Environmental effects on the biology of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus and its interactions with aquatic hosts (IR)

The broad aim of the work undertaken in this thesis was to increase understanding of how environmental changes in aquatic environments impact host-parasite interactions in the experimentally amenable copepod - three spined stickleback - Schistocephalus solidus model using controlled, laboratory expe...

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Main Author:	Zalina Ismail
Format:	thesis
Language:	eng
Published:	2018
Subjects:	QL Zoology
Online Access:	https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=4726
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spelling	oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:47262020-02-27 Environmental effects on the biology of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus and its interactions with aquatic hosts (IR) 2018 Zalina Ismail QL Zoology The broad aim of the work undertaken in this thesis was to increase understanding of how environmental changes in aquatic environments impact host-parasite interactions in the experimentally amenable copepod - three spined stickleback - Schistocephalus solidus model using controlled, laboratory experiments. In natural environments, animals are being exposed to a suite of anthropogenic stressors including temperature and heavy metal pollution. In this thesis the effects of temperature and heavy metals pollution are studied to determine the effect of these stressor on the growth development, survival and life cycle of both hosts and parasites. This thesis first investigated the effect of the temperature on the survival of infective free swimming stages (coracidia) of Schistocephalus solidus, and their subsequent development as procercoid larvae in copepods (first intermediate hosts). The survival of coracidia was temperature-dependent, with the longest survival times at I 0°C, and being reduced at l5°C and 20°C. The growth ofprocercoids in copepod hosts was faster at 20°C than at Iooc or l5°C. The second part of this thesis investigated the effect of water hardness and the influence of heavy metals on the survival of S. solidus coracidia, and on the development of procercoids in copepods. The survival of coracidia was shown to be sensitive to low water hardness (i.e. soft water), but was unaffected by heavy metals at when reared under heavy metal treatments in hard water. The third part of this thesis investigated the effect of elevated zinc concentration (0.2 Jlg/L, 2 JlgiL, 20 Jlg/L and 200 Jlg/L) on the viability of developing S. solidus eggs, on the survival of coracidia and on the development and growth of procercoids in copepod hosts. Under elevated zinc concentrations, S. solidus eggs were able to develop and hatch, and coracidia were shown to survive longer at higher zinc concentrations . After being exposed to zinc, procercoids grew more quickly in copepod hosts. The last part of this thesis investigated how the growth of early larval stages of the parasite in copepod hosts exposed to zinc affected the subsequent performance of the second larval (plerocercoid) stage in the second intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Schistocephalus solidus procercoids, which grew larger in copepods exposed to zinc, developed into larger plerocercoids when transmitted to the three-spined stickleback hosts, suggesting carry over effects in this complex parasite life cycle. The overall findings of the thesis are that environmental stressors in aquatic environments, such as temperature and heavy metal pollutants, can have complex and divergent implications for different parasite life cycle stages, with potentially complex implications for the dynamics of parasite life cycles in ecosystems subject to environmental changes. 2018 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=4726 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=4726 text eng closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Teknikal dan Vokasional N/A
institution	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection	UPSI Digital Repository
language	eng
topic	QL Zoology
spellingShingle	QL Zoology Zalina Ismail Environmental effects on the biology of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus and its interactions with aquatic hosts (IR)
description	The broad aim of the work undertaken in this thesis was to increase understanding of how environmental changes in aquatic environments impact host-parasite interactions in the experimentally amenable copepod - three spined stickleback - Schistocephalus solidus model using controlled, laboratory experiments. In natural environments, animals are being exposed to a suite of anthropogenic stressors including temperature and heavy metal pollution. In this thesis the effects of temperature and heavy metals pollution are studied to determine the effect of these stressor on the growth development, survival and life cycle of both hosts and parasites. This thesis first investigated the effect of the temperature on the survival of infective free swimming stages (coracidia) of Schistocephalus solidus, and their subsequent development as procercoid larvae in copepods (first intermediate hosts). The survival of coracidia was temperature-dependent, with the longest survival times at I 0°C, and being reduced at l5°C and 20°C. The growth ofprocercoids in copepod hosts was faster at 20°C than at Iooc or l5°C. The second part of this thesis investigated the effect of water hardness and the influence of heavy metals on the survival of S. solidus coracidia, and on the development of procercoids in copepods. The survival of coracidia was shown to be sensitive to low water hardness (i.e. soft water), but was unaffected by heavy metals at when reared under heavy metal treatments in hard water. The third part of this thesis investigated the effect of elevated zinc concentration (0.2 Jlg/L, 2 JlgiL, 20 Jlg/L and 200 Jlg/L) on the viability of developing S. solidus eggs, on the survival of coracidia and on the development and growth of procercoids in copepod hosts. Under elevated zinc concentrations, S. solidus eggs were able to develop and hatch, and coracidia were shown to survive longer at higher zinc concentrations . After being exposed to zinc, procercoids grew more quickly in copepod hosts. The last part of this thesis investigated how the growth of early larval stages of the parasite in copepod hosts exposed to zinc affected the subsequent performance of the second larval (plerocercoid) stage in the second intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Schistocephalus solidus procercoids, which grew larger in copepods exposed to zinc, developed into larger plerocercoids when transmitted to the three-spined stickleback hosts, suggesting carry over effects in this complex parasite life cycle. The overall findings of the thesis are that environmental stressors in aquatic environments, such as temperature and heavy metal pollutants, can have complex and divergent implications for different parasite life cycle stages, with potentially complex implications for the dynamics of parasite life cycles in ecosystems subject to environmental changes.
format	thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Zalina Ismail
author_facet	Zalina Ismail
author_sort	Zalina Ismail
title	Environmental effects on the biology of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus and its interactions with aquatic hosts (IR)
title_short	Environmental effects on the biology of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus and its interactions with aquatic hosts (IR)
title_full	Environmental effects on the biology of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus and its interactions with aquatic hosts (IR)
title_fullStr	Environmental effects on the biology of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus and its interactions with aquatic hosts (IR)
title_full_unstemmed	Environmental effects on the biology of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus and its interactions with aquatic hosts (IR)
title_sort	environmental effects on the biology of the cestode schistocephalus solidus and its interactions with aquatic hosts (ir)
granting_institution	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department	Fakulti Teknikal dan Vokasional
publishDate	2018
url	https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=4726
_version_	1747833140659879936

Environmental effects on the biology of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus and its interactions with aquatic hosts (IR)

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