Pembangunan modul lakaran dan kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid dalam mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk Teknologi (RBT)
<p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan modul lakaran untuk mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk</p><p>dan Teknologi (RBT) dan mengkaji kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid tingkatan satu di</p><p>sekolah menengah di Malaysia. Modul ini di...
Saved in:
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | thesis |
Language: | zsm |
Published: |
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6978 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:6978 |
---|---|
record_format |
uketd_dc |
institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
collection |
UPSI Digital Repository |
language |
zsm |
topic |
LB Theory and practice of education |
spellingShingle |
LB Theory and practice of education Nor Anisah Ahmad Pembangunan modul lakaran dan kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid dalam mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk Teknologi (RBT) |
description |
<p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan modul lakaran untuk mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk</p><p>dan Teknologi (RBT) dan mengkaji kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid tingkatan satu di</p><p>sekolah menengah di Malaysia. Modul ini dibangunkan berasaskan teori kontruktivisme dan</p><p>model Hope. Lima konstruk iaitu pengenalan lakaran, elemen lakaran, prinsip lakaran, lakaran</p><p>piktorial dan kesan visual telah diadaptasi daripada model Hope. Kajian ini mengunakan reka</p><p>bentuk kuasi-eksperimen untuk menentukan kesan modul manakala model Kajian Reka Bentuk</p><p>dan Pembangunan (DDR) digunakan untuk membangunkan modul. Modul telah disahkan oleh</p><p>tujuh orang pakar dengan nilai kesepakatan melebihi 70 peratus. Instrumen kajian terdiri pada</p><p>ujian pra-pos, soal selidik dan protokol temu bual juga telah disahkan oleh tujuh orang pakar.</p><p>Nilai kebolehpercayaan soal selidik menggunakan pekali Alfa Cronbach, = 0.96. Dalam</p><p>pembangunan modul, pendekatan DDR dengan tiga fasa telah digunakan. Dalam fasa pertama,</p><p>analisis keperluan dan analisis dokumen telah dijalankan dan didapati sebanyak 23 subkonstruk</p><p>berjaya dikenalpasti untuk isi kandungan modul. Dalam fasa kedua, pendekatan Fuzzy Delphi</p><p>Method (FDM) telah dijalankan untuk mengesahkan konstruk dan sub konstruk untuk modul</p><p>dan didapati lima konstruk utama dan 18 sub konstruk telah diterima oleh panel pakar Delphi.</p><p>Fasa ketiga pula bertujuan untuk menentukan kesan modul di mana empat kumpulan rawatan</p><p>dan empat kumpulan kawalan telah dibina dengan sampel keseluruhan seramai 132 murid yang</p><p>telah dipilih secara rawak kluster daripada dua buah sekolah menengah. Dapatan utama kajian</p><p>kuasi-eksperimen ini menggunakan analisis SPANOVA mendapati terdapat perbezaan yang</p><p>signifikan untuk ujian pos di antara empat kumpulan rawatan dan empat kumpulan kawalan [F</p><p>(7,124) = 96.68; p<0.05] dengan nilai Partial Eta Square adalah 0.837 Ini bermakna terdapat</p><p>perbezaan yang signifikan markah pasca antara kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan</p><p>dengan kesan saiz terhadap kumpulan rawatan sebanyak 83.7%. Data temu bual pula</p><p>menunjukkan guru yang mengajar kumpulan rawatan bersetuju bahawa modul lakaran ini</p><p>berguna dalam membantu aktiviti guru untuk meningkatkan kemahiran murid dalam subjek</p><p>lakaran. Kesimpulannya, dapatan utama kajian menunjukkan modul lakaran ini berkesan untuk</p><p>meningkatkan kemahiran murid dalam bidang lakaran. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan bahawa</p><p>modul ini boleh digunapakai oleh guru RBT yang mengajar subjek lakaran.</p> |
