Metabolic responses to feeding and exercise in men and women
Nutrition and physical activity are the main strategies to improve metabolic healthamong individuals who are obese. However, nutrition (e.g. energy intake reduction)and physical activity are often considered independently rather than interactively;hence, these strategies are not always effective. Th...
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| Format: | thesis |
| Language: | eng |
| Published: |
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6486 |
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| Summary: | Nutrition and physical activity are the main strategies to improve metabolic healthamong individuals who are obese. However, nutrition (e.g. energy intake reduction)and physical activity are often considered independently rather than interactively;hence, these strategies are not always effective. The purpose of this thesis was toinvestigate how nutrition and physical activity interact to influence metabolic relevantfactors in obesity. In a first study it was observed, in a group of obese oroverweight/centrally obese men, that an acute bout of aerobic exercise performedin the overnight-fasted state substantially increased whole-body exercise fatoxidation and Type I fibre intramyocellular triacylglycerol (IMTG) utilisation ascompared to exercise performed in the fed state. In a second study, it wasdemonstrated that, like men, obese or overweight/centrally obese womenresponded to overnight-fasted vs. fed state exercise by considerably increasedwhole-body fat oxidation during exercise. Additionally, consuming breakfast afterexercise as compared to before exercise suppressed appetite sensations anddecreased subsequent energy intake at a later ad libitum style lunch. Comparisonsbetween the men and women provided initial evidence that the magnitude of changein substrate utilisation with pre-exercise feeding was greater in women as comparedto men. In a final study, a sex-difference in the response to feeding was confirmed,with women exhibiting an earlier metabolic response to glucose feeding and quickerreturn to baseline than men. In conclusion, the findings from this thesis havedeveloped new insights in the understanding of the impact of feeding on substrateutilisation during exercise and the influences of biological sex on metabolicresponses to feeding. This understanding may have practical implications on currentpractice, for example in terms of guiding future experimental research whereby sexdifferencesshould be accounted in the metabolic research. The findings also canbe applied in promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours and informing public healthpolicy. |
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