Pendidikan sains berasaskan inkuiri : analisis kefahaman guru pelatih program ijazah sarjana muda pendidikan sains terhadap elemen inkuiri

Pendidikan sains berasaskan inkuiri : analisis kefahaman guru pelatih program ijazah sarjana muda pendidikan sains terhadap elemen inkuiri

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti kefahaman guru pelatih sains terhadapelemen Pendidikan Sains Berasaskan Inkuiri atau Inquiry Based Science Education (IBSE) sertamengkaji perbezaan kefahaman berdasarkan jantina, tahap pendidikan dan bidang pengkhususan gurupelatih. Reka bentuk kuantitatif de...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Norlela Sikas
Format: thesis
Language:zsm
Published: 2019
Subjects:
LB Theory and practice of education
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=4809
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:4809
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language zsm
topic LB Theory and practice of education
spellingShingle LB Theory and practice of education
Norlela Sikas
Pendidikan sains berasaskan inkuiri : analisis kefahaman guru pelatih program ijazah sarjana muda pendidikan sains terhadap elemen inkuiri
description Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti kefahaman guru pelatih sains terhadapelemen Pendidikan Sains Berasaskan Inkuiri atau Inquiry Based Science Education (IBSE) sertamengkaji perbezaan kefahaman berdasarkan jantina, tahap pendidikan dan bidang pengkhususan gurupelatih. Reka bentuk kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif secara tinjauan digunakan bagimenjawab persoalan dan menguji hipotesis dalam kajian ini. Pemilihan 365 orang responden kajianberdasarkan Krejcie dan Morgan adalah daripada kalangan guru pelatih aliran sains di semester enamdari Program Ijazah Sarjana Muda Pendidikan (Biologi, Kimia, Fizik dan Sains) dari tujuh buahuniversiti awam di Malaysia secara pensampelan rawak berstrata.Kesahan instrumen yang digunakandalam kajian ini adalah melalui Analisis Kesahan Kandungan (I-CVI) yang mengandungi 40 item yangmewakili tujuh elemen IBSE (Penyoalan, Penyiasatan Saintifik, Pengumpulan Data, Menganalisis Data,Penerangan dan Kesimpulan, Penghujahan Berasaskan Bukti, Komunikasi Saintifik). Analisis deskriptifdigunakan bagi melihat min, kekerapan, peratusan dan sisihan piawai manakala statistik inferensimenggunakan Ujian-t sampel bebas dan ANOVA bagi menguji hipotesis nul. Hasil analisis Ujian-tmendapati terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan tentang kefahaman terhadap elemen IBSE antara gurupelatih lelaki dengan guru pelatih perempuan terhadap kesemua elemen IBSE (t=11.6 dan p=0.018).Kesimpulan daripada kajian ini menunjukkan kefahaman guru terhadap elemen IBSE adalah baik secarakeseluruhannya walau bagaimanapun kefahaman terhadap elemen Penyoalan adalah sederhana (min=3.58).Implikasi kajian ini diharap dapat memberi panduan kepada pihak universiti dalam mengintegrasikanelemen IBSE berdasarkan keperluan untuk menyokong ke arah pemantapan pendidikan inkuirikepada bakal-bakal guru.
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author Norlela Sikas
author_facet Norlela Sikas
author_sort Norlela Sikas
title Pendidikan sains berasaskan inkuiri : analisis kefahaman guru pelatih program ijazah sarjana muda pendidikan sains terhadap elemen inkuiri
title_short Pendidikan sains berasaskan inkuiri : analisis kefahaman guru pelatih program ijazah sarjana muda pendidikan sains terhadap elemen inkuiri
title_full Pendidikan sains berasaskan inkuiri : analisis kefahaman guru pelatih program ijazah sarjana muda pendidikan sains terhadap elemen inkuiri
title_fullStr Pendidikan sains berasaskan inkuiri : analisis kefahaman guru pelatih program ijazah sarjana muda pendidikan sains terhadap elemen inkuiri
title_full_unstemmed Pendidikan sains berasaskan inkuiri : analisis kefahaman guru pelatih program ijazah sarjana muda pendidikan sains terhadap elemen inkuiri
title_sort pendidikan sains berasaskan inkuiri : analisis kefahaman guru pelatih program ijazah sarjana muda pendidikan sains terhadap elemen inkuiri
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia
publishDate 2019
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=4809
_version_ 1747833152441679872
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:48092020-03-11 Pendidikan sains berasaskan inkuiri : analisis kefahaman guru pelatih program ijazah sarjana muda pendidikan sains terhadap elemen inkuiri 2019 Norlela Sikas LB Theory and practice of education Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti kefahaman guru pelatih sains terhadapelemen Pendidikan Sains Berasaskan Inkuiri atau Inquiry Based Science Education (IBSE) sertamengkaji perbezaan kefahaman berdasarkan jantina, tahap pendidikan dan bidang pengkhususan gurupelatih. Reka bentuk kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif secara tinjauan digunakan bagimenjawab persoalan dan menguji hipotesis dalam kajian ini. Pemilihan 365 orang responden kajianberdasarkan Krejcie dan Morgan adalah daripada kalangan guru pelatih aliran sains di semester enamdari Program Ijazah Sarjana Muda Pendidikan (Biologi, Kimia, Fizik dan Sains) dari tujuh buahuniversiti awam di Malaysia secara pensampelan rawak berstrata.Kesahan instrumen yang digunakandalam kajian ini adalah melalui Analisis Kesahan Kandungan (I-CVI) yang mengandungi 40 item yangmewakili tujuh elemen IBSE (Penyoalan, Penyiasatan Saintifik, Pengumpulan Data, Menganalisis Data,Penerangan dan Kesimpulan, Penghujahan Berasaskan Bukti, Komunikasi Saintifik). Analisis deskriptifdigunakan bagi melihat min, kekerapan, peratusan dan sisihan piawai manakala statistik inferensimenggunakan Ujian-t sampel bebas dan ANOVA bagi menguji hipotesis nul. Hasil analisis Ujian-tmendapati terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan tentang kefahaman terhadap elemen IBSE antara gurupelatih lelaki dengan guru pelatih perempuan terhadap kesemua elemen IBSE (t=11.6 dan p=0.018).Kesimpulan daripada kajian ini menunjukkan kefahaman guru terhadap elemen IBSE adalah baik secarakeseluruhannya walau bagaimanapun kefahaman terhadap elemen Penyoalan adalah sederhana (min=3.58).Implikasi kajian ini diharap dapat memberi panduan kepada pihak universiti dalam mengintegrasikanelemen IBSE berdasarkan keperluan untuk menyokong ke arah pemantapan pendidikan inkuirikepada bakal-bakal guru. 2019 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=4809 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=4809 text zsm closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia AACTE. (2010). 