format |
thesis |
qualification_name |
|
qualification_level |
Doctorate |
author |
Nor Anisah Ahmad |
author_facet |
Nor Anisah Ahmad |
author_sort |
Nor Anisah Ahmad |
title |
Pembangunan modul lakaran dan kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid dalam mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk Teknologi (RBT) |
title_short |
Pembangunan modul lakaran dan kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid dalam mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk Teknologi (RBT) |
title_full |
Pembangunan modul lakaran dan kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid dalam mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk Teknologi (RBT) |
title_fullStr |
Pembangunan modul lakaran dan kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid dalam mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk Teknologi (RBT) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pembangunan modul lakaran dan kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid dalam mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk Teknologi (RBT) |
title_sort |
pembangunan modul lakaran dan kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid dalam mata pelajaran reka bentuk teknologi (rbt) |
granting_institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
granting_department |
Fakulti Teknikal dan Vokasional |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6978 |
_version_ |
1747833340828844032 |
spelling |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:69782022-04-13 Pembangunan modul lakaran dan kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid dalam mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk Teknologi (RBT) 2021 Nor Anisah Ahmad LB Theory and practice of education <p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan modul lakaran untuk mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk</p><p>dan Teknologi (RBT) dan mengkaji kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid tingkatan satu di</p><p>sekolah menengah di Malaysia. Modul ini dibangunkan berasaskan teori kontruktivisme dan</p><p>model Hope. Lima konstruk iaitu pengenalan lakaran, elemen lakaran, prinsip lakaran, lakaran</p><p>piktorial dan kesan visual telah diadaptasi daripada model Hope. Kajian ini mengunakan reka</p><p>bentuk kuasi-eksperimen untuk menentukan kesan modul manakala model Kajian Reka Bentuk</p><p>dan Pembangunan (DDR) digunakan untuk membangunkan modul. Modul telah disahkan oleh</p><p>tujuh orang pakar dengan nilai kesepakatan melebihi 70 peratus. Instrumen kajian terdiri pada</p><p>ujian pra-pos, soal selidik dan protokol temu bual juga telah disahkan oleh tujuh orang pakar.</p><p>Nilai kebolehpercayaan soal selidik menggunakan pekali Alfa Cronbach, = 0.96. Dalam</p><p>pembangunan modul, pendekatan DDR dengan tiga fasa telah digunakan. Dalam fasa pertama,</p><p>analisis keperluan dan analisis dokumen telah dijalankan dan didapati sebanyak 23 subkonstruk</p><p>berjaya dikenalpasti untuk isi kandungan modul. Dalam fasa kedua, pendekatan Fuzzy Delphi</p><p>Method (FDM) telah dijalankan untuk mengesahkan konstruk dan sub konstruk untuk modul</p><p>dan didapati lima konstruk utama dan 18 sub konstruk telah diterima oleh panel pakar Delphi.</p><p>Fasa ketiga pula bertujuan untuk menentukan kesan modul di mana empat kumpulan rawatan</p><p>dan empat kumpulan kawalan telah dibina dengan sampel keseluruhan seramai 132 murid yang</p><p>telah dipilih secara rawak kluster daripada dua buah sekolah menengah. Dapatan utama kajian</p><p>kuasi-eksperimen ini menggunakan analisis SPANOVA mendapati terdapat perbezaan yang</p><p>signifikan untuk ujian pos di antara empat kumpulan rawatan dan empat kumpulan kawalan [F</p><p>(7,124) = 96.68; p<0.05] dengan nilai Partial Eta Square adalah 0.837 Ini bermakna terdapat</p><p>perbezaan yang signifikan markah pasca antara kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan</p><p>dengan kesan saiz terhadap kumpulan rawatan sebanyak 83.7%. Data temu bual pula</p><p>menunjukkan guru yang mengajar kumpulan rawatan bersetuju bahawa modul lakaran ini</p><p>berguna dalam membantu aktiviti guru untuk meningkatkan kemahiran murid dalam subjek</p><p>lakaran. Kesimpulannya, dapatan utama kajian menunjukkan modul lakaran ini berkesan untuk</p><p>meningkatkan kemahiran murid dalam bidang lakaran. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan bahawa</p><p>modul ini boleh digunapakai oleh guru RBT yang mengajar subjek lakaran.</p> 2021 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6978 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=6978 text zsm closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Teknikal dan Vokasional <p>A Ali dan Z Mahamod (2016). Pembangunan dan Kebolehgunaan Modul Berasaskan</p><p>Bermain bagi Pembelajaran Kemahiran Bahasa Melayu Kanak-Kanak , Jurnal</p><p>Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 2016 - spaj.ukm.my</p><p></p><p>Abdul Fatah (1998). Pemikiran Keseluruhan Otak: Dalam Pengurusan Pendidikan dan</p><p>Kaitannya Dengan Kecerdasan Emosi (Emotional Intelligent-E.Q). Kuala Lumpur:</p><p>Utusan Publications dan Distributors Sdn Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Abdul Hannan ( 2013). Teknik lakaran menguatkan daya ingatan murid bagi menguasai</p><p>topik tindak balas tumbuhan. Kajian Tindakan Ijazah Sarjana Muda Perguruan.</p><p>Jabatan Sains dan Matematik, IPG Kampus Perlis.</p><p></p><p>Abdul Latif Gapor (2003). Pengenalan Teori-Teori Pembelajaran. Nota Kuliah Kursus</p><p>Pembelajaran Berasaskan Elektronik dan Web (KPT 6043). Fakulti Teknologi dan</p><p>Sains Maklumat. Tanjung Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p></p><p>Abdullah, A.R (2014). Kesan Video Bernarasi Dalam Pembelajaran Berasaskan</p><p>Multimedia Untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran Psikomotor Nagi Pelajar Yang Berbeza</p><p>Kebolehan Spatial Dan Jantina. Tesis PHD.USM.</p><p></p><p>Adler, M., dan Ziglio, E. (1996). Gazing into the Oracle: The Delphi method and its</p><p>application to social policy and public health: Jessica Kingsley Publisher.</p><p></p><p>Adolph, K. E., dan Joh, A. S. (2007). Motor development: How infants get into the act. In</p><p>Slater, A., dan Lewis, M. (Eds.), Introduction to infant development (2 nd Ed.). New</p><p>York: Oxford University Press.</p><p></p><p>Ahmad Fikri Ab. Rahman ,Zamri Mahamod (2019). Scetch Technique with i-Think Flow</p><p>Map to Improve Generating Ideas Skill among Lun Bawang Students Ethnic in</p><p>Autobiography Writing Sains). ISSN: 2180-4842. Vol. 9, Bil. 1 (Mei 2019): 12-22</p><p>12 Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu</p><p></p><p>Ahmad Shakir, N. S., dan Adnan, N. H. (2020). Kebolehgunaan Massive Open Online</p><p>Course (MOOC) Sebagai E-Pembelajaran dalam Pengajaran Pengaturcaraan di</p><p>Sekolah Menengah. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities</p><p>(MJSSH), 5(6), 33 - 41. Retrieved from</p><p>https://msocialsciences.com/index.php/mjssh/article/view/429.</p><p></p><p>Ahmad, Nor dan Ros, Ridzwan dan Kamis, Arasinah dan Abdullah, Raja Nazim dan</p><p>Abdullah, Norhafillah. (2019). Application of Fuzzy Delphi Technique to Determine</p><p>the Elements in Sketch Module for Design and Technology Students. International</p><p>Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. 23. 1030-1038.</p><p>10.37200/IJPR/V23I4/PR190431.</p><p></p><p>Ahmad, Nor dan Ros, Ridzwan dan Kamis, Arasinah dan Makmor, Hawa. (2019). Need</p><p>Analysis : Development of LK-DdanT Sketch Module for Form One Design and</p><p>Technology (DdanT) Subject in Secondary School. Journal of Vocational Education</p><p>Studies. 