Penerimaan pendekatan pembelajaran teradun dalam kalangan guru pra perkhidmatan

Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tahap penerimaan pendekatan pembelajaranteradun dalam kalangan Guru Pra Perkhidmatan (OPP). Selain itu, kajian ini juga untukmengetahui tahap kemahiran teknologi, kemahiran pedagogi, keinovatifan individu, efikasi kendiri komputer dan pengetahuan pembe...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Nuurul Najwa Zulkifle
Format: thesis
Language:zsm
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5903
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:5903
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language zsm
topic LB Theory and practice of education
spellingShingle LB Theory and practice of education
Nuurul Najwa Zulkifle
Penerimaan pendekatan pembelajaran teradun dalam kalangan guru pra perkhidmatan
description Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tahap penerimaan pendekatan pembelajaranteradun dalam kalangan Guru Pra Perkhidmatan (OPP). Selain itu, kajian ini juga untukmengetahui tahap kemahiran teknologi, kemahiran pedagogi, keinovatifan individu, efikasi kendiri komputer dan pengetahuan pembelajaran teradun dalam menyumbang kepada penerimaan pembelajaran teradun dalam kalangan OPP. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan rekabentuk kajian tinjauan digunakan dalam kajian ini. Seramai 320 OPP daripada Universiti PendidikanSultan Idris dipilih secara rawak mudah sebagai responden kajian. Dapatan kajianmenunjukkan OPP mempunyai kemahiran pedagogi abad 21 yang tinggi (min=3.796, sp=0.816), keinovatifan individu yang tinggi dalam mencuba sesuatu inovasi (min=3.753, sp=0.759) dan juga mempunyai pengetahuan berkaitan pembelajaran teradun (min=3.956, sp=0.685). Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan OPP kurang berkemahiran dalampenggunaan teknologi (min=3.367, sp=0.999), kurang efikasi kendiri komputer untuk pengajaran yangmenggunakan bahan ICT (min=3.449, sp=0.933), dan kurang menerima dan melaksanakan pembelajaran teradun dalam PdP (min=2.95 l, sp=l.164). Seterusnya, dapatan bagiujian korelasi menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kemahiran teknologi(r=0.528), kemahiran pedagogi (r=0.34 l ), keinovatifan individu (r=0.313), efikasi kendirikomputer (r=0.471), pengetahuan pembelajaran teradun (r=0.199) dengan penerimaanpembelajaran teradun. Semua kolerasi tersebut adalah signifikan iaitu p
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author Nuurul Najwa Zulkifle
author_facet Nuurul Najwa Zulkifle
author_sort Nuurul Najwa Zulkifle
title Penerimaan pendekatan pembelajaran teradun dalam kalangan guru pra perkhidmatan
title_short Penerimaan pendekatan pembelajaran teradun dalam kalangan guru pra perkhidmatan
title_full Penerimaan pendekatan pembelajaran teradun dalam kalangan guru pra perkhidmatan
title_fullStr Penerimaan pendekatan pembelajaran teradun dalam kalangan guru pra perkhidmatan
title_full_unstemmed Penerimaan pendekatan pembelajaran teradun dalam kalangan guru pra perkhidmatan
title_sort penerimaan pendekatan pembelajaran teradun dalam kalangan guru pra perkhidmatan
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia
publishDate 2018
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5903
_version_ 1747833234771673088
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:59032021-04-27 Penerimaan pendekatan pembelajaran teradun dalam kalangan guru pra perkhidmatan 2018 Nuurul Najwa Zulkifle LB Theory and practice of education Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tahap penerimaan pendekatan pembelajaranteradun dalam kalangan Guru Pra Perkhidmatan (OPP). Selain itu, kajian ini juga untukmengetahui tahap kemahiran teknologi, kemahiran pedagogi, keinovatifan individu, efikasi kendiri komputer dan pengetahuan pembelajaran teradun dalam menyumbang kepada penerimaan pembelajaran teradun dalam kalangan OPP. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan rekabentuk kajian tinjauan digunakan dalam kajian ini. Seramai 320 OPP daripada Universiti PendidikanSultan Idris dipilih secara rawak mudah sebagai responden kajian. Dapatan kajianmenunjukkan OPP mempunyai kemahiran pedagogi abad 21 yang tinggi (min=3.796, sp=0.816), keinovatifan individu yang tinggi dalam mencuba sesuatu inovasi (min=3.753, sp=0.759) dan juga mempunyai pengetahuan berkaitan pembelajaran teradun (min=3.956, sp=0.685). Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan OPP kurang berkemahiran dalampenggunaan teknologi (min=3.367, sp=0.999), kurang efikasi kendiri komputer untuk pengajaran yangmenggunakan bahan ICT (min=3.449, sp=0.933), dan kurang menerima dan melaksanakan pembelajaran teradun dalam PdP (min=2.95 l, sp=l.164). Seterusnya, dapatan bagiujian korelasi menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kemahiran teknologi(r=0.528), kemahiran pedagogi (r=0.34 l ), keinovatifan individu (r=0.313), efikasi kendirikomputer (r=0.471), pengetahuan pembelajaran teradun (r=0.199) dengan penerimaanpembelajaran teradun. Semua kolerasi tersebut adalah signifikan iaitu p 2018 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5903 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=5903 text zsm closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia Ab. Halim Tamuri, Muhamad Faiz Ismail & Kamarul Azmi Jasmi. (2012). Komponen asas untuk latihanguru pendidikan islam. Global journal al-thaqafah 2, no. 2 (2012): 53-63.Ab.Hamid Ali, Abdullah Yusoff, Muhammad Ridzuan Idris, Abd. Aziz Zaki Razali & Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman., (2017). Kompetensi guru pelatih di sebuah institut pendidikan guru dalammelaksanakan latihan mengajar. JuPiDi: Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 4(2), 39-55.Abd. Razak & Nurul 'Aliyah Hassan (2009). Literasi ICT dalam kalangan pelajar tahun 4Fakulti Pendidikan. Universiti Terknologi Malaysia.Abdirahman Abdulahi Ahmed, Nor Hidayati Zakaria, & Ahmed Hussein Elmi. (2014).An evaluation of viitual learning environment readiness in higher education institutions(heis). Journal of information systems research and innovation.Abdul Latif & Lajiman. (2011). A study of student's perception of teaching and learning in instructional design and technology faculty of languages and communication. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, I (15), 80-86.Abdul Razaq Ahmad, Mohd Mahzan Awang, Ahmad Ali Seman & Ramle bin Abdullah.(2013). The skills of using history textbooks in secondary school. Asian Social Science.Vol. 9, No. 12; 2013.Abdullah Ibrahim. (2010). Pembelajaran berpusatkan pelajar dan kaitannya dengan pembangunan diri dan peluang pekerjaan. In Seminar Penyelidikan Pendidikan Guru Peringkat Kebangsaan. Malaysia: Universiti Malaysia Pahang.Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting socialbehaviour. Englewood Cliffs.Akkoyunlu, B., & Yilmaz-Soylu, M. (2008). A study of student's perceptions in a blendedlearning environment based on different learning styles. Educational Technology & Society,11(1), 183-193.Albion, P. R. (2001). Some factors in the development of self-efficacy beliefs forcomputer use among teacher education students. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education,9(3), 321-347.Alebaikan & Troudi (2010). Blended learning in Saudi universities: Challenges andperspectives. ALT-J. Research in Learning Technology. 18, no. 1: 49-59.Alfahadi, A. M., Alsalhi, A. A., & Alshammari, A. S. (2015). EFL secondary schoolteachers' views on blended learning in Tabuk city. English LanguageTeaching, 8(9), 51.Alseweed, M. A. (2013). Students' achievement and attitudes toward using traditionallearning, blended learning, and virtual classes learning in teaching andlearning at the university level. Studies in Literature and Language, 6(1), 65-73.Arnan Shah (2013). Persepsi guru terhadap pengintegrasian frog vIe dalamproses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. SK Bandar Utama Damansara (4).Petaling Jaya, Selangor.Amrien Hamila & Mohamed Amin. ( 2016). Implementation of Blended Learning inHigher Learning Institutions: A Review of the Literature. InternationalEducation Studies, Vol. 9, No.3; 2016.Analisa Hamdan, Rosseni Din, Aliza Adnan, Siti Zuraida Abdul Manaf, NorMohamad Ismail, Nor Syazwani Mat Salleh, & Hafizi Shafiin (2013).Penggunaan Teknologi Web 2.0 Dalam Pembelajaran Hibrid. TempawanJurnal Penyelidikan, 87-103.Anastasi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Technical and methodological principles.Psychological testing.Anuar Ahmad & Nelson Jinggan. (2015). Pengaruh kompetensi kemahiran gurudalam pengajaran Terhadap pencapaian akademik pelajar dalam matapelajaran Sejarah. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik. Bil. 3 Isu 21.Apriliya Rizkiyah (2015). Penerapan blended learning untuk meningkatkan hasilbelajar siswa pada mata pelajaran ilmu bangunan di kelas x tgb smk negeri 7surabaya. Jurnai kajian pendidikan teknik bangunan, 1 (IIJKPTBI15).Aslina Saad & Ermie Dharlya Daud, 2. (2016). Kepelbagaian Model PenerimaanTeknologi Dan Sistem Maklumat. International Conference on ICT inEducation Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 25 - 26 March 2016.Atkins, N. E. & Vasu, E.S. (1998). The teaching with technology instrument:effectively measuring where teacher are and planning for staff development.Learning and leading with technology 25(8):35-39Azizi Yahaya, Noordin Yahaya, Shahrin Hashim, Jamaludin Ramli, Intan SapinasBahuri (2011). Tinjauan amalan pembelajaran koperatif dalam kalanganpelajar tingkatan dua maktab rendah sains mara. Sains Humanika, 54(J).Azizi Yahya, Peter Voo, Ismail Maakip & Mohd Dahlan A. Malek, (2017). Kaedahpenyelidikan dalam pendidikan. Universisti Pendidikan Sultan ldris.Baharin Abu & Hasnita Ismail @ Nawang (2010). Tahap kesediaan guru pelatihijazah sarjana muda teknologi serta pendidikan kemahiran hidup rnengajarsubjek kemahiran hidup di sekolah menengah. Universiti TerknologiMalaysia.Balakrishnan, M. (2002). Penggunaan komputer oleh guru pelatih: Dahulu, sekarangdan harapan masa depan. Seminar teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi dalampendidikan, MPBL.Balanskat, A., Blamire, R., & Kefala, S. (2006). The ICT impact report. EuropeanSchoolnet. 1, 1-71.Baltaci-Goktalay, S., & Ozdilek, Z. (2010). Pre-service teachers' perceptions aboutweb 2.0 technologies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 4737-4741.Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.Psychological Review, 84 (2),191-215.Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thougth and action: A social cognitivetheory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Bandura, A. (1995). Self-efficacy in changing societies. New York, NY: CambridgeUniversity Press. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers &Teacher Education. Vol. 6, No.1, June 2016, 67-85.Bateman, D. & Willems, J. 2012. Facing off: Facebook and higher education. In L. A.Wankel and C. Wankel (eds.) Misbehaviour Online in Higher Education.Bingley, UK: Emerald, pp. 53-180Berita Harian Online pada 23 November 2017https:llwww.bharian.com.mylberita/nasiona1l2017/11/354387/transformasikpt-sejajar-industri-40Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2008). Social network sites: Definition, history, andscholarship. Journal ofComputer-Mediated Communication. 