21st Century Knowledge and Skills in Educator Preparation.American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education and the Partnership for 21st Century Skills.Pearson.Abd-El-Khalick, F., Boujaoude, S., Duschl, R., Lederman, N.G., Mamlok-Naaman, R.Hofstein, A., Niaz,M., Treagust, D., & Tuan, H. (2004). Inquiry in science education: International perspectives.Science Education, 88, 397-419.Abdul Halim Hamid. (2016). Tahap Kefahaman Guru Kolej Vokasional Terhadap Elemen Kurikulum StandardKolej Vokasional.Tesis Sarjana.Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.Abdul Rahim Abdul Rashid, (2005), Profesionalisme Keguruan: Prospek dan Cabaran, Kuala Lumpur:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.Abdul Rahim Hamdan. (2009). Pengajian Kurikulum. Edisi ke-2. Skudai: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.Abd Rahman Ismail (2003). Kefahaman Konsep Sains dan Perhubungannya dengan Tahap Kognitif danJantina Pelajar Tingkatan 3. Tesis Sarjana, Universiti Malaya.Abrahams A, Millar R. (2008). Does practical work really work? A study of the effectiveness ofpractical work as a teaching and learning method in school science. Int J Sci Educ30(14):1945-1969.Abrahams, I., & Saglam, M. (2010). A study of teachers’ views on practical work in secondaryschools in England and Wales. International Journal of Science Education, 32(6), 753-768.Abraham, M. (2010). The learning cycle approach as a strategy for instruction in science. In B. J.Fraser and K. G. Tobin (Eds.) International Handbook of Science Education (pp. 513- 524). Hingham,MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Abu Bakar Nordin.(1995). Penilaian afektif.Kajang:Masa Interprise.Agensi Kelayakan Malaysia. (2010). Kod amalan akreditasi program. PetalingJaya:Agensi Kelayakan Malaysia (Malaysian Qualifications Agency, MQA)Ahmad Mahdzan Ayob. (2005). Kaedah penyelidikan sosioekonomi (Edisi Ketiga).Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.Akademi Sains Malaysia.(2015). Penilaian Pelaksanaan Projek Rintis Pendidikan Sains BerasaskanAmalan Inkuiri di 4 buah sekolah rendah di Daerah Hulu Langat.Kuala Lumpur: Akademi Sains Malaysia.Albaaly, I.(2012). The effectiveness of using Cyclic Inquiry Model (CIM) in developing some ofscience processes and the achievement in Science. Journal of Educational Research, 31(26), 259-283.Albergaria-Almeida, P.(2010).Classroom questioning:Teachers'perceptions and practices. InProcedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences (Vol.2, pp.305-309).Andrew J. Rotherham, & Daniel Willingham. (2009). 21st Century Skill. The Challenge a Head.University of Virginia, USA: Jossey-Bass.Asariah Mior Shaharudin. (2009). The Next Generation of Teachers: The Malaysian perspective.1-13.Putrajaya, Malaysia: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.Atkin, J. M. & Karplus, R. (1962). Discovery or Invention? The Science Teacher, 29(5), 45-51.Awang Hadi Salleh. (1998). Latihan Perguruan untuk Sekolah Berkesan. Prosiding Seminar KebangsaanJPPG, Pendidikan Guru untuk Sekolah Berkesan. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.Awang Kasmurie Awang Kitot, Abdul Razak Ahmad & Ahmad Ali Seman. (2010).The effectiveness of inquiry teaching in enhancing student's critical thinking.Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 7(C), 264-273.Ayob, A. (2012). Cara Meningkatkan Minat Pelajar terhadap Sains dan Matematik.Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.Azizi Yahya et. al., (2007). Menguasai Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur : PTSProfessional Publishing Sdn. Bhd.Azizi Yahya & Syazwani Abdul Razak. (2010). Teori Berkaitan Gaya Pembelajaran Dan KaedahPengajaran. Fakulti Pendidikan, UTM, Skudai Johor. Dirujuk Pada 14 Mac 2012 dari http://eprints.utm.my/10384/1/Teori_Gaya_Pembelajaran_Dan.pdf_Pembelajaran_Dan.pdfBahagian Pendidikan Guru .(2009). Garis Panduan Amalan Profesional PISMP.Putrajaya: Bahagian Pendidikan Guru.Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013).Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah, 1-56. Retrieved fromwww.moe.gov.my.Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2015).Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah. Retrieved from www.moe.gov.myBanchi, H., & Bell, R. (2008). The many levels of inquiry. Science and Children.46(2), 26-29.Barell, J. (1991). Teaching for thoughtfulness: Classroom strategies to enhance intellectualdevelopment. New York: Longman.Bass, E.J., Contant, L.T., & Carin, A.A. (2009). Methods for teaching science as inquiry.USA:Pearson Press.Best, J .W., & Kahn, J.V.(2006). Research in education (10th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.Biggs, J. (2003). Teaching for Quality learning at University. (2nd edition). UK:Open UniversityPress.Blackbourn, J.M., bunch, D., Fillingim, J., Thomas, C., Schillinger, D., & Dupree, J. (2011).Challenging orthodoxy: Problem based learning in preservice teacher training. Journal ofInstructional Psycology, 38(3), 140-153.Bloom, B., Englehart, M. Furst, E., Hill, W., & Krathwohl, D. (1956). Taxonomy of educationalobjectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cognitive domain. New York,Toronto: Longmans, Green.Blueprint PPPM 2013-2025. (n.d.). Retrieved February, 2016, fromhttp://www.moe.gov.my/userfiles/file/PPP/Preliminary-Blueprint-BM.pdfBraaten, M., & Windschitl, M. (2011). Working toward a stronger conceptualization of scientificexplanation for science education. Science Education, 95(4), 639- 669.669.Brook, J.G & Brook, M.G. (1993). In search for understanding: The case for constructivistclassroom: Alexandria, VA: Association For supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD).Bybee, R., Taylor, J., Gardener, A., Scotter, P. V., Powell, C. J.,Westbrook, A., & Landes,N.