2. 75. 10.12928/joves.v2i2.708.</p><p></p><p>Alfonso Martin-Erro, M. D. (2016). The Role of Sketching in Engineering Design and its</p><p>Presence on Engineering Education. Design Engineering Area - Universidad</p><p>Nacional de Educacin a Distancia (UNED), Madrid (SPAIN).</p><p>doi:10.21125/inted.2016.1822</p><p></p><p>Aliff nawi et al,. (2015). Penilaian kualiti Modul IPBL : Aspek kesahan dan</p><p>kebolehpercayaan . Journal Pengukuran Kualiti dan Analisis.JQMA 11(2) 2015,1-</p><p>10</p><p></p><p>Amir Awang (1986). Teori-Teori Pembelajaran. Petaling Jaya: Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn.</p><p>Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Ari Chand (2016). Why is teaching kids to draw not a more important part of the</p><p>curriculum?https://theconversation.com/why-is-teaching-kids-to-draw-not-a-moreimportant-</p><p>part-of-the-curriculum-60379.</p><p></p><p>Ary,D., Jacobs, L.C., dan Sorenson, C. (2012). Introduction to research in education ( 8th</p><p>ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth</p><p></p><p>Ashari, Z. M. (2014). Aplikasi Modul Belajar Melalui Bermain dalam Kefahaman Awal</p><p>Matematik dan Motivasi Kanak-kanak Prasekolah. Tesis PHD.tidak diterbitkan.</p><p>johor bharu: utm.</p><p></p><p>Ausubel, D. P. (1968). Educational Psychology: A cognitive view. Retrieved from</p><p>http://doi.org/10.1107/S010827019000508X</p><p></p><p>Aziezatul Nezirah Amri, M. N. (2019). Keberkesanan Alat Bantu Mengajar (SMART COT)</p><p>Dalam Asas Pembuatan Perabut Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Harian Pendidikan</p><p>Khas Tingkatan Satu. Journal of Vocational Education Studies (JOVES), 23-26.</p><p></p><p>Azumu, Azlan and Subari, Kamalularifin (2003) Aspek Kemahiran Guru-guru Kemahiran</p><p>Hidup (kh) Tahun Akhir Program Khas Pensiswazahan Guru (pkpg) Di</p><p>Utm. Bachelor's thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Baharen, K., Luaran, J. E. dan Mohamed, Z. (2011). National Academic Conference</p><p>(ENRICH 2011). A Study on the Level of Skills And Perceptions Towards Information</p><p>Technology Among Primary School Teacher In Pitas Distric, Malaysia. Kelantan.</p><p>Universiti Teknologi MARA.</p><p></p><p>Baharudin Saleh, Mohamad Sattar Rasul, dan Haryanti Mohd Affandi. (2018). Pedagogical</p><p>Practices of Design and Technology Teacher Trainees Pedagogical Practices of</p><p>Design and Technology Teacher Trainees. International Journal of Academic</p><p>Research in Business dan Social Sciences, 8(5), 319329.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i5/4104</p><p></p><p>Bahrum, S., dan Ibrahim, M. N. (2019). Kebolehgunaan Modul steAm dalam</p><p>Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Seni Visual Sekolah Rendah. KUPAS</p><p>SENI: Jurnal Seni Dan Pendidikan Seni, 6. Retrieved from</p><p>http://202.45.132.61/index.php/JSPS/article/view/2282</p><p></p><p>Bar-Eli (2013). Sketching profiles: Awareness to individual differences in sketching as a</p><p>mins of enhancing design solution .Development Shoshi, College of Management,</p><p>Academic Studies, Department of Interior Design, Rishon le-Zion 7549071, Israel.</p><p></p><p>Barlex, D. (1995). Nuffield Design and Technology: Students Book, Longman, Harlow.</p><p></p><p>Ben Jonson (2005). Design ideation: the conceptual sketch in the digital age, University of</p><p>London, Goldsmiths College, Department of Design, New Cross, London SE14</p><p>6NW, UK</p><p></p><p>Bodjanova, S. (2006). Median alpha-levels of a fuzzy number. Fuzzy Sets and Systems,</p><p>157(7), 879891. doi:10.1016/j.fss.2005.10.015</p><p></p><p>Borgatti, Stephen P. and Pacey C. Foster (2003), The Network Paradigm inOrganizational</p><p>Research: A Review and Typology, Journal of Management29, 991-1003.