron. (1990). Ke Arah Menjadi Usahawan Berjaya. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Suhail Wadee. (2011). Unlock The Treasures of Barakah In 12 Easy Steps. Marlboro : Madrasah Ashraful Uloom. Suwandi, Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Shafiai & Wan Nasyrudin Wan Abdullah. (2016). Konsep Perniagaan Islam Kajian Al-Quran Dan Al-Sunnah. Jurnal Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah, 3(2), 65-79. Syed, J. & Ali, A.J. (2010). Principle of Employment Relations in Islam: A Normative View. Employment Relations, 32(5), 454-469. T. J. Lovat. (2005). Educating About Islam And Learning About Self: An Approach For Our Times, Religious Education, 100(1), 38–51. Tobin, G. A., & Begley, C. M. (2004). Methodological Rigour Within a Qualitative Framework. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(4), 388 – 396. Tohir, Ibnu A’shur. (2001). Maqasid al-Shariah al-Islamiah. Amman: Dar al-Nafais. Utusan. (2010, June 10). Peniaga sorok gula ditahan. Retrieved December 4, 2017, from http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2010&dt=0610&pub=Utusan_Ma laysia&sec=Sabah_%26_Sarawak&pg=wb_04.htm Van Aarde, I. (1997). Entrepreneurship and New Venture Management. USA: International Thomson Publishing. VandeCreek, L., & Burton, L. (Eds.). (2001). Professional Chaplaincy: Its Role and Importance in Healthcare. The Journal of Pastoral Care, 55(1), 81-97. Von Bergen, & Bressler, M. S. (2011). Too much positive thinking hinders entrepreneur success. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 23(1), 30-50. Weinstein, N. (2014). Human Motivation and Interpersonal Relationships. London: Springer. Weerawardena, J. (2006). Investigating Social Entrepreneurship: A Multidimensional Model. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 21-35. Wood, D. J. (1991). Corporate Social Performance Revisited. Academy of Management Review, 16(4), 691-718. Yin, R. (1989). Case study research: design and methods (2nd ed.). California, USA: Sage Publications. Zaharuddin Abdul Rahman. (2007, April 10). Isu Shariah Dalam Perniagaan MLM. Retrieved from http://zaharuddin.net/pelaburan-&-perniagaan/222-multi-level- marketing-menurut-shariah.html Zahavi, D. (2005). Subjectivity and selfhood: Investigating the first-person perspective. New York: MIT. Zikmund, W. G. (1999). Essentials of Marketing Research. California, USA: Dryden Press.