(2006). The BSCE 5e instructional model: Origins and effectiveness. Retrieved from http ://bscs.org/sites/default/files/_legacy/BSCS_5E_Instructional_Model.htmCapps, D.K., Crawford, B.A., & Constas, M.A. (2012). A review of empirical literature on inquiryprofessional development: Alignment with best practices and a critique of the findings. Journal ofScience Teacher Education, 23(3), 291-318.Cecile, L. (2014) Gender and Types of Learning. The Huron University College Journal of Learningand Motivation: Vol. 52: Iss. 1, Article 4.Chaffee, J.(1988). Thinking critically. Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin.Chang, C.Y., & Wang, H.C.(2009). Issues of inquiry learning in digital learning environments.British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(1), 169-173.Chernobilsky, E., DaCosta, M. C., & Hmelo-Silver, C.E. (2004). Learning to talk the educationalpsychology talk through a problem-based course. Instructional Science, 32(4), 319-356.Chua Yan Piaw .(2006). Kaedah dan Statistik Penyelidikan: Kaedah Penyelidikan.Malaysia: Mc Graw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd.Chua Yan Piaw. (2011). Kaedah Penyelidikan , Buku 1, Edisi Kedua. Kuala Lumpur : Mc Graw-Hill(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.Clark.C. & Peterson, P. (1986). Teachers’ Thought Processes. dalam Wittrock,M.C.(ed). Handbook ofResearch on Teaching, Edisi ke 3. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.Coakes, J., Sheridan & Clara Ong. (2011). SPSS Version 18.0 for Windows, Analysis Without Anguish.McDougall Street, Milton: John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd.Ltd.Creswell, J.W. (2005). Educational Research: planning, conducting, and evaluatingquantitative and qualitative research. 2nd Ed. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.Creswell, J.W. (2012). Educational Research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative andqualitative research. 4 Ed. Boston: Pearson Education.Daniel, E.G.S. (1999). Corak konsepsi pelajar bagi konsep pertumbuhan. Tesis Doktor Falsafah yangtidak diterbitkan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.Darling-Hammoud, L. (1990). Instructional Policy into Practice: The Power of the Bottom Over theTop. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. 12: 233- 241.Davis, L.L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from your panel of experts.Applied Nursing Research, 5, 194-197.Dick, W. (1997). Better instructional design theory : process improvement or engineering . Teachingtechnology, 37 (5), 47-50.Driver, R., Asoko, H., Leach, J., Mortimer, E., & Scott, P. (1994). Constructing scientificknowledge in the classroom. Educational Researcher, 23(7), 5-12.Ennis, R., 1998, Is critical thinking culturally biased? Teaching Philosophy, 21, 15-33 FatinAliah Phang & Nor Athirah Tahir. (2011).Kemahiran Proses Sains DalamKalangan Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sains di UTM.Journal of Science andMathematics Educational, 3, 123-133.Fatin Aliah Phang. (2010). Implikasi pemansuhan PPSMI terhadap pengajaran dan pembelajaran di IPTA.Buletin Persatuan Pendidikan Sains dan Matematik Johor, 19(1), 75-83.Fazio, X., Melville, W., & Bartley, A. (2010). The problematic nature of the practicum: A keydeterminant of pre-service teachers’ emerging inquiry-based science practices. Journal of ScienceTeacher Education, 21, 665-681.Feiman-Nemser, S. (2001). From preparation to practice: Designing a continuum tostrengthen and sustain teaching. Teachers College Record, 103(6), 1013-1055.Flowers, C. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis of scores on the clinical experiencerubric: A measure of dispositions for preservice teachers. Educational and PsycologicalMeasurement, 66(3), 478-488.Foster, H.L. (1995). Implementing innovative pedagogy in the first course in accounting and itsrelationship to student attitudes toward the profession. PhD.Thesis, Andrews University, USA.Furtak, E. M., Seidel, T., Iverson, H., & Briggs, D. C. (2012). Experimental and quasi-experimentalstudies of inquiry-based science teaching: A meta- analysis. Review of Educational Research, 82(3), 300-329.Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2006). Educational research: An introduction. Boston:Allyn & Bacon.Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W. (2009). Educational research: Competencies for analysisand applications. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Geier, R., Blumenfeld, P., Marx, R. W. Krajcik, J.S., fishman, B., Soloway, E., & Clay-Chambers, J.(2008). Standardized test outcomes for students engaged in inquiry-based science curricula in thecontext of urban reform. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45(8), 922-939.Gençi, M. (2015). The Effect of Scientific Studies on Students ’ Scientific Literacy and Attitude,(2004).Goh, N. K., Toh, K. A., and Chia, L. S. (1989). Use of modified laboratory instruction forimproving science process skills acquisition. Journal of Chemical Education, 66(5), 430-432Hair, Jr. J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L.,& Black, W. C. (2003). Multivariate data analysiswith readings(4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Hairiah Munip & Chin Chee Keong. (2010). Tinjauan terhadap pencapaian kemahiran proses sains dalamkalangan guru pelatih PISMP. Jabatan Sains : Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Tuanku Bainun.Hanafi Mahat, Zainudin Othman, Yazid Saleh, Mohmadisa Hashim, Adnan Jusoh, & Norazlan Hadi Yaacob.