</p><p></p><p>Brookhart, S. (2013). How to create and use rubrics for formative assessment. Virginia:</p><p>Association for Supervision and Curriculum development.</p><p></p><p>Buang, M. S. (2019). Kesan Penggunaan CAD3D Sebagai Medium Penjanaan Idea Inovasi</p><p>Berbanding Lakaran Tangan. Politeknik dan Kolej Komuniti Journal of Sosial</p><p>Sciences and Humanities, Vol.4, No.1,, 12-19.</p><p></p><p>Wan Nur Khalisah Shamsudin, Anith Liyana Amin Nudin dan Lili Eliana Mohd Radzuan.</p><p>(2019). Buku kerja atau workbook lakaran idea pelajar</p><p></p><p>Campbell, dan Stanley. (1963). Experimental and quasi experimental design for research.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195389678-0053</p><p></p><p>Casper,A.N.(2003):http://www.linguitics.byu.edu/resource/volunteer/TESOLBYU.needanal</p><p>ysis.Html.</p><p></p><p>Cathrine Masingan, S. S. (2019). Pengetahuan Pedagogi Kandungan (PPK) Guru Bukan</p><p>Pengkhususan Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi(RBT) di Sekolah Menengah. Malaysian</p><p>Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH)Volume 4, Issue 6, October</p><p>2019e-ISSN : 2504-8562, www.msocialsciences.com.</p><p></p><p>Chai, C. S., dan Chen, D. (2004). A review on usability evaluation methods for instructional</p><p>multimedia: An analytical framework. Instructional Journal of Multimedia, 31(3). Diakses dari</p><p>http://www.eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?acc.no=ED501 628</p><p></p><p>Chang, P. L., Hsu, C. W., dan Chang, P. C. (2011). Fuzzy Delphi method for evaluating</p><p>hydrogen production technologies. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36,</p><p>1417214179. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.045</p><p></p><p>Cheng, C. H., dan Lin, Y. (2002). Evaluating the best main battle tank using fuzzy decision</p><p>theory with linguistic criteria evaluation. European Journal of Operational Research,</p><p>142(1), 174186. doi: 10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00280- 6</p><p></p><p>Chua Yan Piaw. (2006). Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan: Asas Statistik penyelidikan buku</p><p>2. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Chua, Y. (2014). Asas statistik penyelidikan(Edisi ke3). Kuala Lumpur: : McGraw-Hill</p><p>(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Cohen L., Manion L. dan Morrison K. (2000). Research Methods in Education. London:</p><p>Routledge Falmer.</p><p></p><p>Cohen, J. W (2000) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences Ed. Second.</p><p>Hillsdale, New Jersey : Lawrences Erlbaum Associates</p><p></p><p>Cooper, Randolph B. and Richard A. Wolfe (2005), Information processing model</p><p>ofinformation technology adapta-tion: An intra-organizational diffusionperspective,</p><p>Database for Advances in Information Systems36, 30-48</p><p></p><p>Cornish, E.S. (1979). Why study the future. World Future Society.</p><p></p><p>Council, C. D. (2000). Syllabuses for secondary schools: Design dan technology (Secondary</p><p>1-3). . Hong Kong.</p><p></p><p>Crain, W. (2016). Theories of development: Concepts and applications (6th ed.). London:</p><p>Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.</p><p></p><p>Creswell,J.W.(2016). Educational research: Pearson new international edition: planning,</p><p>conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th Ed. ). Boston:</p><p>Pearson Education Limited</p><p></p><p>Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika,</p><p>16(3), 297-334.</p><p></p><p>Curriculum Development Council and Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment</p><p>Authority,(2007) Technology education key learning area: Design and applied</p><p>technology curriculum and assessment guide (Secondary 4-6). Hong Kong:</p><p>Education Bureau, Government Printer.