13: 210-230.Burnett, C. (2010). Technology and literacy in early childhood educational settings: Areview of research. Journal ofearly childhood literacy, 10(3), 247-270.Bushro Ali & Halimah Badioze Zaman. (2008). Kejuruteraan perisian kursusmultimedia matematik berasaskan model kecerdasan pelbagai (MI-MathS).Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Carman, J. M. (2005). Pembelajaran Teradun Design: 5 Key Ingredients.Instructional design.Chen, C.-H., Liao, C.-H., Chen, Y.-C., & Lee, C.-F. (2011). The integration ofsynchronous communication technology into service learning for pre-serviceteachers' online tutoring of middle school students. The Internet and HigherEducation, 14(1),27-33.Chua, Y.P. (2011). Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan: kaedah penyelidikan. McgrawHillEducation.Cimermanova, 1. (2013). Teacher Training in the Virtual Learning Environment.International Journal ofArts and Commerce. 2(10), 1-8.Colorado JT., & Eberle, J. (2010). 'Student demographics and success in onlinelearning Environments'. Emporia State Research Studies, vol. 46, no. 1 , pp. 4-10.Compeau, D. R., & Higgins, C. A. (1995). Computer self-efficacy: Development of ameasure and initial test. MIS quarterly, 189-211.Connelly, L. M. (2008). Pilot studies. Medsurg Nursing, 17(6),411-2.Cottrell, R. R., & McKenzie, J. F. (2010). Health promotion and education researchmethods: Using the five-chapter thesis/dissertation model. Jones & BartlettPublishers.Coutinho, C. P. (2007). Infusing technology in pre service teacher education programsin Portugal: an experience with weblogs. In Society for InformationTechnology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 2527-2534).Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research. Planning, conducting, and evaluatingquantitative and qualitative research.Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methodapproaches (2th ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publication, Inc.Dana Adas & Ayda Bakir. 2013. Writing Difficulties and New Solution: BlendedLearning as an Approach to Improve Writing Abilities (pg. 255). InternationalJournal ofHumanities and Social Science. Vol. 3 NO.9.Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and UserAcceptance ofInformation Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3),319-340.Davis, J. A., (1971). Elementary Survey Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice-HallDayana Farzeeha Ali, Cheng Lee Yee & Mohd Nur Khafiz Hussin. (2014). Persepsiguru-guru terhadap sistem kbsr dan Kssr: satu kajian tinjauan dari aspekKurikulum, kesedian guru dan Pelaksanaannya, Prosiding PersidanganAntarabangsa Kelestarian Insan.Del.acey, B. J. (2002). Case study on technology and distance in education at theHarvard Business School. Educational Technology and Society, 5(2), 13-28.Demir, K. (2006). Rogers' theory of the diffusion of innovations and online courseregistration. Educational Administration: Theory & Practice, 47, 386-392.Dillenbourg, P., Schneider, D., Synteta, P. (2002). Virtual Learning Environments.Proceedings of the 3rd Hellenic Conference "Information & CommunicationTechnologies in Education", pp. 3-18.Downing, J. J., & Dyment, J. E. (2013). Teacher educators' readiness, preparation,and perceptions of preparing preservice teachers in a fully online environment:An exploratory study. The Teacher Educator, 48(2), 96-109.Eddy, L. J., Nor-Aziah, A., & Jasmine, J. (2014). Blended Learning: ExaminingConcepts and Practices. In E. Mohamed-Amin (Ed.), Blended & FlippedLearning: Case Studies in Malaysian HEIs. Bangi: Pusat Pengajaran &Teknologi Pembelajaran, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Endacott, J. (2010). Reconsidering affective engagement in historical empathy.Theoryand Research in Social Education, 38 (1), 6-49Faizatul Hafilah Abdul Halim & Nor Syahilia Aris. (2016). Persepsi pelajar terhadappembelajaran teradun (blended Learning). Journal oftechnical and vocationaleducation. Volume 1, no. 2, page 53-63.Farahiza Zaihan Azizan. (2010). Blended learning in higher education institution inMalaysia, In Proceedings of Regional Conference on Knowledge Integrationin ICT, (pp. 454-466).Felder, R.M. and Brent, R. 2005. Understanding Student Differences. InternationalJournal ofEngineering Education, 94(1): 57-72.Fisk P (2017) Education 4.0. http://www.thegeniusworks.com/2017/01/futureeducation-young-everyone-taught-togetherFoulger, T. S., Wetzel, K., Buss, R. R., & Lindsey, L. (2012). Preservice teachereducation: Benchmarking a stand-alone ed tech course in preparation forchange. Paper presented at the ISTE 2012, San Diego, CA.FrogAsia,. (2014). IBestariNet.Garnham, C., & Kaleta, R. (2002). Hybrid courses. Teaching with Technology Today,8(6), 1-3.Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. D. (2008). Blended learning in higher education:Framework, principles, and guidelines. John Wiley & Sons.Gecer, A., & Dag, F. (2012). A blended learning experience. Educational Sciences:Theory and Practice, 12(1),438- 442.Ghazali Darusalam & Sufean Hussin (2016). Metodologi penyelidikan dalampendidikan: Amalan dan analisis kajian. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit UniversitiMalaya.Gilakjani , A. P. (2013). Factors Contributing to Teachers' Use of ComputerTechnology in the Classroom. Universal Journal of Educational Research,1(3),262-267.Gong, M., Xu, Y & Yu, YH. 2004. An Enhanced technology acceptance model forweb based learning. Journal of Information Systems Education, 15(4): 365-347.Goulette, E., & Swanson, P. (2017). Video considerations for the world languageedTPA. In M. Khosrow-Pour (Ed.), Encyclopedia of information science andtechnology (4th ed.). (pp. 7682-7691). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.Granito, M., & Chernobilsky, E. (2012). The effect of technology on a student'smotivation and knowledge retention. NERA Conference Proceedings 2012. 17.Greenhaw, C. (2011). Online social networks and learning. On the Horizon, 19(1),4-12.Guskey, T. R. (1988). Teacher efficacy, self concept and attitudes towardthe implementation of instructional innovation. Teaching and TeacherEducation, 4(1),63-69.Hafiza Ibrahim, Norehan Abu Hassan & Siti Noor Othman (2016). Kesediaan pelajarpoliteknik sultan azlan shah terhadap penggunaan e-Ieaming. NationalInnovation and Invention Competition Through Exhibition.Hair,J. F., Bush, R. P. & Ortinau, D.J., (2000). Marketing Research. A PracticalApproachfor The New Millennium. Singapore: McGraw Hill.Halimah Harun (2006). Minat, Motivasi dan Kemahiran Mengajar Guru Pelatih.Jurnal pendidikan 31 (2006) 83-96.Hasliza Hashim, Siti Munira, Mohd Nasri & Zarina Mustafa. (2017). Cabaran YangDihadapi Oleh Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan Persekitaran Pembelajaran MayaFrog Di Bilik Darjah. Asia Pacific Journal ofEducators and Education. Vol.31, 115-129,2016.Holt, K. (2011). Digital Approaches to Teaching World History. The Middle GroundJournal, 2, (Spring 2011).Hom, M., & Staker, H. (2011). The rise ofK-12 blended learning. Mountain View.CA: Innosight Institute.Hu, P. J., Clark, T. H. K. & Ma, W. W. 2003. Examining technology acceptance byschool teachers: a longitudinal study. Information & Management, 41(2): 227-241.Huang, R., Ma, D., & Zhang, H. (2008). Towards a design theory of blended learningcurriculum, International Conference on Hybrid Learning and ContinuingEducation.Hubackova, D., Semradova, I., & Klimova, B. F. (2011). Blended learning in aforeign language teaching. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,(28) 281-285. Elsevier Ltd.Inoue, Y. (2010) . Reflections :Two Years after Implementing a Blended EducationalResearch Course. Cases on Online and Blended Learning Technologies inHigher Education: Concepts and Practices EBSCO Publishing, pp. 145- 165.Ismail sahin. (2006). Detailed review of rogers' diffusion of innovations theory andeducational technology-related studies based on rogers' theory. The turkishonlinejournal ofeducational technology. volume 5 Issue 2 Article 3.Isman, A., Abanmy, F. A. A., Hussein, H. B., Al Sandany, M. A., Barakat, E.,Saadany, A., & Abdelrahman, M. (2012). Using Pembelajaran Teradun inDeveloping Student Teachers Teaching Skills. The Turkish Online Journal ofEducational Technology, 11(4),336-345JISC. (2009). Effective Practice in a Digital Age (Bristol, HEFCE).Johari Hassan & Aslinda Mohd Aris. (2010). Tahap Penguasaan Kemahiran PedagogiDi Kalangan Pelajar Tahun Akhir Di Fakulti Pendidikan Utm, Skudai Johor.Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1991). Learning mathematics and cooperativelearning lesson plans for teachers. Interaction Book Co.Jones, A. (2004). A review of the research literature on barriers to the uptake of ICTby teachers. British educational communications and technology agency.Joseph Anjuman & Wan Rozali Hussin. (2013). Iet dan kelestarian penggunaannyadalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran geografi di sekolah. Seminar PendidikanSejarah dan Geografi (UMS, 29 - 30 Ogos 2013)Kalaiselvi Shanmugam & Balamuralithara Balakrishnan. (2017). Kerangka panduanefektifpengajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc) sains menggunakan InformationCommunication Technology (lCT) di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil(SJK)(TAML). Sains Humanika, 10(1).Kamalularian Subari, Muhammad Sukri Saud, Adnan Ahmad & Mohd Ali Jemali(2006). Tahap keterampilan emosi guru-guru pelatih opsyen kemahiran hid upkurses perguruan lepasan ijazah dan kurses diploma perguruan malaysia di duabuah maktab negeri Johor. Prosiding seminar kebangsaan pendidikan teknikdan vokasional.Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat. (2006). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.Kementerian Kewangan Malaysia. (2013). Maklum balas Ke atas laporan Ketua auditNegara. Siri 3 tahun 2013.Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia2013-2025 (Pendidikan Prasekolah hingga Lepas Menengah) Putrajaya:Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan.Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (2013). Pelan pembangunan pendidikan Malaysia2013-2025.(www.moe.gov.my).Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2016). Dokumen Standard Guru Malaysia. Padatalian : http://www.moe.gov.my/Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM). (2015). Pelan Pembangunan PendidikanMalaysia 2015-2025 (Pendidikan Tinggi), 1-12.Khaerudin. (2011). Model pembelajaran blended learning berbasis pendekatankonstruktivistik pada matakuliah evaluasi hasil belajar. Jurnal teknologiPendidikan. Vol. 13 (2): 114-124.Khairah @ Asma'a Baharun, Saedah Siraj dan Muhammad Faizal A. Ghani (2017),Aplikasi pesanan segera mudah alih (mobile instant messaging) dalampembelajaran kolaboratif: satu kajian analisis keperluan. Jurnal kepimpinanpendidikan. Bil 4, Isu 1.Knoblauch, D. H., & Woolfolk Hoy, A. (2008). "Maybe I can teach those kids." Theinfluence of contextual factors on student teachers' efficacy beliefs. Teachingand Teacher Education, 24, 166-179Koch, A., Heo, M., & Kush, J. (2012). Technology integration into pre-serviceteacher training. International Journal of Information and CommunicationTechnology Education, 8(1), 1-14.Koh, J. H., & Frick, T. W. (2009). Instructor and student classroom interactionsduring technology skills instruction for facilitating preservice teachers'computer self-efficacy. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 40(2).211-228.Kong, S. C., Chan, T.-W., Griffin, P., Hoppe, U., Huang, R., Kinshuk, Yu, S. (2014).Eleaming in School Education in the Coming 1 0 Years for Developing 21 stCentury Skills: Critical Research Issues and Policy Implications. EducationTechnology & Society. 17(1), 70-78.Korr, J., Derwin, E. B., Greene, K., & Sokoloff, W. (2012). Transitioning an adultservinguniversity to a blended learning model. The Journal of ContinuingHigher Education, 60(1), 2-11.Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for researchactivities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610.Kipp, K., (2013). Teaching on the Education Frontier: Instructional Strategies forOnline and Blended Classrooms Grades 5-12. John Wiley & Sons.Lane, S. (2016). Developing Employability Skills by Using Blended Learning.American Journal 0.(Educational Research, 4(1), 47-53.Le, Lindsey K. (2013) Teacher-Efficacy for using HOTS Pedagogy in the Classroom.Master's Theses. 406. http://digitalcommons.uconn.edulgs theses/406Lee, G. G., & Lin, H. F. (2005). Customer perceptions of e-service quality in onlineshopping. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 33(2),161-176.Leese, M. (2009). Out of class---out of mind? The use of a virtual learningenvironment to encourage student engagement in out of class activities. BritishJournal 0.(Educational Technology, 40(1), 70-77.Legris, P., Ingham, J., & Collerette, P. (2003). Why do people use informationtechnology? A critical review of the technology acceptance model.Information & management, 40(3),191-204.Liao, C. H., & Huang, W. L (2009). Community adaptability, computer and internetself-efficacy, and intention of blended e-learning, International Journal ofSociety Systems Science, 1(3),209-226.Littrell, A. B., Zagumny, M. J., & Zagumny, L L (2005). Contextual andpsychological predictors of instructional technology use in rural classrooms.Educational Research Quarterly, 29(2), 37.Louise Markovich (2016). Examining Students' Attitudes toward Blended Learning inAdult Literacy and Basic Skills Programs. University of Ontario Institute orTechnology.Lu, J., Yu, C., Liu, C., & Yao, J. E. (2003). Technology acceptance model forwireless Internet. Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications andPolicy, 13,206-222.Luaran, J. @. (2013). Pengintegrasian Web 2.0 dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaransubjek Sejarah dan Geografi. Seminar Pendidikan Sejarah dan Geografi.UMS, 29 - 30 Ogos 2013.M.A1-Muz-Zammil Yasin & Abd. Muezzam Shah Abdullah (2008). Kemahiran ICTdi kalangan guru-guru pelatih UTM: Satu tinjauan. In 1 sf InternationalMalaysian Educational Technology Convention, Malaysia.Macdonald, D. ( 2003). Curriculum change and the post-modem world: Is the schoolcurriculum-reform movement an anachronism? Journal of CurriculumStudies, 35(2), 139-149.Magdeline Anak Nor & Zamri Mahamod. (2014). Penterjemahan PengetahuanPedagogi Kandungan dalam Proses Tindakan Guru Bahasa Iban Baharu danBerpengalaman Bukan Opsyen. Jurnal pendidikan malaysia (malaysianjournal ofeducation), 39(1), 37-49.Mahizer Hamzah & Mohd Azli Yeop. (2016). Frog VLE (persekitaran pembelajaranmaya) dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran: Penerimaan dan kaedahpelaksanaannya. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers &Teacher Education. Vol. 6, No.2, 67-77.Marican, S. (2005). Kaedah penyelidikan sains sosial. Prentice Hall/PearsonMalaysia.Mitchell, D. (2004). Qualities ofAn Innovator. New York: Idea ChampionsMiyazoe, T., & Anderson, T. (2010). Empirical research on learners' perceptions:Interaction equivalency theorem in blended learning. European Journal ofOpen, Distance and E-Learning, 13(1).Moersch, C. (1995). Levels of technology implementation (LoTi): A framework formeasuring classroom technology use. Learning and leading with technology,23,40-40.Mohamad Zaid Mustafa, Mohd Khalil Yaccob, Rosnee Ahad, Abdul Rasid Abd.Razzaq, Ahmad Rizal Madar & Mohd Yusop Ab. Hadi. (2010). Kompetensiguru pelatih keluaran Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia terhadap prosespengajaran amali di dalam bengkel: satu tinjauan dari perspektif gurupembimbing.Mohamed Amin Embi. (2014). Blended & Flipped Learning: Case Studies inMalaysian HEls. Selangor, Malaysia: Centre for Teaching & LearningTechnologies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Mohamed Nor Azhari Azmana, Nur Amierah Azlia, Ramlee Mustaphaa,Balamuralithara Balakrishnanb & Nor Kalsum Mohd Isa (2014). PenggunaanAlat Bantu Mengajar ke Atas Guru Pelatih Bagi Topik Kerja Kayu, Paip danLogam. Sains Humanika, 3(1).Mohammed Mohammed Nasser Hassan Ja'ashan. (2015). Perceptions and attitudestowards blended learning for english courses: a case study of students atUniversity of Bisha. English Language Teaching, Vol. 8, No.9.Mohd Arif Ismail, Rosnaini Mahmud, Noraini Mohamed Noh, Jamil Ahmad & MohdJasmy Abdul Rahman. 2011. Computer self efficacy: Teacher readiness inaccepting Malaysian EduwebTV. World Applied Sciences Journal (LearningInnovation and Intervention for Diverse Learners) 14: 60-66Mohd Azli Yeop & Abd Latif Gapor. (2012). Kesan pendekatan pembelajaranberasaskan projek berteraskan teknologi terhadap pencapaian dan penerimaanpelajar. Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara UPSI, 5, 44-61.Mohd Azli Yeop, Kung Teck Wong & Noraini Mohamed Noh. (2016). PembelajaranTeradun: Satu tinjauan literatur terhadap faktorfaktor penerimaan guru melaluimodel-model penerimaan. Journal ofResearch, Policy & Practice of Teachers& Teacher Education. Vol. 6, No.1, June 2016,67-85.Mohd Izam Ghazali, Hassani Dali, Ruzlan Md Ali & Zainudin Abu Bakar. (2008).Minat guru pelatih terhadap ICT.Mohd Majid Konting. 1990. Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: DewanBahasa dan Pustaka.Mohd Syaubari Othman & Ahmad Yunus Kassim. (2017). Malan penggunaan bahanbantu mengajar (bbm) menerusi pengintegrasian kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi(kbat) dalam kalangan guru pendidikan islam sekolah rendah negeri perak.Journal ofIslamic Educational Research (.!IER), Volume 2, Issue 1Mohd Zailani Ismail & Mohamad Khairi Othman (2017). Amalan pedagogi abad ke-21 dalam kalangan guru pelatih program ijazah sarjana muda perguruan(pismp) pendidikan islam di Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia. JurnalPenyelidikan Dedikasi Jilid 13Mohd. Najib (2003). Reka bentuk tinjauan soal selidik pendidikan. Penerbit UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia (UTM).Mohd. Noorhadi, Mohd. Yusof & Zurinah Tahir, 2017). Kepentingan penggunaanmedia so sial teknologi maklumat dalam pendidikan IPTA. Journal of SocialSciences and Humanities. Vol. 12, No.3.Mosalanejad, L., & Alipor, A. (2010). A blended education program based on criticalthinking and its effect on personality type and attribution style of the students.Turkish Online Journal ofDistance Education, 11 (2).Muhammad Idham, Zamri Mahamod, Melor Md. Yunus & Nik Mohd Rahimi NikYusoff (20lO). Profil Kecerdasan Emosi Guru Pelatih Bahasa Mengikut TahunPengajian. GEMA Online Journal ofLanguage Studies. Volume 10(2) 2010Muhammad Syahir Ghani & Noor Azean Atan. (2014). Kerangka konseppembelajaran teradun dalam persekitaran visual-autentik bagi menyokongkemahiran insaniah pelajar. In: 1st International Education PostgraduateSeminar.Noor Azean Atan & Siti Khatijah Naraman (2010). Penerimaan Guru PelatihTerhadap Penggunaan PPBK: Kajian Kes Terhadap Guru Pelatih, FakultiPendidikan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.Noor Azlan Ahmad Zanzali & Noraziah Binti Kassim @ Aziz. (2010). PenggunaanleT Dalam Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Matematik Di Kalangan Guru-GuruPelatih UTM.Noor Azlan Ahmad Zanzali & Nurdalina Daud (2009). Penggunaan bahan bantumengajar di kalangan guru pelatih UTM yang mengajar matapelajaranmatematik (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia).Noor Erma Abu & Leong Kwan Eu. (2014). Hubungan Antara Sikap, Minat,Pengajaran Guru Dan Pengaruh Rakan Sebaya Terhadap PencapaianMatematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & PengajaranAsia Pasifik (Januari 2014, Bil. 2 Isu 1).Nor Azlah Mohd Jaafar & Fariza Khalid (2014). Keberkesanan KemahiranKomunikasi Di Kalangan Guru Dalam Penggunaan Persekitaran PembelajaranMaya (Frog VLE). Pengajaran Sumber Dan Teknologi Maklumat: ImpaknyaKe Atas Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan 2014, 11,63-69.Nor Zaira Razali, Zolkefli Bahador, Mohd Kasri Saidon, (2016). Faktor-faktor yangmempengaruhi penggunaan vle frog dalam kalangan guru di sekolahmenengah. International Seminar on Generating Knowledge ThroughResearch, Proceedings of the ICECRS, 1(1).Noraini Idris. (2013). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. McGraw-Hill Education.Noraini Mohamed Noh, Mahizer Hamzah, Norazilawati Abdullah, Hani MerylinaAhmad Mustafa & Mohd Arif Ismail (2013). Penggunaan inovasi teknologidalam pengajaran: cabaran guru dalam e- pembelajaran. Proceedings of the 7international malaysian educational technology convention (imetc 2013).Indonesia, 16-18 September 2013.Noraini Mohamed Noh, Mohd. Arif Ismail & Jamil Ahmad. 2010. Efikasi kendirikomputer dan penerimaan inovasi EduwebTV dalam kalangan GuruPerpustakaan Media di sekolah-sekolah Malaysia. Pro siding, the 15thntemational Conference on Education. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute ofEducation, Brunei, 24-27 May. 2010.Noraini Omar. (2008). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pencapaian pelajar dalammata pelajaran pendidikan islam tingkatan lima. Jurnal pendidikan: institutperguruan tun abdul razak. sarawak.Norakma Mohd Daud, Abdul Razak Ahmad & Noria Munirah Yakub (2015).Pembelajaran berteraskan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) di dalampengajaran dan pembelajaran mata pelajaran sejarah. In Proceeding 7thInternational Seminar on Regional Education (Vol. 1, pp. 352-360).Norasyikin Osman & Mohd Isa Hamzah (2016). Hubungan kesediaan pelajarmengikuti pembelajaran berasaskan blended learning berdasarkan jantina danprogram. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik. Bil. 4, Isu 2.Norazilawati Abdullah, Noraini Mohamed Noh, Nik Azmah Nik Yusuff &Rosnidar Mansoroleh (2013). Aplikasi persekitaran pengajaran maya (frogvle) dalam kalangan guru sains. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & MatematikMalaysia, 3(2), 63-76.Norhiza Fadila, Zamri Mahamod & Wan Muna Ruzanna Wan Mohamad. (2016).Kompetensi, sikap dan penggunaan aplikasi web 2.0 sebagai bahan bantumengajar dalam kalangan guru bahasa melayu sekolah rendah (Competencies,Attitude and Application of Web 2.0 as a Teaching Aids among MalayLanguage Primary School Teachers). Jurnai Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 6(2),52-58.Nuanmeesri, S. (2014). A design of the infrastructure and computer network fordistance education, online learning via new media, e-Iearning and blendedlearning. World Academy of Science. Engineering and Technology,International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control andInformation Engineering, 8(9), 1657-1660.Nur Hafizoh Idris & Rohana Hamzah (2013). Nilai profesionalisme bakal guruberteraskan indikator Standard Guru Malaysia (SGM). Jurnal Teknologi(Sciences and Engineering).Nur Wahida Md Hassan, Mohd Mokhtar Tahar & Mohd Hanafi Mohd Yasin. (2017).Teaching and learning using software "let's reading" for malay languagesubjects for students with learning disabilities. Jurnal Penelitian danPengembangan Pendidikan Luar Biasa, 4(1), 63-68.Nurul Juzailah Jemain. (2013). Faktor-faktor Mempengaruhi VLE Frog DalamKalangan Guru Di Sekolah Menengah Kertas Projek. Fakulti Pendidikan,Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.Nurul Nadirah Mohd Kasim & Fariza Khalid. (2016). Kesesuaian PembelajaranTeradun Dari Sudut Pandangan Pelajar Pascasiswazah. InternationalConference On Education For Sustainable Regional Development 2016.Nurul Nashrah Salehudin, Noor Hasimah Hassan & Nur Aida Abd Hamid. (2015).Matematik dan kemahiran abad ke-21: Perspektif pelajar. Jurnal PendidikanMatematik,3 (1),24-36.Owston, R., Wideman, H., Murphy, J., & Lupshenyuk, D. (2008). Blended teacherprofessional development: A synthesis of three program evaluations. TheInternet and Higher Education, 11(3),201-210.Pallant, J. (2011). SPSS Survival Manual a Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis UsingSPSS (4th. Edition). Sydney: Allen & UnwinPartnership for 21 st century skills.http://www.p21.org/ourwork/p21-framework(n.d.). Diperoleh dariPettiward, J. (2011). Putting the Learn Back into Webleam-using a VLE to promoteindependent learning. Investigations in university teaching and learning, 7,141-147.Poon, J. (2013). Blended Learning: An Institutional Approach forEnhancing Students'Learning Experiences MERLOT. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching.Vol. 9, No.2, June 2013.Putman, S. M. (2012). Investigating teacher efficacy: Comparing preservice andinservice teachers with different levels of experience. Action in TeacherEducation, 34, 26--40.Radhiah Muda & Ahmad Zabidi Abdul Razak. (2017). Pengurusan paradoks dalammenyeimbangkan tanggungjawab akademik dan penglibatan sukan golonganmurid atlet. JuPiDi: Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 4(2), 21-28.Rafidah, J. & Mohd Hamdi, Y. (2013), Keberkesanan pengajaran dan pembelajaranbahasa arab berbantukan multimedia: Satu kajian di Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan,Persidangan pendidikan (Penyelidikan dan Inovasi) dalam pendidikan danLatihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (CiE-TVET 2013).Ramlee mustapha & zaharatul laili abdul rahim (2008). Pembelajaran berasaskanmasalah bagi mata pelajaran elektronik: Satu kajian tindakan di sekolahmenengah teknik. Sains Humanika, 49(1).Renuka Ramakrishnan & Siti Hawa Abdullah., (2012). Penggunaan sumber digitalsejarah dalam kalangan guru sejarah. In Seminar Kebangsaan Majlis DekanPendidikan IPTA.Robinson, L. (2009). A summary of diffusion of innovations. Changeology. diambildari http://enablingchange.com.aulSummary_Diffusion_ Theory.pdfRoblyer, M.D. & Doering, A.H. (2013). Integrating Educational Technology intoTeaching (6th ed.).New Jersey: Pearson education.Rogers, E. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4th Ed.). New York, NY: The Free Press.Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion ofInnovations (5th Ed.). New York: The Free Press.Rosemaliza Kamalludeen, Azwani Hassan & Nur Sakinah Ahmad Nasaruddin (2017).Student Usage Patterns of VIe-Frog. Journal of Personalized Learning, 2(1),86-94.Rossafri Mohamad & Shabariah Mohamad Shariff. (2011). Kesan penggunaan lamansosial ke atas kaedah perbincangan di dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaranmata pelajaran sejarah. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan Malaysia, 1 (1), 75-80.Rusinah Joned (2010). Metodologi Penyelidikan DCE 3002. Pusat pendidikan luarUniverisiti Putra Malaysia.Ryberg, T. & Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L., (2010). Analysing Digital Literacy In Action: ACase Study Of A Problem-Oriented Learning Process. In: R. Sharpe, H.Beetham & S. De Frietas, eds.Rethinking Learning for a Digital Age: HowLearners are Shaping their own Experiences. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 170 -183.Saiful Afzan Bam, Lazim Abdullah, Azwadi Ali & Hafiz Yusoff. (2014). Pemodelanpenerimaan pelajar terhadap persekitaran pembelajaran maya (VLE). Journalofbusiness and social development. Volume 2, number 2:36-47Sami Sahin. (2012). Pre-service teachers' perspectives of the diffusion of informationand communications technologies (ICTs) and the effect of case-baseddiscussions (CBDs). Computers & Education. 59(4), 1089-1098.Sang, G., Valcke, M., van Braak, J., & Tondeur, J. (2010). Student teachers' thinkingprocesses and ICT integration: Predictors of prospective teaching behaviorswith educational technology. Computers & Education, 54( 1), 103-112.Sekaran, u., & Bougie, R. (1992). Research Method for Business, A skill buildingapproach. John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York.Shahfiezul Shahaimi & Fariza Khalid. (2015). Persekitaran pembelajaran maya frog(vle-frog) di sekolah-sekolah di Malaysia: Pelaksanaan dan cabaran. InProsiding Seminar Kebangsaan Pendidikan Negara Kali Ke 5 (Vol. 5, No.2015, pp. 28-38).Shakila Che Dahalan & Nor Hashimah Hashim. (2016). Penggunaan gambar digitaldalam kalangan guru pelatih sejarah semasa latihan mengajar. Journal ofglobal business and social entrepreneurship (gbse), Vol. 2: no. 5 (2016) page205-211.Shidler, L. (2009). The impact of time spent coaching for teacher efficacy on studentachievement. Early Childhood Education, 36, 453-460.Shivarn, R., & Singh, S. (2015). Implementation of blanded learning in classroom: Areview paper. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,5(11),369- 372.Siaw Nyuk Hiong & Agatha Francis Umbit. (2015). A pilot study on factors affectingthe use of frog virtual learning environment. Jurnal Penyelidikan IPG KBL.Jilid 12,2015.Sidney R. & Chad J. (2010). An analysis of student self assessment of online,blended, and face-to-face learning environments: implications for sustainableeducation delivery. International Education Studies. Vol. 3, No.3.Singh, H. (2003). Building Effective Blended Learning Program. EducationalTechnology. 43(6): 51-54.Siti Ezaleila Mustafa & Azizah Hamzah (2011). Media baharu yang baharu: Trendpenggunaan jaringan so sial dalam kalangan pengguna di Malaysia. JurnalPengajian Media Malaysia, 13(2), 93-110.Siti Fatimah Ahmad, & Ab. Halim Tamuri, A. H. (2010). Persepsi guru terhadappenggunaan bahan bantu mengajar berasaskan teknologi multimedia dalampengajaran j-QAF. Journal ofIslamic and Arabic Education, 2(2), 53-64.Siti Rajar Halili & Suguneswary. (2016). Penerimaan guru terhadap penggunaanteknologi maklumat dan komunikasi berasaskan model tam dalam pengajaranmata pelajaran bahasa tamil. Jurnal kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik. 4,Isu2[31].Siti Zulaidah Salsidu, Mohamed Nor Azhari Azman & Mai Shihah Abdullah. (2017).Tren pembelajaran menggunakan multimedia interaktif dalam bidangpendidikan teknikal: satu sorotan literatur. Sains Humanika, 9(1-5).Smyth, S., Houghton, c., Cooney, A., & Casey, D. (2012). Students' experiences ofblended learning across a range of postgraduate programmes. Nurse educationtoday, 32(4),464-468.Smythe, M. (2011). Blended learning: A transformative process. In National TertiaryLearning & Teaching Conference.Songkram, N. (2015). E-Iearning system in virtual learning environment to developcreative thinking for learners in higher education. Procedia-Social andBehavioral Sciences, 174,674-679.Soviani, S. (2013). Tingkat penerimaan media video conference dalam prosespembelajaran dengan menggunakan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).Pendidikan Ilmu Komputer FPMIPA.Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. 2013. Using Multivariate Statistics. 6th Edition.USA: Pearson EducationTeng, L. K. (2006). Pengaruh faktor terpilih terhadap efikasi kendiri guru sekolahmenengah di negeri Sarawak. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, UniversitiPutra Malaysia, SelangorTeo, T. (2009). Modelling technology acceptance in education: A study of pre-serviceteachers. Computers & Education, 52(2), 302-312.Theinmoli Munusamy & Maizatul Hayati (2017), keberkesanan penggunaan kaedahfrog vle terhadap pencapaian matematik sekolah rendah. Journal of ICT inEducation (JICTIE). ISSN 2289-7844 / Vol. 4/2017/66-73.Thomas. H. D, & Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations managewhat they know. Harvard Business Press.Varthis, S. (2016). Students' Perceptions ofBlended Learning and its Effectiveness Asa Part ofSecond Year Dental Curriculum. Columbia UniversityVishwanath, A., & Chen, H. (2006). Technology clusters: Using multidimensionalscaling to evaluate and structure technology clusters. Journal of theAssociationfor Information Science and Technology, 57(11), 1451-1460.Warner, R. M. (2008). Applied statistics: From bivariate through multivariatetechniques. Sage.Wayne, J. (2012). Effective Learning - Pembelajaran Teradun and Virtual LearningEnvironment. Diambil dari websitehttp://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/effectivelearning-blended-Iearningandvirtual-Iearning-environmentWiersma, W. (2000). Research Methods In Education: An Introduction 7 th . EdBoston: Allyn & Bacon.Wong, L., Tatnall, A., & Burgess, S. (2014). A framework for investigatingPembelajaran Teradun effectiveness. Education + Training, 56(2), 233-251.Yapici, i. D., & Akbayin, H. (2012). The effect of blended learning model on highschool students' biology achievement and on their attitudes towards theinternet. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology,11(2).Yen, J. C., & Lee, C. Y. (2011). Exploring problem solving patterns and their impacton learning achievement in a blended learning environment. Computers &Education, 56(1), 138-145.Yuen, A. H. (2011). Exploring teaching approaches in blended learning. Research &Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 6(1).Zaharah Hussin, Saedah Siraj, Ghazali Darusalam, Nur Hasbuna & Mohd Salleh.(2015). Kajian model blended learning dalam jurnal terpilih: satu analisakandungan. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik. Bil. 3 Isu 1.Zhao, Y., Pugh, K., Sheldon, S., & Byers, J. L. (2002). Conditions for classroomtechnology innovations. Teachers college record, 104(3),482-515.Ziegler, M., Paulus, T., & Woodside, M. (2006). Creating a climate of engagement ina blended learning environment. Journal of Interactive Learning Research,17(3),295.Zulkarnain Lubis & Abdullah Osman (2015). Statistik dalam penyelidikan sainssosial: Aplikasi danfalsafah. Kangar. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Perlis.Zurina Hamid & Sanitah Mohd Yusof (2014). Pelaksanaan pengajaran danpembelajaran menggunakan frog vle bagi mata pelajaran bahasa melayu disekolah rendah. I" international education postgraduate seminar. UniversitiTerknologi Malaysia.