(2016). Keberkesanan kurikulum pendidikan sains sosial di Malaysia: Kajian perspektif gurusiswazah dan pengetua sekolah diUPSI. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 1(1), 37-48.Hancock, E.,Gallard, A. (2004). Preservice science teacher's belief about teaching andlearning: The influence of K-12 field experiences. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 15(4),281-291.Hanizah Misbah & Shaharom Noordin (2008). Tahap kefahaman kemahiran komunikasi dan mengeksperimendi kalangan pelajar tahun dua pendidikan fizik merentas program pengajian. Seminar KebangsaanPendidikan Sains dan Matematik. 11-12 October, Skudai, Johor.Hapgood, S., & Pallincsar, A.S. (2007). Where Literacy and Science Intersect.Education Leadership, 64 (4), 56-60.Harlen, W., & Allende, J. (2008). Teacher Professional Development in Pre- Secondary SchoolInquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE). International Conference on Professional Development forIBSE in Pre-Secondary Education.Harvey, O.J., Hunt, D.E., & Schroder, H.M. 1961. Conceptual systems and personality organizations.New York: Wiley.Hasnira Embong, Kua Bee Hoon, H. M. Y. (2017). Bengkel Pemantapan Pendekatan Inkuiri: MeningkatkanPenggunaan Pendekatan Inkuiri Semasa Latihan Praktikum Fasa 2 dalam Kalangan Guru Pelatih SainsPendidikan Rendah. Jurnal Pendidikan Dedikasi Jilid 12, 2017, 12, 20-37.Hattie, J. 2003. Teachers Make a Difference What is the Research Evidence?Retrieved January 15, 2009 from http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2251792/Teachers-Makea-Difference.Heng, L. L., dan Johari Bin Surif (2013). Penghujahan Saintifik: Memahami Perlaksanaannya dalamProses Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Kimia. Jurnal Teknologi (Social Sciences), 65(1), 1-8.Hok Kiu Edward (2011). Gender differences in learning Mathematics in Hong Kong: PISA 2003 study(Disertasi tidak diterbitkan). University of Hong Kong.https://laporan+perunding+kesterel+2011+kbat/Dicapai pada 17 November 2018Ireland, J., Watters, J. J., & Brownlee, J. L. (2014). International Journal of ScienceApproaches to Inquiry Teaching: Elementary teacher's perspectives,(November), 37-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2013.877618Jaafar N & Tamuri A.H. (2013). Hubungan antara efikasi kendiri dengan kualiti guruPendidikan Islam sekolah menengah kebangsaan Malaysia. Journal of Islamic and Arabic Education.5(1), 2013 41-60.Jemaah Nazir & Jaminan Kualiti. (2010). Standard kualiti pendidikan Malaysia.Putrajaya: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.Johari Hassan & Yeong Wai Chung. (2010). Keupayaan dan Kelemahan Menyelesaikan Masalah MatematikDalam Kalangan Pelajar Tingkatan Lima. Tesis Sarjana. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti TeknologiMalaysia.Johnson, R., B., & Christensen, L.B.(2008). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, andmixed approaches. Thousand Oaks:Sage Publications.Kamisah Osman & Neelavany Marimuthu. (2010). Setting new learning targets for the 21st centuryscience education in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 3737-3741.Kamus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Edisi Ketiga. (2000). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. UtusanMalaysia.Kamus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Edisi Keempat. (2013), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka.UtusanMalaysia.Kaplan, R. M., & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2001). Psychological testing: Principles, applications, andissues (5th ed.). Belmont, CA, US: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (1980). Laporan jawatankuasa kabinet mengkaji pelaksanaan dasarpelajaran. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2012a). Ringkasan eksekutif , plan pembangunan pendidikanMalaysia. Putrajaya: Bahagian Pembangunan dan Dasar Pendidikan.Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2012b). Pendidikan kebangsaan melangkah ke hadapan.Diakses pada 14jun 2012 daripada http://www.google.com.myKementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2013). Ringkasan eksekutif , plan pembangunan pendidikan Malaysia. Putrajaya: Bahagian Pembangunan dan DasarPendidikan.Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2015). Dokumen Standard Kurikulum danPentaksiran Sains Tahun 1. Kuala Lumpur: BPK, KPM.Kerlinger, F.N. & Lee, H.B.(2000). Foundations of behavioural research. Fourth edition. Australia:Wadsworth Thompson.Khairul Anwar Abu Bakar .(2014). Tahap Kesediaan Guru Pelatih Institut Pendidikan Guru DalamLatihan Mengajar.Tesis Sarjana, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.Kirschner, P. A., Schweller, J. & Clark, R.A. (2006). Why minimal guidance during instruction doesnot work: an analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based,experiential, andinquiry-based teaching. Educational Psychologist 41 (2): 75-86.Kock, Z. J., Taconis, R., Bolhuis, S., & Gravemeijer, K. (2013). Some Key Issues in CreatingInquiry-Based Instructional Practices that Aim at the Understanding of Simple Electric Circuits.Research in Science Education, 43, 579-597.Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educationaland Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.Laporan jawatankuasa kabinet. (1979). Kuala Lumpur:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Lawson, H. (2003).Citizenship education for pupils with learning difficulties:Towards participation? Support for Learning, 18(3), 117-122.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9604.00293Lee Jensen, J., & Lawson, A. (2011). Effects of collaborative group composition and Inquiryinstruction on reasoning gains and Achievement in undergraduate biology. CBE Life SciencesEducation, 10(1), 64-73. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.10-07-0089Levy, P., & Petrulis, R. (2012). How do first-year university students experience inquiry andresearch, and what are the implications for the practice of inquiry- based learning? Studies inHigher Education, 37, 85-101.Ling, J.A.Y. (1999). Primary science curriculum implemenation in Malaysia; Inquiry as hope andpractice. Thesis Doktor Falsafah. University Massey, Palmerston,North New Zealand.Lilia Halim (2006.) Analisis Keperluan Guru-guru Sains Sekolah Rendah DalamAspek Pengajaran Sains di Daerah Kota Setar, Kedah. Jurnal Teknologi. 44. 13-30, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia,Lilia Halim & T.Subahan Mohd Merah. (2016). Science Education Research and Practice in Malaysia.Science Education Research and Practice in Asia, 71- 93. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0847-4Ling, A.Y., & St. George, A. (1998). Implementing an inquiry-based primary science curriculum inMalaysia: A case study of an experienced teacher. Paper presented at the Australasian ScienceEducation Research Association 29th Annual Conference, 9-12 July, 1998, Darwin, Australia.Low Kee Sun. (2013). Perbandingan pola pembelajaran kontekstual dan tahap pemahaman konsep Sainspelajar sekolah menengah rendah di Malaysia dan Singapura. Journal Teknologi Social Sciences.63(2), 91-96.Lynn, M.R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35, 382-385.Mahaliza Mansor, Norlia Mat Norwani & Jamal @ Nordin Yunus (2010). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaanalat ukur pentadbir sebagai pemimpin pembangunan professional berasaskan sekolah (PPPS). SeminarSehari Penyelidikan 2010. Tanjong Malim: Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi, Universiti PendidikanSultan Idris.Mahamod, Z., & Lim, N. R. (2011). Kepelbagaian kaedah penyoalan lisan dalam pengajaran guru bahasamelayu: kaedah pemerhatian. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 1(Mei), 51-65.Maor, D. & Fraser, B.J. (2007). The Development and Use of a Classroom Instrument in the Evaluationof Inquiry-based Computer- Assisted Learnng. International Journal of Science Education, 18,401-421.Marc, J.(2007).TIMSS 2007 Sample Design.TIMSS Technical Report. TIMSS and PIRLS International StudyCentre, Boston College.Marlina Ali & Shaharom Noordin (2006). Tahap penguasaan kemahiran berfikir kritis di kalangan pelajar pendidikan fizik merentas jantina. BuletinPersatuan Pendidikan Sains dan Matematik Johor, 15 (1), 99-110.Marsh, C.J. & Willis, G. 2003. Curriculum: Alternative Approaches, OngoingIssues.Edisi Ke-5. Ohio: Pearson Education.Marshall, J.C. (2013). Succeeding with inquiry in science and math classrooms.Alexandria, VA:ASCD and Arlington, VA:NSTA.Marshall, J. C., J. B. Smart, and D. M. Alston. 2016. “Inquiry-Based Instruction: A PossibleSolution to Improving Student Learning of Both Science Concepts and Scientific Practices.”International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 1-20.Martin, M.O., Mullis, I.V.S., Foy, P. & Stanco, G.M.(2012). TIMSS 2011 International Results inScience.Boston College: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Lynch School of Education.Mayer, R. E. (1977). Thinking and problem solving: An introduction to human cognition and learning.Scott, Foresman and CompanyMcFarlane, D. (2013). Understanding the Challenges of Science Education in the 21st Century: NewOpportunities for Scientific Literacy. International Leters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 4,35-44.McKinsey & Company (2010). How the world's most improved school systems keep getting better.McNeill, K. L., Lizotte, D. J., Krajcik, J. dan Marx, R. W. (2006). Supporting Students’Construction of Scientific Explanations by Fading Scaffolds In Instructional Materials. The Journalof the Learning Sciences, 15(2), 153-191.Melissa, M. S. (2007). Scientific Reasoning Skills Development in The Introductory Biology Coursesfor Undergraduates. United States: The Ohio State University.Mertens, D. M. (2005). Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversitywith quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.Millar, R. (2004). The role of practical work in the teaching and learning of science.Paperpresented at the the Meeting of High School ScienceLaboratories: Role and Vision, Washington, DC.Millar, R. (2008). Taking scientific literacy seriously as a curriculum aim. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 9(2), 1-18.Minner, D.D., Levy, A.J., & Century, J. (2010). Inquirybased science instruction— what is it anddoes it matter? Results from a research synthesis years 1984 to 2002. Journal of Research inScience Teaching, 47(4), 474-496.Mohamad Ali Jemali, Ahmad Esa dan Razali Hasan. (2011). Kesediaan keterampilan sosial dalamkalangan guru-guru pelatih di Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia dengan budaya kerja sekolah.Persidangan kebangsaan penyelidikan dan inovasi dalam pendidikan dan latihan teknik dan vokasional,16-17 November 2011, Universiti Tun Hussin Onn Malaysia.Mohd Asnawi Satdimin, Md Shufian Awang, Avelyn Siang & Nur Atiqah Basri.(2010). Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kurikulum. Bincangkan pendapat dan pandangan pakar pakartentang kurikulum. Dimuat turun daripadahttps://www.slideshare.net/atieyann2/pendapat-dan-pandangan-pakar-pakar- tentang-kurikulum.htmMohd Najib, G. & Abdul Rauf, I.(2011). Penilaian hubungan tahap penguasaan konsepsi sains dengantahap kemahiran proses sains guru peringkat menengah rendah. Journal of Science and MathematicsEducational, 3: 1-19.Mohamad Najib Abdul Ghafar, (1999). Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Skudai: Penerbit UTM.Mohd. Majid Konting. (1990). Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur Malaysia: Dewan Bahasadan Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Mohd. Majid Konting.