</p><p></p><p>Curriculum Development Council,(2000). Syllabuses for secondary schools: Design dan</p><p>technology (Secondary 1-3). Hong Kong: The Education Department, Government</p><p>Printer.</p><p></p><p>Current State of Affairs.Grietjie Haupt, (2017). Design in Technology Education:</p><p></p><p>Danos, X. (2014). Graphicacy and culture: Refocusing on visual learning. Leicestershire:</p><p>Loughborough, Design Press Ltd.</p><p></p><p>De Vries, M.J.(2002). International Trends in Design and Technology. In: Owen-Jackson,</p><p>G. (Ed), Teaching Design and Technology in Secondary Schools: A Reader. London:</p><p>Routledge, 287-298.</p><p></p><p>Department for Education. (1992). Technology for ages 5 to 16 (1992): Proposals for the</p><p>secretary of statefor education and the secretary of state for wales. London: HMSO.</p><p></p><p>DeVellis R.F. (2003). Scale Development: Theory and Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA:</p><p>Sage.</p><p></p><p>Dewey. J (1938). Democracy and Education. New York: Mac Milan</p><p></p><p>Dick, W., Carey, L., dan Carey, O.J. (2009). The systematic design of instruction. (7th ed.).</p><p>Boston, MA: Pearson</p><p></p><p>Dopyera, M.Z.L., dan John Dopyera, J. (1993). Becoming a teacher of young children. New</p><p>York: McGraw Hill.</p><p></p><p>Dorst, K. (2006). Design problems and design paradoxes. Design Issues, 22(3), 417.</p><p></p><p>E. Rinto (2013). Developing and Applying an Information Literacy Rubric to Student</p><p>Annotated Bibliographies Erin University of Nevada, Las Vegas,</p><p></p><p>Edwards. B(1979) . Drawing on the right side of the Brain: A course in enhancing creativity</p><p>and aitistic confidence, J.P Tarcher, Los Angles.</p><p></p><p>Eftah Haji Abdullah dan Abd Aziz Abdul Syukur.( 2014). Pentaksiran prestasi dan</p><p>pentaksiran rujukan standard dalam bilik darjah. Syarikat harkam Enterprise.</p><p></p><p>Egelhoff, William G. (1991), Information-processing theory And The</p><p>MultinationalEnterprise, Journal of Interna-tional Business Studies22, 341-368</p><p></p><p>Elizabeth, A., dan Plessis, D. (2019). Barriers to e ff ective management of diversity in</p><p>classroom contexts : The out-of- fi eld teaching phenomenon. International Journal</p><p>of Educational Research, 93(November 2017), 136152.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.11.002</p><p></p><p>Erdogan.E, Selcuk (2014) , Sketch, Concept and Creativity In The Education Of</p><p>Architectural Design(ICESA). Internat?ional Civil Engineering dan Architecture</p><p>Symposium for Academicians 38 Vocational School of Tech. Science, Department of</p><p>Construction, University Konya, Turkey.</p><p></p><p>Fabes, R.A., dan Martin, C.L. (2002). Exploring child development (2nd. Ed.). New York:</p><p>Houghton Mifflin Company.</p><p></p><p>Farzad Pour Rahimian Leilabadi (2019). Bantuan Lakaran Digital 3D dalam Tranformasi</p><p>Kognitif semasa Proses Mereka Bentuk Konsep Seni Bina.(Tesis PHD Tidak</p><p>Diterbitkan, Universiti Malaya.</p><p></p><p>Fatimah Ibda. (2015). Perkembangan kognitif: Teori Jean Piaget. Jurnal Intelektualita,</p><p>3(1),27-38. Dimuat turun daripada</p><p>http://jurnal.arraniry.ac.id/index.php/intel/article/view/197</p><p></p><p>Faulkner, V.N., dan Cain, C. (2013). Improving the Mathematical Content Knowledge of</p><p>General and Special Educators. Teacher Education and Special Education, 36, 115 -</p><p>131.</p><p></p><p>Ferguson, E. S. (1992). Engineering and The Mind's Eye. MIT Press.</p><p></p><p>Fish, J., Scrivener, S. (2004). Cognitive Catalysis: Sketches for a Time-lagged Brain. In:</p><p>Goldschmidt, G., Porter, W.L. (ed.) Design Representation. London: Springer.</p><p></p><p>Fish, J., Scrivener, S. (1990). Amplifying the Mind's Eye: Sketching and Visual Cognition.</p><p>Leonardo, 23, 117-126.