Stress, coping and emotions among Malaysian elite tenpin bowlers: a mixed methods approach (IR)
This research aimed to examine stressors, coping and emotions among Malaysian elite bowlers at pre-competition (PRE) and match days (MD). A total of fifteen elite bowlers completed diary packs on three occasions reporting stressors, coping strategies, coping effectiveness, emotions and its intensity...
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| Format: | thesis |
| Language: | eng |
| Published: |
2015
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=1296 |
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| Summary: | This research aimed to examine stressors, coping and emotions among Malaysian elite bowlers at pre-competition (PRE) and match days (MD). A total of fifteen elite bowlers completed diary packs on three occasions reporting stressors, coping strategies, coping effectiveness, emotions and its intensity and twelve of them were interviewed. One of the competitions was categorized as minor (MIN), whereas two as major competitions (MAJ). Data analyses used both quantitative and qualitative methods. Findings from diary revealed five stressors reoccurred over time. Additional three stressors were probed via interviews which did not report in diary. Problem-focused coping were the most reported strategies but only effective at different contexts; emotion-focused coping (EFC) was preferred at MD but only effective at PRE; while avoidance coping was the least reported and rated effective in MIN but not MAJ. Participants used more EFC in both gain- and loss-relational meanings. Positive emotions were associated with effective coping, and vice versa. Participants reported better social support coped effectively with positive emotions. In conclusion, bowlers employed different coping strategies at different contexts, but not all were effective. Overall results provide support to Lazarus (1999) stress and coping transactional model. Findings suggest that sport practitioners should look into individual appraisal, practice effective coping strategies and regulate positive emotions for better competition outcome. |
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