(2000). Asas penyelidikan pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.Mohd.Najib Ghafar. (1998). Penyelidikan Pendidikan . Skudai : Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.Mohd Yusri Ibrahim (2010). Bimbingan cepat analisis data penyelidikan untukPendidikan dan Sains Sosial. Pahang: Bandar Ilmu.Muhammad Mohd Zain. (2013). Amalan Pendekatan Inkuiri Guru dalam PengajaranSains Sekolah Menengah. (Disertasi yang tidak diterbitkan). Dicapai daripadahttp://www.fp.utm.my/epusatsumber/pdffail/ptkghdfwP2/Muhammad%20Bin%20Mohd%2 0Zain.TP.pdfMurphy, E. (1997). Constructivism: From philosophy to practise. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cdli.ca/~elmurphy.emurphhy/cle.htmlNational Research Council, NRC. (1996). The Role of Scientists in the Professional Development ofScience Teachers. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.National Research Council, NRC. (2000). Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards.Washington, DC: National Academy Press.National Research Council, NRC. (2012). A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices,Crosscutting Concepts,and Core Ideas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.National Science Foundation. (2007). Pathways to Inquiry : A Science Inquiry Skills Framework. Dimuat turun darihttp://www.science4inquiry.com/documents/PTI%20Inquiry%20Skill%20Fra mework2008.2015.pdfNooraini Othman. (2014). Thinking Skill Education and Transformational Progress inMalaysia.International Education Studies. Vol. 7, 27 - 32.Noraini Idris. (2010). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill Education.Noraini Idris. (2012). Malaysian Teacher Quality, Perception by Various Stakeholders. Ministryof Higheer Education. Pearson Malaysia Sdn.Bhd.Nor’ain Mohd. Tajudin, Nurulhuda Abd Rahman, Noor Shah Saad, Asmayati Yahaya, Hasimah Alimon, Mohd.Uzi Dollah & Mohd. Mustamam Abd Karim (2013). Kemahiran Penaakulan Saintifik dan Stail PengajaranPensyarah: Indikasi Awal Ke Arah Peningkatan Kualiti Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Pelajar InstitusiPengajian Tinggi. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia. 3(1), 48-59.Nurshamshida Md Shamsudin, Nabilah Abdullah, & Nurlatifah Yaamat. (2013).Strategies of teaching science using an Inquiry based Science Education(IBSE) by novice chemistry teachers. Procedia - Social and BehavioralSciences, 90, 583-592.Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042813020 17XOECD (2016). PISA 2015 Results (Volume I): Excellence and Equity in Education, PISA, OECDPublishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264266490-enOliva, P.F. (2009). Developing The Curriculum. 7th edition. United States: PearsonEducation.O’Neill, Geraldine. (2010). Programme design: overview of curriculummodels.http://www.ucd.ie/t4cms/ucdtlp00631.Ong, Saw Lan. (2005). Assessing Preservice Science Teachers Competency in Integrated ScienceProcess Skills.National Conference on Skills and Competencies in Education. November. Penang,Malaysia: 185-194.Ornstein, A.C. & Hunkins, F.P. (2009). Curriculum Foundations, Principles, and Issues.Edisi Ke-5.United States: Pearson Education.Osborne, J. (2007). Science education for the twenty-first century. Eurasia Journal of mathematics,Science & Technology Education, 2007, 3(3), 173-184.Osborne, J., & Dillon, J. (2008). Science education in Europe: Critical reflections.London:King’s College.Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS Survival Guide. Australia: Allen & Unwin.Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis uing SPSS.McGraw-Hill Education.Pandey. A, Nanda. G. K. and Ranjan. V(2011) “Effectiveness of Inquiry Training Model overConventional Teaching Method on Academic Achievement of Science Students in India,” Journal ofInnovative Research in Education,vol.1(1), pp. 7-20, 2011.Pedaste, M., Mäeots, M., Siiman, L. A., de Jong, T., van Riesen, S. A. N., Kamp, E.T., & Tsourlidaki, E. (2015). Phases of inquiry-based learning: Definitions and the inquirycycle. Educational Research Review, 14, 47-61.Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia PPPM. (2013). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013 - 2025.Education, 27(1), 1-268.Pilgrim, M.E. (2014). Engaging future teachers in problem-based learning with the park citymathematics institute problems. PRIMUS, 24(3), 215-231.Price, J. L., & Mueller, C. W. (1986). Handbook of organizational measurement.Marshfield, MA: PittmanPrint, M. (1993). Curriculum Development and Design, Edisi Ke-2. Australia: Allen&Unwin Pty. Ltd.Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum (1993). Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran Sains Sekolah Rendah. Kuala Lumpur:Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum. (2002). Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran Fizik Tingkatan Lima. Kuala Lumpur:Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum. (2003). Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran Sains Tahun 6 Kurikulum BersepaduSekolah Rendah. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.Prince, M. J., & Felder, R. M. (2006). Inductive Teaching and Learning Methods: Definitions,Comparisons, and Research Bases.Journal of Engineering Education, 95(2), 123-138.http://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168- 9830.2006.tb00884.xQuigley, C., Marshall, J.C., Deaton, C.C.M., Cook, M.P., & Padilla, M. (2011).Challenges to inquiry teaching and suggestions for how to meet them. Science Educator, 20(1),55-61.Rissing, S. W., & Cogan, J. G. (2009). Can an inquiry approach improve college student learning ina teaching laboratory? CBE Life Sci Educator, 8(1), 55-61.Rosidi Fahlid. (2011). Tahap kesediaan guru terhadap pelaksanaan kurikulum baru Mata PelajaranAliran Vokasional (MPAV) di Sekolah Menengah Teknik diNegeri Perak. Tesis Sarjana, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.Roth, W.M. (1995). Teacher questioning in an open-inquiry learning environment:Interactions of context, content, and student responses. Journal of Research in Science Teaching,33(7), 709-736.Roth, W.