</p><p></p><p>Fleer, M. (2000). Working technologically: Investigations into how young children design</p><p>and make during technology education. International Journal of Technology and</p><p>Design Education, 10, 4359.</p><p></p><p>Frankel,J.R., Warren, N.E., dan Hyun, H.H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in</p><p>education (8th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill</p><p></p><p>Furner, J. M., dan Marinas, C. A. (2007). Geometry sketching software for elementary</p><p>children: Easy as 1,2,3. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology</p><p>Education, 3(1), 8391.</p><p></p><p>Gagne, E. D., Yekovich, C. W., dan Yekovich, F. R. (1993). The cognitive psychology of</p><p>school learning. New York: Harper Collins College Publisher.</p><p></p><p>Gaitskell, D. (1958). Art; child artists; study and teaching (elementary). New York: Harcourt</p><p>Brace.</p><p></p><p>Ghazali Darusalam dan Sufian Hussin. (2016). Metodologi Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan:</p><p>Amalan dan analisis kajian. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit UM</p><p></p><p>Goldschmidt, G. (1991). The dialectics of sketching. Creativity Research Journal, 4(2), 123</p><p>143.</p><p></p><p>Goldschmidt, G. (2014). Modeling the Role of Sketching in Design Idea Generation.</p><p>Springer-Verlag London.</p><p></p><p>Goldschmidt, G. (1994). On visual design thinking: the vis kids of architecture Design</p><p>Studies, 15, 158-174.</p><p></p><p>Goldschmidt, G. (2003). The Backtalk of Self-Generated Sketches. Design Issues, 19, 17.</p><p></p><p>Goldschmidt, G., dan Smolkov, M. (2004). Design problems are not of a kind: Differences</p><p>in the effectiveness of visual stimuli in design problem solving. In J. Gero, B. Tversky,</p><p>dan T. Knight (Eds.), Visual and spatial reasoning in design (pp. 199218). Sydney:</p><p>Key Centre.</p><p></p><p>Gustafson, B., MacDonald, D., dan Gentilini, S. (2007). Using talking and drawing to design:</p><p>Elementary children collaborating with university industrial design students. Journal</p><p>of Technology Education,19(1), 1934.</p><p></p><p>Gwyneth Owen-Jackson (2015). Learning to Teach Design and Technology in the Secondary</p><p>School.Taylor dan Francis group</p><p></p><p>Hair, J.E., Anderson, R.E Tattham, R.L. and Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data</p><p>Analysis. 5th Ed. Upper Saddle River; Prentise Hall.</p><p></p><p>Hrkki, T., Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, P. dan Hakkarainen, K.(2018) Line by line, part by part:</p><p>collaborative sketching for designing. Int J Technol Des Educ 28, 471494 .</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-016-9379-7.</p><p></p><p>Hassan Langgulung. (1993). Menghadapi Abad Kedua Puluh Satu. Cetak ulang. Bangi:</p><p>Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Hilton, E., Li, W., Newton, S. H., Alemdar, M., Pucha, R., dan Linsey, J. (2016). The</p><p>Development and Effects of Teaching Perspective Free-Hand Sketching in</p><p>Engineering Design. In Proceedings of the ASME 2016 International Design</p><p>Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering</p><p>Conference IDETC/CIE.</p><p></p><p>HMSO (2000).Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, Design and Technology in the</p><p>National Curriculum. London.</p><p></p><p>HMSO,(1988). Department of Education and Science [DES]/Welsh Office [WO]. National</p><p>Curriculum Design and Technology Working Group: Interim report [The Parkes</p><p>Report]. London:</p><p></p><p>HMSO. (2000). Design and Technology in the National Curriculum . London: Qualifications</p><p>and Curriculum Authority.</p><p></p><p>Hope, G. (2000). Beyond their capability? Drawing, designing and the young child. Journal</p><p>of Design and Technology Education, 5(2), 106114.</p><p></p><p>Hope, G. (2005). Types of drawings that young children produce in response to design tasks.