Kesan modul pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (MICRO-C PRO) terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar di Kolej Vokasional
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan dan mengkaji kesan modul MIKRO-C PRO berdasarkan pendekatan pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (PBM) terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar di Kolej Vokasional Malaysia. Kajian kuasi-eksperimen dijalank...
Saved in:
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | thesis |
Language: | zsm |
Published: |
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6920 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:6920 |
---|---|
record_format |
uketd_dc |
institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
collection |
UPSI Digital Repository |
language |
zsm |
topic |
|
spellingShingle |
Najwa Mohd Najid Kesan modul pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (MICRO-C PRO) terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar di Kolej Vokasional |
description |
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan dan mengkaji kesan modul MIKRO-C PRO berdasarkan pendekatan pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (PBM) terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar di Kolej Vokasional Malaysia. Kajian kuasi-eksperimen dijalankan ke atas 98 orang pelajar Diploma kursus Teknologi Elektronik semester lima, yang mengambil mata pelajaran Pengawal Mikro daripada empat buah Kolej Vokasional di zon utara menggunakan persampelan berkelompok. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 48 orang pelajar kumpulan rawatan dan 50 orang pelajar kumpulan kawalan. Modul MIKRO-C PRO dibina merangkumi tajuk Mengaplikasikan Set Arahan Pengawal Mikro. Pelaksanaan modul MIKRO-C PRO dijalankan selama 10 minggu intervensi. Kesan modul MIKRO-C PRO diukur menggunakan instrumen ujian pencapaian Pengawal Mikro, soal selidik kemahiran penyelesaian masalah (PSI), motivasi intrinsik (IMI) dan efikasi kendiri (GSES). Data yang diperolehi dianalisa dengan menggunakan ujian MANCOVA dan keputusannya diterjemahkan. Didapati, pencapaian pelajar dalam kumpulan PBM lebih tinggi berbanding kumpulan kawalan [F(1,98) = 32.846, p<.05]. Kemahiran penyelesaian masalah pelajar juga lebih tinggi berbanding kumpulan kawalan [F(1, 98) = 11.742, p<.05]. Motivasi intrinsik pelajar pula lebih tinggi berbanding kumpulan kawalan [F(1, 98) = .663, p<.05]. Walaubagaimanapun, efikasi kendiri pelajar bagi kumpulan PBM tidak berbeza berbanding kumpulan kawalan [F(1, 98) = 4.243, p>.05]. Oleh itu, dapat disimpulkan bahawa penggunaan modul MICRO- C PRO telah meningkatkan pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar, akan tetapi tidak meningkatkan efikasi kendiri mereka berbanding kaedah pengajaran secara konvensional. Implikasinya, penggunaan modul MICRO-C PRO berteraskan PBM dalam kajian ini boleh dimanfaatkan oleh tenaga pengajar di kolej vokasional ke arah memperkayakan bahan bantu pengajar dan rujukan tambahan pengajaran dan pembelajaran mata pelajaran Pengawal Mikro. |
format |
thesis |
qualification_name |
|
qualification_level |
First Degree |
author |
Najwa Mohd Najid |
author_facet |
Najwa Mohd Najid |
author_sort |
Najwa Mohd Najid |
title |
Kesan modul pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (MICRO-C PRO) terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar di Kolej Vokasional |
title_short |
Kesan modul pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (MICRO-C PRO) terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar di Kolej Vokasional |
title_full |
Kesan modul pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (MICRO-C PRO) terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar di Kolej Vokasional |
title_fullStr |
Kesan modul pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (MICRO-C PRO) terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar di Kolej Vokasional |
title_full_unstemmed |
Kesan modul pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (MICRO-C PRO) terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar di Kolej Vokasional |
title_sort |
kesan modul pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (micro-c pro) terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar di kolej vokasional |
granting_institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
granting_department |
Fakulti Teknikal dan Vokasional |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6920 |
_version_ |
1747833330992152576 |
spelling |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:69202022-04-05 Kesan modul pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (MICRO-C PRO) terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar di Kolej Vokasional 2020 Najwa Mohd Najid Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan dan mengkaji kesan modul MIKRO-C PRO berdasarkan pendekatan pembelajaran berasaskan masalah (PBM) terhadap pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar di Kolej Vokasional Malaysia. Kajian kuasi-eksperimen dijalankan ke atas 98 orang pelajar Diploma kursus Teknologi Elektronik semester lima, yang mengambil mata pelajaran Pengawal Mikro daripada empat buah Kolej Vokasional di zon utara menggunakan persampelan berkelompok. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 48 orang pelajar kumpulan rawatan dan 50 orang pelajar kumpulan kawalan. Modul MIKRO-C PRO dibina merangkumi tajuk Mengaplikasikan Set Arahan Pengawal Mikro. Pelaksanaan modul MIKRO-C PRO dijalankan selama 10 minggu intervensi. Kesan modul MIKRO-C PRO diukur menggunakan instrumen ujian pencapaian Pengawal Mikro, soal selidik kemahiran penyelesaian masalah (PSI), motivasi intrinsik (IMI) dan efikasi kendiri (GSES). Data yang diperolehi dianalisa dengan menggunakan ujian MANCOVA dan keputusannya diterjemahkan. Didapati, pencapaian pelajar dalam kumpulan PBM lebih tinggi berbanding kumpulan kawalan [F(1,98) = 32.846, p<.05]. Kemahiran penyelesaian masalah pelajar juga lebih tinggi berbanding kumpulan kawalan [F(1, 98) = 11.742, p<.05]. Motivasi intrinsik pelajar pula lebih tinggi berbanding kumpulan kawalan [F(1, 98) = .663, p<.05]. Walaubagaimanapun, efikasi kendiri pelajar bagi kumpulan PBM tidak berbeza berbanding kumpulan kawalan [F(1, 98) = 4.243, p>.05]. Oleh itu, dapat disimpulkan bahawa penggunaan modul MICRO- C PRO telah meningkatkan pencapaian, kemahiran penyelesaian masalah, dan motivasi intrinsik pelajar, akan tetapi tidak meningkatkan efikasi kendiri mereka berbanding kaedah pengajaran secara konvensional. Implikasinya, penggunaan modul MICRO-C PRO berteraskan PBM dalam kajian ini boleh dimanfaatkan oleh tenaga pengajar di kolej vokasional ke arah memperkayakan bahan bantu pengajar dan rujukan tambahan pengajaran dan pembelajaran mata pelajaran Pengawal Mikro. 2020 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6920 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6920 text zsm closedAccess First Degree Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Teknikal dan Vokasional Aidoo, B., Boateng, S. K., Kissi, P. S., & Ofori, I. (2016). Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Students Achievement in Chemistry. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(33), 103108.Ajao, L. A., Agajo, J., Kolo, J. G., Adegboye, M. A., & Yusuf, Y. (2015). Project-Based Microcontroller System Laboratary Using BK300 Development Board with PIC16F887 Chip. International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications(IJESA), 5(3), 1528. doi:DOI : 10.5121/ijesa.2015.5302Aldarmahi, A. A. (2016). The Impact of Problem Based Learning versus Conventional Education on Students in the Aspect of Clinical Reasoning and Problem Solving. Education in Medicine Journal, 8(3). doi:10.5959/eimj.v8i3.430Aldoobie, N. (2015). ADDIE Model. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 5(6).Alias, M. (2012). The Effect of Problem Based Learning on Students Knowledge Acquisition, Critical Thinking Ability, and Intrinsic Motivation in the Polytechnics Electrical Engineering Course. UTHM. Doctoral Dissertation.Alias, M. (2015). Problem Based Learning Instruction Approaches for Students Intrinsic Motivation Stimulus. International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research, 1(3), 4248. doi:10.11648/j.ijvetr.20150103.12Alias, M., & Sulaiman, Y. (2010). Problem based learning model: A collection from literature. Asian Social Science, 6(8). doi:10.5539/ass.v6n8p148Alias, M., & Sulaiman, Y. (2011). The Effect of Problem Based Learning on Students Knowledge Acquisition, Critical Thinking Ability, and Intrinsic Motivation in the Polytechnic'S Electrical Engineering Course. In Seminar Pasca Ijazah dalam Pendidikan (pp. 4455).Alwis, W. A. M., & OGrady, G. (2002). One day, one problem: PBL at the Republic Polytechnic. In Citeseer (pp. 18). Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.111.8461Anantasuk, N. (2019). EFFECTS OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING APPROACH ON PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS AND COOPERATIVE WORKINGABILITY OF EIGHTH-GRADE STUDENTS. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 12771284. doi:10.20319/pijss.2019.43.12771284Angeli, C. (2002). Teachers Practical Theories for the Design and Implementation of Problem-Based Learning. Science Education International, 13(3), 915. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ656468&site=ehost-liveAnjum, A., Ilyas, M. U., Gorden, D., Gar, C., Guo et al, B., Anjum, A., Friess, P. (2014). Internet of Things - From Research and Innovation to Market Deployment. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. (including Subser. Lect. Notes Artif. Intell. Lect. Notes Bioinformatics) (Vol. 6). doi:10.1007/s11036-012-0415-xAppleby, D. C. (2017). The soft skills college students need to succeed now and in the future. American Psychological Association, (September). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/psn/2017/09/soft-skills.aspxArgaw, A. S., Haile, B. B., Ayalew, B. T., & Kuma, S. G. (2017). The effect of problem based learning (PBL) instruction on students motivation and problem solving skills of physics. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(3), 857871. doi:10.12973/eurasia.2017.00647aArman, A. M. (2019). The Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning Method on Students Achievement in An Analog Electronics Course at Palestine Polytechnic University. Transactions on Networks and Communications, 7(6), 2733. doi:10.14738/tnc.76.7586Asad, M., Iqbal, K., & Sabir, M. (2015). Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning as a Strategy to Foster Problem Solving and Critical Reasoning Skills among Medical Students. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 27(3), 6047. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721019Aurah, C. M., Cassady, J. C., & McConnell, T. J. (2014). Predicting Problem Solving Ability from Metacognition and Self-Efficacy Beliefs on a Cross Validated Sample. British Journal of Education, 2(1), 4972. Retrieved from http://www.eajournals.org/journals/british-journal-of-education-bje/vol-2-issue- 1march-2013/predicting-problem-solving-ability-metacognition-self-efficacy- beliefs-cross-validated-sample-2/Ausubel, D. P. (1968). Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View. Educational psychology a cognitive view. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. doi:10.1107/S010827019000508XAzizah, U., Nasrudin, H., & Mitarlis. (2019). Metacognitive Skills: A Solution in Chemistry Problem Solving. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1417). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1417/1/012084Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122147. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. PrenticeHall series in social learning theory (Vol. 1).Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: WH Freeman and Company.Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentive perspective,. Annual Review of Psychology, 1(52), 126.Barrows, H. S. (1986). A Taxonomy of Problem-based Learning Methods. Medical Education, 20(6), 481486. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01386.xBarrows, H. S., & Tamblyn, R. M. (1980). Problem based-learning: An Approach to Medical Education (Vol. 1). New York: Springer Publishing Company.Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering : A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology.Cambridge, Social Psychology, 111. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1933.tb02913.xBatdi, V. (2014). A Meta-Analysis Study Comparing Problem Based Learning with Traditional Instruction. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Retrieved from http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/esosder/article/view/5000076864Bergman, E. M., Sieben, J. M., Smailbegovic, I., de Bruin, A. B. H., Scherpbier, A. J.J. A., & van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2013). Constructive, collaborative, contextual, and self-directed learning in surface anatomy education. Anatomical Sciences Education, 6, 114124. doi:10.1002/ase.1306Bloom, B. (1984). Taksonomy of Educational Objectives. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.Branchini, E., Savardi, U., & Bianchi, I. (2015). Productive Thinking: The Role of Perception and Perceiving. Gestalt Theory, 37(1), 724. Retrieved from http://gth.krammerbuch.at/sites/default/files/articles/AHAH callback/01_Branchini.pdfBrandt, B. L. (1996). Cognitive learning theory and continuing health professions education. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 16(4), 197202. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,url,uid,cookie &db=c8h&AN=1997047686&site=ehost-liveBrindley, G. (1989). The Role of Needs Analysis in Adult ESL Programme Design. The Second Language Curriculum. Cabridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139524520.007Brown, J. D. (1995). The Elements of Language Curriculum: A Systematic Approach to Program Development. New York: Heinle & Heinle.Burgess, A., Bleasel, J., Haq, I., Robert, C., Garsia, R., Robertson, T., & Mellis, C. (2017). Team-based learning (TBL) in the medical curriculum: better than PBL? BMC Medical Education, 17, 243. doi:doi:10.1186/s12909-017-1068-zBurris, S. (2005). Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Critical Thinking Ability and Content Knowledge of Secondary Agriculture Students. University of Missouri: Ph.D. Thesis.Campbell, D., & Stanley, J. C. T. (1966). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Chicago: Rand: McNally College Pub. Co.Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.Celik, P., Onder, F., & Silay, I. (2011). The effects of problem-based learning on the students success in physics course. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, 656660. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.124Chee Wan, T. (2013). FULLY ARMed NXT: ARM Assembly Language Programming Using the LEGO MINDSTORMS NXR. Penang: School of Computer Sciences.Cheok, A. D., Nijholt, A., & Romo, T. (2014). Entertaining the Whole World. Human Computer Interaction Series. London: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471- 6446-3Chng, E., Yew, E. H. J., & Schmidt, H. G. (2011). Effects of tutor-related behaviours on the process of problem-based learning. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 16(4), 491503. doi:10.1007/s10459-011-9282-7Choi, E., Lindquist, R., & Song, Y. (2014). Effects of problem-based learning vs. traditional lecture on Korean nursing students critical thinking, problem-solving, and self-directed learning. Nurse Education Today, 34(1), 5256. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2013.02.012Christiansen, E. T., Kuure, L., Mrch, A., & Lindstrm, B. (2013). Problem-Based Learning for The 21st Century: New Practices and Learning Environments (1 ed.). Aalborg Universityforlag.Chua, Y. P. (2006). Kaedah dan Statistik Penyelidikan: Kaedah Penyelidikan, Buku 1.Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill.Chua, Y. P. (2014). Kaedah dan Statistik Penyelidikan Buku 4: Ujian Univariat dan Multivariat. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill.Clara Davies. (2008). Learning and Teaching in Laboratories. Higher Education Academic Engineering Subject Centre, 126.Cohen, J. (1968). Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychological Bulletin, 70(4), 213220.Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education (6th Ed.). Routledge.Crandall, J., & Sheppard, K. (1993). Adult ESL and the Community College. ERIC. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED364127.pdf Disember 2015Crebert, G., Patrick, C. J., Cragnolini, V., Smith, C., Worsfold, K., & Webb, F. (2011). Problem Solving Skills Toolkit. Dicapai daripada http://www.griffith.edu.au/gihe/resources-support/g raduate-attributes, Mac 15, 2015.Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th Ed.). Sage.Cubero, S. N. (2015). A fun and effective self-learning approach to teaching microcontrollers and mobile robotics. International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, 122. doi:10.1177/0020720915585798Dagar, V., & Yadav, A. (2016). Constructivism: A Paradigm for Teaching and Learning. Arts and Social Sciences Journal, 7(4), 14.Dagyar, M., & Demirel, M. (2015). Effects of problem-based learning on academic achievement: A meta-analysis study. Egitim ve Bilim, 40(181), 139174. doi:10.15390/EB.2015.4429Davis, M. H., Karunathilake, I., & Harden, R. M. (2005). AMEE Education Guide no. 28: The development and role of departments of medical education. Medical Teacher, 27(8), 665675.Defelice, R. A. (2015). An Examination of the Effects of Multiple Learning Environments on Problem Solving in Graduate Instructional Design Students.Demirel, M., & Da?yar, M. (2016). Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Attitude: A Meta-analysis Study. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 12(8), 21152137. doi:10.12973/eurasia.2016.1293Demirel, M., & Turan, B. A. (2010). the Effects of Problem Based Learning on Achievement, Attitude, Metacognitive Awareness and Motivation. Hacettepe Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi-Hacettepe University Journal of Education, (38), 5566.Demiroren, M., Turan, S., & Oztuna, D. (2016). Medical students self-efficacy in problem-based learning and its relationship with self-regulated learning. Medical Education Online, 21, 18. doi:10.3402/meo.v19.25254Denhere, C., Chinyoko, K., & Mambeu, J. (2013). Vygotskys Zone of Proximal Development Theory: What are its Implications for Mathematical Teaching? Greener Journal of Social Sciences, 3(7), 371377.Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and Education. New York: Collier and kappa Delta Pi.Dick, W., & Carey, L. (1978). The Systematic Design of Instruction: Origins of Systemically Designed Instruction. In Ely & Plomp, vol 2 (pp. 7180).Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2001). The Systematic Design of Instruction (Vol. 5). New York: Longman.Dick, W., Lou, C., & Carey, O. J. (2005). The Systematic Design of Instruction.Educational Technology Research and Development (Vol. 54).Dick, W., & Reiser, R. A. (1989). Planning Effective Instruction. Prentice Hall.Dolmans, D. H. J. M., De Grave, W., Wolfhagen, I. H. A. P., & Van Der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2005). Problem-based learning: Future challenges for educational practice and research. Medical Education. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02205.xDolmans, D. H., Loyens, S. M., Marcq, H., & Gijbels, D. (2015). Deep and surface learning in problem-based learning: a review of the literature. Advances in Health Sciences Education. doi:10.1007/s10459-015-9645-6Dunlap, J. C. (2005). Problem-Based Learning and Self-Efficacy: How a Capstone Course Prepares Students for a Profession. Educational Technology Research and Development, 53(1), 6585. doi:10.1007/BF02504858Easley, J. A. (1978). The Development of Thought: Equilibration of Cognitive Structures by Jean Piaget. Educational Researcher, 7(11), 1819.Edens, K. M. (2000). Preparing Problem Solvers for the 21st Century through Problem- Based Learning. College Teaching, 48(2), 5560. doi:10.1080/87567550009595813El-Abd, M. (2017). A Review of Embedded Systems Education in the Arduino Age: Lessons Learned and Future Directions. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP), 7(2), 79. doi:10.3991/ijep.v7i2.6845Estivill-Castro, V. (2010). Concrete Programming for Problem Solving Skills. In Edulearn10: International Conference On Education And New Learning Technologies.Eysenck, M., & Keane, M. (1995). Cognitive psychology: A students handbook (3rd. ed.). East Sussex: Psycology Press.Faaizah Shahbodin, & Halimah Badioze Zaman. (2009). Penerapan pendekatan PBL dalam pakej multimedia C2 HADAM : Konstruk keberkesanan. Jurnal Teknologi Maklumat & Multimedia, 5, 2546.Faridah, M. J., Norlia, A. A., Widad, O., Hairul, N. I., & Zainudin, M. I. (2014). Amalan Pengajaran Kemahiran Abad Ke 21 Di Kolej Vokasional Sungai Petani 1, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia. The 8th International Conference on Indonesia-Malaysia Relations, Pekanbaru. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/17979233/Amalan_Pengajaran_Kemahiran_Abad_Ke_21_Di_Kolej_Vokasional_Sungai_Petani_1_Kedah_Darul_Aman_MalaysiaFeisel, L. D., & Rosa, A. J. (2005). The Role of the Laboratory in Undergraduate Engineering Education. Journal of Engineering Education, 94(1), 121130. doi:10.1002/j.2168-9830.2005.tb00833.xFelder, R. M., & Brent, R. (2001). Effective Strategies for Cooperative Learning. Journal of Cooperation & Collaboration College Teach., 10(2), 6975. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(96)00045-5Filippatou, D., & Kaldi, S. (2010). Within the context of student-centered learning, project-based teaching method has become increasingly prominent as a response of schooling to the challenges of the 21. International Journal of Special Education, 25, 1726.Fox, R. (2001). Constructivism Examined. Oxford Review of Education, 27(October 2014), 2335. doi:10.1080/03054980125310Fraenkal, J., & Wallen, N. (2008). How To Design and Evaluate Research in Education.New York: McGraw-Hill.Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2015). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (9th Ed.). New York, NY 10121: McGraw-Hill International Education.Fukuzawa, S., Boyd, C., & Cahn, J. (2017). Student Motivation in Response to Problem-based Learning. Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching, 10, 175 188. doi:10.22329/celt.v10i0.4748Gabb, R., & Vale, C. (2001). Learning cultures of problem-based learning teams.Engineering, 11(1), 18. doi:10.5001/omj.2011.74Gagn, R. M., Wager, W. W., Golas, K. C., & Keller, J. M. (2005). Principles of Instructional Design. (Wadsworth, Ed.)Performance Improvement (4th ed.). California. doi:10.1002/pfi.4140440211Gazda, G. M., & Corsini, R. J. (1980). Theories of learning: A comparative approach.Itasca, IL: F.E. Peacock Publishers, Inc.Gomes, A., & Mendes, A. J. N. (2007). Learning to program-difficulties and solutions. International Conference on Engineering Education, 15. Retrieved from http://ineer.org/Events/ICEE2007/papers/411.pdfGou, W., Sun, W., Chen, D., Zhang, Z., Zhao, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, W. (2019). Coping self-efficacy of nursing undergraduates with problem-based curricula. Contemporary Nurse, 55(4-5), 288302. doi:10.1080/10376178.2018.1537719Graaff, E. D. E., & Kolmos, A. (2003). Characteristics of Problem-Based Learning. Int J Engng Ed, 19(5), 657662. doi:0949-149X/91Gray, A. (1997). Constructivist Teaching and Learning. SSTA Research Centre Report. Retrieved fromhttp://www.saskschoolboards.ca/old/ResearchAndDevelopment/ResearchReports/Instruction/97-07.htmHair, F. J., Black, C. W., Babin, J. B., & Anderson, E. R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall.Hairiah, M. (2012). Aplikasi Pendekatan Konstruktivisme Dalam Reka Bentuk Pengajaran Berasaskan Komputer : Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pencapaian Berdasarkan Aras Kognitif Pelajar. Persidangan Kebangsaan Pembangunan Dan Pendidikan Lestari 2012, (September), 100118.Halizah, A. (2010). Kesan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah terhadap Penguasaan Kemahiran Generik dan Pencapaian Akademik Pelajar di Politeknik Malaysia. Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Sains Malaysia.Hall, T. (2006). Problem Based Learning for Technologies. Transnasional Symposium on Technical-Vocational Education and Training (TVET), 1531.Hamrita, T. K., & McClendon, R. W. (1997). A New Approach for Teaching Microcontroller Courses. International Journal of Engineering Education, 13(4), 269274. Retrieved from ://WOS:000207539300005Handayani, M., & Louise, I. S. Y. (2019). Self-Efficacy of Students Senior High School in Problem Based Learning Model of Chemical Equilibrium Topic. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1397). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1397/1/012033Haniffa, M. A., Rathakrishnan, M., Omar, S., & Ismail, N. H. (2019). PROBLEM- BASED LEARNING IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF THE MALAYSIAN NATIONHOOD COURSE AT UNIVERSITI UTARAMALAYSIA. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 4(32), 351366. doi:10.35631/ijepc.4320030Harland, T. (2003). Vygotskys Zone of Proximal Development and Problem-based Learning: linking a theoretical concept with practice through action research. Teaching in Higher Education, 8(2), 263272. Retrieved from http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/1356251032000052483Harris, A. D., McGregor, J. C., Perencevich, E. N., Furuno, J. P., Zhu, J., Peterson, D. E., & Finkelstein, J. (2006). The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in medical informatics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 13(1), 1623. doi:10.1197/jamia.M1749Harun, N. F., Yusof, K. M., Jamaludin, M. Z., & Hassan, S. A. H. S. (2012). Motivation in Problem-based Learning Implementation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 56, 233242. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.650He, S., Zhang, Y., & Shen, F. (2015). Microcontrollers for non-electrical engineering students - Do we need to teach assembly language? In ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings (Vol. 122nd ASEE).Hedley, M., & Barrie, S. (1998). Undergraduate microcontroller systems laboratory.IEEE Transactions on Education, 41(4), 345. doi:10.1109/TE.1998.787371Heinich, R., Molenda, M., Russell, J., & Smaldino, S. (1999). Instructional media and technologies for learning (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prince Hall.Heppner, P. P. (1988). The Problem Solving Inventory: Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists. Retrieved from http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/40336312/1997_Application s_of_the_Problem_Solving_Inventory.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRT WSMTNPEA&Expires=1481432264&Signature=IBWeQTNWFF+KH14o99Sx 4EL5M+8=&response-content-disposition=inline; filename=An_IHeppner, P. P., & Petersen, C. H. (1982). The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29(1), 6675. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.29.1.66Heppner, P. P., Witty, T. E., & Dixon, W. A. (2004). Problem-solving appraisal and human adjustment: A review of 20 years of research using the problem solving inventory. The Counseling Psychologist, 32(3), 344428. doi:10.1177/0011000003262793Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2004). Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn?Educational Psychology Review. doi:10.1023/B:EDPR.0000034022.16470.f3Hmelo-Silver, C. E., & Eberbach, C. (2012). Learning Theories and Problem Based Learning. Innovation and Change in Professional Education, 8(1), 317.Hrynchak, P., & Batty, H. (2012). The educational theory basis of team-based learning.Medical Teacher, 34(10), 796801. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2012.687120Hung, W. (2006). The 3C3R Model: A Conceptual Framework for Designing Problems in PBL. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 1(1). doi:10.7771/1541-5015.1006Hung, W. (2009). The 9-step problem design process for problem-based learning: Application of the 3C3R model. Educational Research Review, 4(2), 118141. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2008.12.001Hurst, B., Wallace, R., & Nixon, S. B. (2013). The impact of social interaction on student learning. Reading Horizons, 52(4), 375398.Husaini, K., Che Radiah, M., & Nik Farhan, M. (2015). Analisis Keperluan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab dalam Kalangan Warga Emas. E-Journal of Arabic Studies & Islamic Civilization, 2.Ibrahim, D. (2014). A New Approach for Teaching Microcontroller Courses to Undergraduate Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 131, 411 414. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.139I-PBL, T. (2011). Series Module : A Students Guide to Problem Based Learning.Tanjung Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.Irwan, R. (2019). Tranformasi PTV ke arah Melahirkan Modal Insan Kelas Pertama. Retrieved from 7hb MeiIwai, T., Kondo, K., Limm, S. J. D., Ray, E. G., Shimizu, H., & Brown, J. D. (1999). Japanese language needs analysis. Retrieved from http://www.nflrc.hawaii.edu/networks/NW13/NW13.pdfJabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2019). Statistik Utama Tenaga Buruh Di Malaysia, Januari 2019. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1_/JPN. (2016). Keperluan Tenaga Kerja Mahir. Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia. Bahagian Penerbitan Dasar Negara Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia Kementerian Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.penerangan.gov.my/dmdocuments/keperluan_tenaga_kerja_mahir/fi les/downloads/keperluan_tenaga_kerja_mahir.pdfKalelio?lu, F., & Glbahar, Y. (2014). The effects of teaching programming via Scratch on problem solving skills: A discussion from learners perspective. Informatics in Education, 13(1), 3350.Kelly, O. C., & Finlayson, O. E. (2007). Providing solutions through problem-based learning for the undergraduate 1st year chemistry laboratory. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 8(3), 347361. doi:10.1039/b7rp90009kKim, J. (2012). An Ill-structured PBL-based microprocessor course without formal laboratory. IEEE Transactions on Education, 55(1), 145153. doi:10.1109/TE.2011.2156797Kolb, A. Y., & Kolb, D. a. (2005). The Kolb Learning Style Inventory Version 3 . 1 2005 Technical Specifications. LSI Technical Manual, 172. doi:10.1016/S0260- 6917(95)80103-0Koschmann, T. (2001). Deweys contribution to a standard of problem-based learning practice. European Perspectives on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning: Proceedings of Euro-CSCL, 355363. Retrieved from http://www.uni- koeln.de/hf/konstrukt/didaktik/problembased/koschmann.pdfKPM. (2011a). Pelan Strategik Transformasi Pendidikan Vokasional.KPM. (2011b). Transformasi Pendidikan Vokasional. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. BPTV. Retrieved from https://www.moe.gov.my/images/kpm/pemberitahuan/2014/articlefile_file28.pdfKPM. (2012). Analisis Pentaksiran Semester 2. Bahagian Pendidikan Teknik dan Vokasional. Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.KPM. (2014). Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran Kurikulum Standard Kolej Vokasional (KSKV) Teknologi Elektronik, ETN5044. Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.KPM. (2015). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2015-2025 (Pendidikan Tinggi). Putrajaya. Retrieved from http://bendahari.uthm.edu.my/v2/PPPM/Ringkasan-Eksekutif-PPPM-2015- 2025.pdfKPM. (2016). Analisis Pentaksiran Semester 2. Keputusan Pentaksiran Kolej Vokasional Semester 5 Tahun 2015/2016. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.KPM. (2018). Laporan Tahunan 2017. Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Putrajaya. Retrieved from https://www.padu.edu.my/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/LT-2017-PPPM-Bahasa- Melayu.pdfKristinawati, E., Susilo, H., & Gofur, A. (2018). ICT Based-Problem Based Learning on Students Cognitive Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains, 6(2), 38 42.LaForce, M., Noble, E., & Blackwell, C. (2017). Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Student Interest in STEM Careers: The Roles of Motivation and Ability Beliefs. Education Sciences, 7(4), 92. doi:10.3390/educsci7040092Lak, M., Soleimani, H., & Parvaneh, F. (2017). The Effect of Teacher-Centeredness Method vs . Learner-Centeredness Method on Reading Comprehension among Iranian EFL Learners. Journal of Advances in English Language Teaching, 5(1), 110.Leary, H. M. (2012). Self-Directed Learning in Problem-Based Learning Versus Traditional Lecture-Based Learning : A Meta-Analysis. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 2012.Lee, S. J., Jang, Y. K., Lee, H. A., & Park, K. E. (2003). Study on the development of life-skills: Communication, problem solving and self-directed learning. Korean Educational Development Institute, Seoul.Lien, A. D., & Hakim, S. M. (2013). Two approaches, one course: an experience in experiential learning. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 41(2), 12835. doi:10.1080/10852352.2013.757991Loyens, S. M. M., Magda, J., & Rikers, R. M. J. P. (2008). Self-directed learning in problem-based learning and its relationships with self-regulated learning. Educational Psychology Review, 20(4), 411427. doi:10.1007/s10648-008-9082-7Mahmoud, A., & Walib, B. (2009). Constructivist PBL Approach in Teaching Embedded Systems Hands-on Course, Comparative Study. In The 9th Annual American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Global Colloquium on Engineering Education, At Budapest, Hungary. doi:DOI: 10.13140/2.1.2323.9369Mahzan, S. K., & Othman, M. K. (2019). Pembangunan Sistem Prototaip E-Pendidikan Islam Berasaskan Teknologi Web Di Institusi Pondok Di Kedah. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 4(26), 126.Mascolo, M. (2009). Beyond Student-Centered and Teacher-Centered Pedagogy: Teaching and Learning as Guided Participation. Pedagogy and the Human Sciences, 1(1), 3.Masek, A. (2015). Problem Based Learning Instruction Approaches for Students Intrinsic Motivation Stimulus. International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research, 1(3), 42. doi:10.11648/j.ijvetr.20150103.12Massa, N., Dischino, M., Donnelly, J. F., Hanes, F. D., & DeLaura, J. A. (2012). Problem-based learning in a pre-service technology and engineering education course. In ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0- 84865000268&partnerID=40&md5=852847f5a73c3619110f5d0f110dac56Masura, R., Shahrina, S., Rodziah, L., Noor Faezah Mohd, Y., Noor Faridatul Ainun, Z., & Rohizah Ab, R. (2012). Major Problems in Basic Programming that Influence Student Performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 59, 287296. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.277Mataka, L. M., & Kowalske, M. G. (2015). The influence of PBL on students self- efficacy beliefs in chemistry. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 16(4), 929938. doi:DOI: 10.1039/c5rp00099hMataka, L. M. P. (2014). Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the College Chemistry Laboratory: Students Perceptions of PBI and Its Relationship with Attitude and Self-Efficacy Beliefs. Dissertations. Paper 285.Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Conceptual framework: What do you think is going on. In Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (pp. 3359). doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.09.001Maxwell, S. E., & Delaney, H. D. (2004). Designing experiments and analyzing data: A model comparison perspective. (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Rutledge Taylor and Francis group.McCarlie, V. W., & Orr, D. L. (2010). Health Science Education: Reviewing a Framework for Problem-Based Learning. Journal of Dental Education, 74(5), 480488. Retrieved from ://WOS:000281214200004\nhttp://www.jdentaled.org/content/74/5/480.full. pdfMegaw, A. E. (2013). Deconstructing the Heinich, Moldena, Russell, and Smaldino instructional design model. Laman Web Rasmi IPGM Kampus Pendidikan Islam.Mohamad, E. J., Rahim, R. A., Mohamad, M. M., & Faizan, O. M. (2012). Applying Problem Based Learning with Multiphase Flow-Meter Prototype Lab-Equipment as Instructional Strategies for Higher Education Institutions. In Inted2012: International Technology, Education and Development Conference (pp. 5848 5855). Retrieved from ://WOS:000326396405119Mohammad Zamry, J., Khairiyah, M. J., Nor Farida, H., Syed, & Helmi Ahmad, S. H. (2012). Crafting Engineering Problems for Problem-Based Learning Curriculum. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 56(Ictlhe), 377387. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.666Mohd Amiruddin, A. D., & Muhd Khaizer, O. (2018). Pelaksanaan Outcome-Based Education di Kolej Vokasional , Malaysia. In Graduate Research In Education Seminar (GREduc) 2018 (pp. 138146).Mohd Ghazali, M., Turiman, S., Ghazali, M., Mohd. Majid, K., Norfaryanti, K., Nor Azirawani, M., Siti Norziah, A. (2008). Implementation of Outcome-Based Education in Universiti Putra Malaysia: A Focus on Students Learning Outcomes. International Education Studies, 1(4). doi:10.5539/ies.v1n4p147Mohd Majid, K. (1990). Kaedah Penyelidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.Mohd Nasir, I., Nor Azilah, N., & Irfan Naufal, U. (2010). Instructional strategy in the teaching of computer programming: A need assessment analyses. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2), 125131.Montero, E., & Gonzalez, M. J. (2009). Student engagement in a structured problem- based approach to learning: A first-year electronic engineering study module on heat transfer. IEEE Transactions on Education, 52(2), 214221. doi:10.1109/TE.2008.924219Muhammad Hazrul, I. (2012). Kajian Mengenai Kebolehpasaran Siswazah di Malaysia : Tinjauan dari Perspektif Majikan Study on Employability of Graduates in Malaysia : A Survey of Employer Perspectives. Prosiding PERKEM VII, 2(2012), 906913.Mynderse, J. A., & Shelton, J. (2015). Assessment of an Improved Problem-Based Learning Implementation in a Senior/Graduate Mechatronic Design Course, 121. doi:10.18260/p.23596Najwa, M. N., Tee, T. K., Ridzwan, C. R., & Haldi, B. (2019). Needs analysis on the development of problem based learning module for the microcontroller subject at Vocational College. Asian Journal of Assessment in Teaching and Learning, 9(2), 4553.Needham, R. (1987). CLIS in the Classroom: Teaching Strategies for Developing Understanding in Science. Leeds: University of Leeds.Nethravathi, S., & Geetha, R. S. (2016). Learning by Doing: Implementing in Microcontroller Course. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 0(0). doi:10.16920/jeet/2016/v0i0/85641Neville, A. J. (1999). The problem-based learning tutor: Teacher? Facilitator?Evaluator? Medical Teacher, 21(4), 393401. doi:10.1080/01421599979338 Noraini, I. (2010). Penyelidikan dalam Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill.Norman, G. R., & Schmidt, H. G. (1992). The Psychological Basis of Problem-based Learning: A review of the Evidence. Academic Medicine. doi:10.1097/00001888- 199209000-00002Nunan, D. (1988). Syllabus Design. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Nunnally, C. E. (1996). Teaching microcontrollers. TechnologyBased ReEngineering Engineering Education Proceedings of Frontiers in Education FIE96 26th Annual Conference, 1, 434436. doi:10.1109/FIE.1996.570003Nurul Syafiqah Yap, A. (2014). Pembangunan dan Keberkesanan Makmal Interaktif Hukum Ohm di Kalangan Pelajar Politeknik. Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Sains Malaysia.Obiols, J. E., & Berrios, G. E. (2009). The historical roots of Theory of Mind: the work of James Mark Baldwin. History of Psychiatry, 20(79 Pt 3), 377392. doi:10.1177/0957154X08337334Olusegun, S. (2015). Constructivism Learning Theory: A Paradigm for Teaching and Learning. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education Ver. I, 5(6), 2320 7388. doi:10.9790/7388-05616670Pagn, B. (2006). Positive Contributions of Constructivism to Educational Design.Europes Journal of Psychology, 2(1). doi:10.5964/ejop.v2i1.318Pan, W., & Allison, J. (2010). Exploring Project Based and Problem Based Learning in Environmental Building Education by Integrating Critical Thinking *. International Journal of Engineering Education, 26(3), 547553.Pang, C. L., Ismail, A., Amiron, E., Kamarulzaman, N., Mohd Shahbaki, N., Jusoh, O., Shihabudin, S. C. (2014). ANSSR: Enhancing the Quality and Relevance of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) for Current and Future Industry Needs-Phase 1. APEC: ENHANCING QUALITY & RELEVANCE OF TVET FORCURRENT AND FUTURE INDUSTRY NEEDS .doi:publications.apec.org/publication-detail.php?pub_id=1543PBL. (2001). Speaking of Teaching. Stanford University Newsletter on Teaching, 11(1), 18. Retrieved from http://web.stanford.edu/dept/CTL/cgi- bin/docs/newsletter/problem_based_learning.pdfPelaccia, T., & Viau, R. (2017). Motivation in medical education*. Medical Teacher, 39(2), 136140. doi:10.1080/0142159X.2016.1248924Perera, R., Calderon, P., & Delgado, F. (2008). Statistics toolkit. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing.Perry, W. G. (1970). Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years: A Scheme. Forms of Ethical and Intellectual Development in the College Years A Scheme, 8, xii, 256. doi:New YorkPerry, W. G. (1988). Different Worlds in the Same Classroom. In Improving Learning. New Perspectives (pp. 145161).Poore, J. A., Cullen, D. L., & Schaar, G. L. (2014). Simulation-based interprofessional education guided by Kolbs experiential learning theory. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. doi:10.1016/j.ecns.2014.01.004Rahmat, M., Shahrani, S., Latih, R., Yatim, N. F. M., Zainal, N. F. A., & Rahman, R.A. (2012). Major Problems in Basic Programming that Influence Student Performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 59, 287296. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.277Ramlee, M., & Zaharatul Laili, A. R. (2008). Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah Bagi Mata Pelajaran Elektronik: Satu Kajian Tindakan Di Sekolah Menengah Teknik. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan Malaysia, 49(E), 109127. Retrieved from http://www.jurnalteknologi.utm.my/index.php/jurnalteknologi/article/view/213Ramlee, M., Zaharatul Laili Abdul, R., & Mohamed Nor Azhari, A. (2014). Exploring the problems faced by technical school students in learning engineering courses. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 9(6), 690701.RMK-11. (2015). Rancangan Malaysia Kesebelas 2016-2020: Pertumbuhan Berpaksikan Rakyat. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Unit Perancang Ekonomi, Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Malaysia. Retrieved from http://rmk11.epu.gov.my/book/eng/Elevent-Malaysia-Plan/RMKe-11 Book.pdfRMK-11. (2018). Kajian separuh penggal. Rancangan Malaysia Kesebelas 2016- 2020: Keutamaan dan Penekanan Baharu. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Unit Perancang Ekonomi, Kementerian Hal Ehwal Ekonomi. Retrieved fromhttps://www.penerangan.gov.my/images/pengumuman/KajianRMK11/TKPM- EPU---Panel-INTAN-081118-FINAL.pdfRockland, R. (1999). Use of Problem Solving Skills in an Introductory Microprocessor Course. In ASEE Annual Conference Proceeding, Session 3147 (pp. 19).Rodrguez Gonzlez, C. A., & Fernndez Batanero, J. M. (2016). A review of Problem- Based Learning applied to Engineering. EduRe Journal, 3(1), 1431.Roh, Y. S., & Kim, S. S. (2015). Integrating Problem-Based Learning and Simulation: Effects on Student Motivation and Life Skills. Computers, Informatics, Nursing : CIN, 33(7), 278284. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000000161Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: An extension of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 450461.Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 5467. doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1020Sahar, B., & Rohani, A. T. (2012). Effects of Problem-based Learning Approach on Cognitive Variables of University Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 3146 3151. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.027Savery, J. R., & Duffy, T. M. (2001). Problem Based Learning : An instructional model and its constructivist framework. Learning. doi:47405-1006Savin-Baden, M. (2000). Problem-based Learning in Higher Education : Untold Stories. Buckingham: SRHE and Open University. doi:10.1080/07294360220124620Savin-Baden, M. (2007). Challenging models and Perspectives of Problem Based Learning. Management of Change: Implementation of Problem-Based and Project-Based Learning in Engineering, 929.Savin-Baden, M. (2014). Using Problem-based Learning: New Constellations for the 21st Century. The Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 25(3&4), 197219.Savin-Baden, M. (2016). The impact of transdisciplinary threshold concepts on student engagement in problem-based learning: A conceptual synthesis. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 10(2). doi:10.7771/1541-5015.1588Savin-Baden, M., & Major, C. H. (2004). Foundation of Problem-based Learning. Berkshire, England: Open University Press.Sawant, S. P., & Rizvi, S. (2015). STUDY OF PASSIVE DIDACTIC TEACHER CENTERED APPROACH AND AN ACTIVE STUDENT CENTEREDAPPROACH IN TEACHING ANATOMY. International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 3(3), 11921197. doi:10.16965/ijar.2015.147Schmidt, H. G. (1994). Resolving Inconsistencies in Tutor Expertise Research - Does Lack of Structure Cause Students to Seek Tutor Guidance. Academic Medicine, 69(8), 656662. Retrieved from ://A1994PC26800023Schunk, D. H. (2004). Learning Theories: An Educational Perspectives (4th Ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). General Self-efficacy Scale. Measures in Health Psychology: A Users Portfolio. Causal and Control Beliefs, (2008), 35 37. doi:10.1037/t00393-000Sellnow, D. D., & Ahlfeldt, S. L. (2005). Fostering Critical Thinking and Teamwork Skills via a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Approach to Public Speaking Fundamentals. Communication Teacher, 19(1), 3338. doi:10.1080/1740462042000339258Shankar, P. R., & Nandy, A. (2016). Self-directed learning during problem-based learning sessions. MedEdPublish, 5(3). doi:10.15694/mep.2016.000089Sherer, B. K., & Brisbane, R. K. (1982). Analysis and implementation of critical care programs:A marketing approach. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 1(3), 185 189. doi:10.1097/00003465-198205000-00011Shreeve, M. W. (2008). Beyond the didactic classroom: educational models to encourage active student involvement in learning. The Journal of Chiropractic Education, 22(1), 2328.Sidek, M. N., & Jamaludin, A. (2005). Pembinaan Modul : Bagaimana Membina Modul Latihan dan Modul Akademik. Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia.Simpson, J. A., & Weiner, E. S. C. (1989). The oxford English dictionary (2nd ed.).Oxford: Clarendon Press.Smaldino, S. E., Lowther, D. L., & Russell, J. D. (2012). The ASSURE Model. In Instructional Technology and Media for Learning. (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Retrieved from http://www.utm.edu/staff/grakes/750/750assuremodel.htmlSmith, C. S., & Hung, L. C. (2017). Using problem-based learning to increase computer self-efficacy in Taiwanese students. Interactive Learning Environments, 25(3), 329342. doi:10.1080/10494820.2015.1127818Sockalingam, N., & Schmidt, H. G. (2011). Characteristics of Problems for Problem- Based Learning: The Students Perspective. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem- Based Learning, 5(1). doi:10.7771/1541-5015.1135Sofie, M. M. L., Kirschner, P., & Fred, P. (2011). Problem-based learning. APA Educational Psychology Handbook: Vol. 3. Application to Learning and Teaching, 2(1), 159. doi:10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2Srensen, L., Falch, M., & Skouby, K. E. (2018). Report on Problem Based Learning for Software Engineering. St. Petersburg, Rusia. Retrieved from http://ceur- ws.org/Vol-2256/SWEPHD18_paper_06.pdfStrangio, C. E. (1988). Microprocessor Instruction in the Engineering Laboratory. IEEE Transactions on Education, 31(3), 172176. doi:10.1109/13.2308Striegel, A., & Rover, D. T. (2002). Problem-based learning in an introductory computer engineering course. In Frontiers in Education, 2002. FIE 2002. 32nd Annual (Vol. 2, pp. F1G7F1G12 vol.2). doi:10.1109/FIE.2002.1158138Subramaniam, T. S., Ariffin, Arihasnida, N. H., & Rubani, S. N. K. (2018). Pembangunan Aplikasi Pembelajaran M-SPWTC Untuk Kursus Pemasangan Dan Penyelenggaraan Elektrik Satu Fasa. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners, 3(1), 124132.Sunar, M. S. M., & Shaari, A. J. (2017). The Effectiveness of the Chemistry Problem Based Learning (PBL) via FB among Pre-University Students. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 4(4), 129138. doi:10.20448/journal.509.2017.44.129.138Supiandi, M., & Julung, H. (2016). Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah dan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa Biologi SMA. JPS (Jurnal Pendidikan Sains), 4(2), 6064. doi:10.17977/jps.v4i2.8183Syafii, W., & Yasin, R. M. (2013). Problem solving skills and learning achievements through problem-based module in teaching and learning biology in high school. Asian Social Science, 9(12 SPL ISSUE), 220228. doi:10.5539/ass.v9n12p220Syarafina, D. N., Jailani, & Winarni, R. (2018). The application of problem based learning to improve students self-efficacy. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2014). doi:10.1063/1.5054428Tan, O. S. (2003). Problem-Based Learning Innovation: Using Problems to Power Learning in the 21st Century. Building.Tan, R. C., Rozita, M. A., & Lim, B. P. (2017). Masalah Pelajar Dalam Mempelajari Pengaturcaraan Bahasa Penghimpun. Advanced Journal of Technical and Vocational Education 1, 1(1), 194202. Retrieved from http://www.myjurnal.my/filebank/published_article/72041/24.pdfTang, S. (2014). An interactive simulator-based pedagogical (ISP) approach for teaching microcontrollers in engineering programs. Advances in Engineering Education, 4(2).Tas, Y., & Sungur, S. (2012). The effect of problem-based learning on self-regulated learning: A review of literature. U?inak U?enja Rjeenjem Problema Na Samoregulirano U?enje Pregled Literature, 14, 533560.Taylor, D. C. M., & Hamdy, H. (2013). Adult learning theories: Implications for learning and teaching in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 83. Medical Teacher, 35(11), e156172. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2013.828153Tolman, E. C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological Review, 55(4), 189208. doi:10.1037/h0061626Trafton, C. M., & Source. (2001). Learning through Problems: A Powerful Approach to Teaching Mathematics. Teaching Children Mathematics, 7(9), 532536.Tse, W. L., & Chan, W. L. (2003). Application of problem-based learning in an engineering course. International Journal of Engineering Education, 19(5), 747 753. Retrieved from ://000186481900018Tudge, J. R. H. (1992). Processes and Consequences of Peer Collaboration: A Vygotskian Analysis. Child Development, 63(6), 13641380. doi:10.2307/1131562Uden, L., & Page, T. (2008). Development of Learning Resources to Promote Knowledge Sharing in Problem Based Learning. I-Managers Journal on Educational Technology, 5(1).Valdez, J., & Bungihan, M. (2019). PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING APPROACH ENHANCES THE PROBLEMSOLVING SKILLS IN CHEMISTRY OF HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 9(3), 282294. doi:http://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.631Van der Bijl, J. J., & Shortridge-Baggett, L. M. (2001). The theory and measurement of the self-efficacy construct. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice.Van Dinther, M., Dochy, F., & Segers, M. (2011). Factors affecting students self- efficacy in higher education. Educational Research Review. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2010.10.003Veer, V. der, & Valsiner, J. (1991). Understanding Vygotsky: A quest for synthesis.Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Virolainen, M., & Stenstrm, M. L. (2014). Finnish vocational education and training in comparison: Strengths and weaknesses. International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training, 1(2), 81106. doi:10.13152/IJRVET.1.2.1Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Vygotsky, L. S. (1997). Readings on the development of children. Harvard University Press. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(96)79572-3Wageman, J. (2013). Historical and conceptual background: Gestalt theory. Laboratory of Experimental Psychology University of Leuven.Wagemans, J., Feldman, J., Gepshtein, S., Kimchi, R., Pomerantz, J. R., van der Helm,P. A., & van Leeuwen, C. (2012). A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: II. Conceptual and theoretical foundations. Psychological Bulletin, 138(6), 121852. doi:10.1037/a0029334Walker, A., Bridges, E., & Chan, B. (1996). Wisdom gained, wisdom given: instituting PBL in a Chinese culture. Journal of Educational Administration, 34(5), 1231.doi:10.1108/09578239610148250Walker, S. F. (1990). A brief history of connectionism and its psychological implications. AI & Society, 4(1), 1738. doi:10.1007/BF01889762Wee Keng Neo, L. (2004). Jump Start Authentic Problem-Based Learning. Singapore: Prentice Hall Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd.Wertheimer, M. (1959). Productive Thinking. New York: Harper and Row.Wertheimer, M. (1985). A Gestalt perspective on computer simulations of cognitive processes. Computers in Human Behavior, 1(1), 1933. doi:10.1016/0747- 5632(85)90004-4Wiersma, W., & Jurs, S. G. (2005). Research Methods in Education: An Introduction(8th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.Wijnen, M., Loyens, S. M. M., Smeets, G., Kroeze, M., & van der Molen, H. (2017). Comparing problem-based learning students to students in a lecture-based curriculum: learning strategies and the relation with self-study time. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 32(3), 431447. doi:10.1007/s10212-016- 0296-7Wijnen, M., Loyens, S. M. M., Wijnia, L., Smeets, G., Kroeze, M. J., & Van der Molen,H. T. (2018). Is problem-based learning associated with students motivation? A quantitative and qualitative study. Learning Environments Research, 21(2), 173 193. doi:10.1007/s10984-017-9246-9Wijnen, M., Loyens, S. M., & Schaap, L. (2015). Experimental Evidence of The Relative effectiveness of Problem-based Learning for Knowledge Acquisition and Retention. Interactive Learning Environments, 115. doi:10.1080/10494820.2015.1060504Wijnia, L. (2014). Motivation and Achievement in Problem-Based Learning: The Role of Interest, Tutors, and Self-Directed Study. Erasmus University Rotterdam. Retrieved from Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1765/77158Wijnia, L., Loyens, S. M., & Derous, E. (2011). Investigating effects of problem-based versus lecture-based learning environments on student motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(2), 101113. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.11.003Wijnia, L., Loyens, S. M., Derous, E., & Schmidt, H. G. (2014). How important are student-selected versus instructor-selected literature resources for students learning and motivation in problem-based learning? Instructional Science, 43(1), 3958. doi:doi:10.1007/s11251-014-9325-6Wijnia, L., & Servant-Miklos, V. F. (2019). Behind the times: a brief history of motivation discourse in problem-based learning. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 24(5), 915929. doi:10.1007/s10459-019-09923-3Williams, T., & Williams, K. (2010). Self-Efficacy and Performance in Mathematics: Reciprocal Determinism in 33 Nations. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(2), 453466. doi:10.1037/a0017271Willis, S. C., Jones, a, Bundy, C., Burdett, K., Whitehouse, C. R., & ONeill, P. a. (2002). Small-group work and assessment in a PBL curriculum: a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of student perceptions of the process of working in small groups and its assessment. Medical Teacher, 24(5), 495501. doi:10.1080/0142159021000012531Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 17(2), 89 100. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00381.xWood, D. F. (2003). ABC of learning and teaching in medicine: Problem based learning. BMJ, 326(7384), 328330. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7384.328Woods, D. R. (2000). Helping Your Students Gain The Most From PBL. Proceeding of Second-Asia Pacific Conference on PBL, pp.122.Woods, D. R. (2012). PBL: An evaluation of the effectiveness of authentic problem- based learning (aPBL). Chemical Engineering Education, 46(2), 135144.Yadav, A., Lundeberg, M., Subedi, D., & Bunting, C. (2011). Problem-based learning in an undergraduate electrical engineering course. American Society for Engineering Education, 2(April 2011), 253280. doi:10.1002/j.2168- 9830.2011.tb00013.xYeong, C. F., Abdul Rahman, H. Bin, & Su, E. L. M. (2013). A Hands-On Approach To Teaching Microcontroller. Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 11(1), 5559.Yew, E. H., & Goh, K. (2016). Problem-based learning: An overview of its process and impact on learning. Health Professions Education, 2(2), 7579. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2016.01.004Yew, E. H. J., & Goh, K. (2016). Problem-Based Learning: An Overview of its Process and Impact on Learning. Health Professions Education, 2(2), 7579. doi:10.1016/j.hpe.2016.01.004Zulida, A. K. (2013). Enhancing Students Problem Solving Skills using Problem- Based Learning as an Instructional Communication Approach.Zulida, A. K., Nor Hazana, A., & Berhannudin, M. S. (2016). Does Problem-Based Learning Improve Problem Solving Skills?A Study among Business Undergraduates at Malaysian Premier Technical University. International Education Studies, 9(5), 166172. doi:10.5539/ies.v9n5p166Zulida, A. K., Nor Hazana, A., Rosmahalil, A. A., Fadillah, I., Adibah, A. K., & Elizabeth, M. A. (2018). Using problem-based learning as an instructional approach in enhancing problem solving skills between engineering and business. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.9), 174. doi:10.14419/ijet.v7i4.9.20645 |