-M., McGinn, M. K., & Bowen, G. M. (1998). How prepared are preservice teachers to teachscientific inquiry? Levels of performance in scientific representation practices. Journal ofScience Teacher Education, 9, 25-48.Rozita Radhiah Said & Abdul Rasid Jamian. (2012). Amalan pengajaran karangan guru cemerlang didalam bilik darjah: Kajian satu kes pelbagai lokasi. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators andEducation, 27, 51-68, Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.Saavedra, A.R & V.D. Opver. (2012). Learning 21st -century skill a requires 21st - centuryteaching. Kappan, October 2012. New Style of Instruction, RAND Corp (Santa Monica Ca).Sadiah Baharom. (2008). Kesan paduan kitar pembelajaran dan pemetaan konsep terhadap konsepsipelajar tentang pembahagian sel. Tesis Ph.D (Tidak diterbitkan). Universiti Sains Malaysia.Saedah Siraj & Mohammed Sani Ibrahim. (2012). Standard Kompetensi Guru Malaysia. Retrieved fromhttp://www.fp.utm.my.ePusatSumber/listseminar/medc2012/pdf/159.pdfSalbiah Mohd Som. (2012). Aplikasi dalam strategi pembelajaran inkuiri penemuan dalam AzianT.S.Abdullah, A'Azmi Shahri, Baharin Yahya, NorAzian Mohd Kamel, Suriya Ahmad, Lau Shin Chai, RosliOmar, & Jamilah Omar (Ed.), Kreativiti dan inovasi elemen merentas kurikulum dalam KSSR kreativitidan inovasi: Elemen merentas kurikulum. Putrajaya: Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum KementerianPelajaran Malaysia.Salleh Abd Rashid. (2003). Pemikiran Profesional Keguruan Terhadap Kurikulum dan Pengajaran.Dibentangkan di Seminar Pendidikan MPBL.Sampson, V. dan Clark, D. B. (2009). The Impact of Collaboration on the Outcomes of ScientificArgumentation. Science Education, 93(3), 448-484.Sandifer, C., & Lottero-Perdue, P. (2010). Delving deeper into science teaching: An early childhoodmagnetism lesson as a context for understanding principles ofinquiry. Connect Magazine, 24(2), 11-14.School aan Zet. (2014). The art of asking questions. Promoting excellence by meansof inquiry- and design-based learning]. Retrieved fromhttp://www.schoolaanzet.nl/fileadmin/contentelementen/school_aan_zet/Opbr engsten_CfP_2013-Schmidt, P. (2003) Choice of Travel Mode in the Theory of Planned Behavior: The Roles of PastBehavior, Habit, and Reasoned Action. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25, 175-188.Science Inquiry Tools Deliver Significant Improvement in Middle-school Students' Skills .(2010).Dimuat turun daripada http://www.nsf.gov/news/Sekaran, U.(2003). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (Edisi keempat). NewYork: John Wiley & Son, Inc.Seth Sulaiman dan Jamil Tarmizi. (2010). Tahap Kognitif Pelajar Fizik Di Sekolah Berasrama DiDaerah Kuala Terengganu Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Fizik Berdasarkan Kepada Taksonomi Bloom, 1-8.Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor. (Tidak diterbitkan)Shaharom Noordin & Siti Sarah Muhammad. (2011). Tahap Kefahaman Kemahiran Mengukur SertaMenggunakan Nombor Dan Membina Hipotesis Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Pendidikan Fizik. FakultiPendidikan.Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.Sharifah Maimunah Syed Zin & Lewin, K. M. (1993). Insights into science education: Planning andpolicies in Malaysia. Paris: UNESCO.Sheehan, J. (1986). Curriculum models: product versus process. Journal of Advanced Nursing11:671-678.Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching.Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4-14.Shulman, L. S. (1987). Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the new reform.Harvard Educational Review, 57, 1-22.Shulman, L.S. (1992). Ways of seeing, ways of knowing, ways of teaching, ways oflearning about teaching. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 28, 393-396.Sickel, A. J., & Friedrichsen, P. (2015). Beliefs, practical knowledge, and context: Alongitudinal study of a beginning biology teacher’s 5E unit. School Science and Mathematics,115(2),75-87Siegel, M.A. (2012). Filling in the distance between us: Group metacognition during probem solvingin a secondary education course. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 21(3), 325-341.Sjøberg, S. (2016). OECD, PISA, and Globalization. The Influence of the International AssessmentRegime. In Tienken, C. H. & Mullen, C. A. (Eds). (2016). Education Policy Perils. Tackling theTough Issues.(pp. 102-133). New York: Routledge.Sprinthall, R. C., Schmutte, G. T., and Sirois, L. (1991). Understanding educational research. NewJersey: Prentice Hall.Spronken-Smith, R., Bullard, J., W., Roberts, C., & Keifer, A. (2008). Where might sand dunes be onmars? Engaging students through inquiry-based learning in geography. Journal of Geography in HigherEducation. 32, 71-86.Spronken-Smith, R., & Walker, R. (2010). Can inquiry-based learning strengthen the links betweenteaching and disciplinary research?. Studies in Higher Education, 35(6), 723-740.Stenhouse, L. (1975). An Introduction to Curriculum Research and Development.London: Heinemann Educational Books Ltd.Stotter, J., & Gillon, K. (2010, September). Diversity Challenge Resilience: School Libraries inAction: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial School Library Association of Queensland, the 39thInternational Association of School Librarianship Annual Conference incorporating the 14thInternational Forum on Research in School Librarianship (pp. 1-7), Brisbane QLD Australia.Stronge, J. H., Ward, T. J., Tucker, P.D., & Hindman, J.L. (2008). What Is The Relationship BetweenTeacher Quality And Student Achievement? An exploratory study. Journal of Personnel Evaluation inEducation, 20, 165- 184.Stronge, J.S., Ward, T.J. & Grant, L.W. (2011). What Makes Good Teachers Good?A Cross-Case Analysis of the Connection between Teacher Effectiveness andStudentAchievement. Journal of Teacher Education, 62(4) 339-355.DOI:10.1177/0022487111404241.Sukiman. et al. (2012). Pengajaran Kemahiran Berfikir: Persepsi dan Amalan GuruMatematik Semasa Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Bilik Darjah. Jurnal Sains dan Matematik. Vol. 2No.1 ISSSN 2232-0393Syed Anwar Aly & Merza Abbas.(2000). Penyerapan kemahiran saintifik dalam proses pengajaran danpembelajaran kimia di tahap menengah. Simposium Pendidikan Sains dan Matematik UiTM, Shah Alam pada3 November 2000.Syed Ismail Syed Mustafa & Ahmad Subki Miskon, (2011). Pengantar Pendidikan Edisi Sentakan Terkini.Selangor Darul Ehsan: CIPTA Printing & Publishing(M) Sdn. Bhd.Syer, C. A. (2007). Student Teachers’ Understanding of Inquiry Instruction.Tajularipin Sulaiman & Nor Azlina Abdul Rahim. (2010). Pelbagai pendekatan bagi pengajaran Sainsyang berkesan. Dalam Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub & Nurzatulshima Kamarudin, Isu pengurusan, pengajaran& pembelajaran dalam pendidikan Sains (m.s. 24-34). Universiti Putra Malaysia: Penerbit UniversitiPutra Malaysia.Tamir, P. (1985). Content analysis focusing on inquiry. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 17(1),87-94.Tan Shin Yen & Siti Hajar Halili. (2015). Effective Teaching of Higher-Order Thinking (HOT) inEducation. The Online Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning, 3(2), 41-47.Tan Yin Peen & Mohammad Yusof Arshad. (2014). Teacher and student questions: A case study inMalaysian secondary school problem-based learning. Asian Social Science, 10(4), 174-182.Tatar, N. (2012). Inquiry-based Science Laboratories : An analysis of preservice teachers' beliefsabout learning science through inquiry and their performances. Journal of Baltic ScienceEducation, Vol. 11( 3), 2012Toulmin, S.(1958). The uses of argument. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Trnova, E., & Trna, J. (2012). Development of Science and Technology Gifted Students throughInquiry-Based Science Education. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Education (pp. 838-844). Samos, Greece:Research and Training Institute of East Aegean, Greece.Turner, D.W., (2010). Qualitative interview design: A practical guide for noviceinvestigators. The Qualitative Report, 15(3), 754-760. Retrieved from Tyler R.W.1950. BasicPrinciples of Curriculum and Instruction. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.http://www.nova.edu.ssss/QR/QR15-3/qid.pdfTyler, R. (1950). Basic Principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago: University of ChicagoPress.UNESCO. (2010). Teaching and learning for a sustainable future, Retrieved fromhttp://www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/mods/theme_d/mod22.hmlVon Secker, C. (2010). Effects on inquiry-based teacher practices on science excellence and equity.The Journal of Educational Research, 95(3), 151-160.Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes, In M.Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scriber, & E. Souberman, (Eds. and trans. ), Cambridge, MA: HarvardUniversity Press.Wee, B., Shepardon, D., Fast, J., & Harbor, J., (2007). Teaching and Learning about Inquiry:Insights and Challenge in Professional Development. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 18,63-89.Wellington, J.(1994). Secondary Science. Contemporary issues and practical approaches. London:Routledge.Wilson, C. D., Taylor, J. A., Kowalski, S. M., & Carlson, J. (2010). The relative effects andequity of inquiry-based and commonplace science teaching on students’ knowledge, reasoning, andargumentation. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 47, 276-301. doi: 10.1002/tea.20329Winnie, S.S.L dan Mohammad Yusof Arshad. 2014. Corak Amalan Pengajaran Inkuiri BerdasarkanInteraksi Verbal Guru Kimia. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik 2: 1-10.Wiseman, D.C. (1999). Research strategies for education. Belmount, CA: Wadsworth PublishingCompany.Worth, K., Duque M. & Saltiel E. (2009), Designing and implementing Inquiry based ScienceUnits.Edited and Published by La main à la pâte, URL: http:// www.fondation-lamap.org/sites/default/files/upload/media/minisites/seminaire_international/Guide_IBSE_light.pdf .Yalcinoglu,P.(2007). Evolution as Represented through Argumentation: A QualitativeStudy on Reasoning and Argumentation in High School Biology Teaching Practices. TesisDoktor Falsafah. The Ohio State University.Yeam, Koon Peng (2007) Tahap Pencapaian Dan Pelaksanaan Kemahiran Proses Sains Dalam Kalangan GuruPelatih. Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.Yoon, H.G., Joung, Y.J., & Kim, M. (2012). The challenges of science inquiry teaching forpre-service teachers in elementary classrooms: Difficulties on and under the scene.Research inScience Education, 42, 589-608. doi: 10.1007/s11165-011-9212-yMohd Yusri Ibrahim (2010). Bimbingan cepat analisis data penyelidikan untuk Pendidikan dan SainsSosial. Pahang: Bandar Ilmu.Zainal Abidin, N. (2007). Kesan Penggunaan Peta Konsep Ke Atas Pencapaian Mata Pelajaran RekabentukSistem Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Program Ijazah Sarjana Muda Teknologi Maklumat danMultimedia.Tesis Sarjana. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn.Zaini Abdullah, Mohmad Noor Mohmad Taib, Ikhsan Othman, Norila Md Salleh, Abu Bakar Yusuf & AbdulTalib Mohamed Hashim. (2012). Perkembangan Pendidikan di Malaysia: Falsafah dan Dasar : UniversitiPendidikan Sultan Idris.Zainudin Awang. (2012). Research Methodology and Data Analysis. Penerbit Universiti TeknologiMara Press.Zamri Mahamod & Nor Razah Lim. (2011, Mei). Kepelbagaian kaedah penyoalan Lisan dalam pengajaranguru Bahasa Melayu: Kaedah pemerhatian. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 1 (1), 51-65. ISSN:2180-4842. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.Zanaton Hj Iksan. (2011). Amalan penyoalan lisan guru kimia dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaranelektrokimia. Universiti Malaya.Zikmund, Babin, Carr & Griffin. (2010). Business research metods (8th ed.).Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning.Zion, M., Cohen, S., & Amir, R. (2007). The spectrum of dynamic inquiry teachingpractice. Research in Science Education, 37, 423-447.

Similar Items