</p><p>Design and Technology Education: An International Journal, 10(1), 4353.</p><p></p><p>Hope, G. (2008). Thinking and learning through drawing. London: SAGE.</p><p></p><p>Hope, G. 2005. The Types of Drawings that Young Children Produce in Response to Design</p><p>Tasks. Design and Technology Education, 10, 11.</p><p></p><p>Hope, G. (2008). Thinking and Learning through Drawing, London, Sage Publications</p><p>Limited.</p><p></p><p>Hsieh, T.Y., Lu, S.T., Tzeng, G.H. (2004). Fuzzy MCDM approach for planning and design</p><p>tenders selection in public office building. International journal of project</p><p>management, 22(7), 573-584.</p><p></p><p>Hussein Mahmood. (1994). Teori-Teori Pengajaran dan Implikasi. Petaling Jaya: Prints</p><p>Press.</p><p></p><p>Ibrahim, Zainuddin (2017). Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran Seni Grafik Berasaskan</p><p>Teknologi dan Gaya Pembelajaran Pelajar Bermasalah Pendengaran. Tesis</p><p>PHD.Tidak diterbitkan. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Malaya.Kuala Lumpur.</p><p></p><p>Jackson, S. (2016). Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach.</p><p>Boston,MA: Cengage Learning.</p><p></p><p>Jaffri Hanafi, S. R. (2014). Kreativiti Menerusi Modul Bertema : Guru Menjana atau</p><p>menghalang Perkembangan Kreativiti Kanak - Kanak ? Jurnal Pengajian Melayu,</p><p>Jilid 24, .</p><p></p><p>Jamaludin Ahmad. (2002). Kesahan, kebolehpercayaan dan keberkesanan modul program</p><p>maju diri ke atas motivasi pencapaian di kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah negeri</p><p>Selangor. Tesis PhD. Universiti Putra Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Jamaludin Ahmad.(2016). Modul motivasi diri. Kuala Lumpur/; Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka</p><p></p><p>Jamelaa Bibi Abdullah, S. I. (2018). A Fuzzy Delphi Method - Developing High -</p><p>Performance Leardership Standard For Malaysia School Learders . Journal</p><p>Education and Social Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 2, (February) .</p><p></p><p>Jansson, D. G., dan Smith, S. M. (1991). Design fixation. Design Studies, 12(1), 311.</p><p></p><p>Jensen, E. (2000). Brain-Based Learning. Boston: The Brain Store Publishing</p><p></p><p>Johnsey, R. (1998). Exploring Primary Design and Technology, Cassell, London.</p><p></p><p>Johnsey, R. (1995). The Design Process-Does it Exist? A Critical Review of Published</p><p>Models for the Design Process in England and Wales, International Journal of</p><p>Technology and Design Education 5, 199217.</p><p></p><p>Jokela, T., Livari, N., Matero, J., dan Karukka, M. (2003). The standard of usercentered</p><p>design and the standard definition of usability: Analysing ISO 13407 against ISO</p><p>9241-11. In Proceedings of the Latin American Conference (CLIHC 03): Human-</p><p>Computer Interaction (pp. 53-60).</p><p></p><p>Jonassen, D. H. (1997). Instructional design models for well-structured and Ill-structured</p><p>problem-solving learning outcomes. Educational Technology Research and</p><p>Development, 45(1), 6594.</p><p></p><p>Jones, A. and Compton, V.(2009), Reviewing the Field of Technology Education in New</p><p>Zealand. In: Jones, A.T. and De Vries, M.J. (Eds), International Handbook of</p><p>Research and Development in Technology Education. Rotterdam, Netherlands:</p><p>Sense Publishers, 93-104.</p><p></p><p>Jones, A., Harlow, A., dan Cowie, B. (2004). New Zealand teachers experiences in</p><p>implementing the technology curriculum. International Journal of Technology and</p><p>Design Education, 14, 101119.</p><p></p><p>Jones, H., dan Twiss, B.C (1978). Forecasting technology for planning decisions. New York,</p><p>NY: Petrocelli Books.</p><p></p><p>Jonson, B. (2004). Design Ideation: The Conceptual Sketch in a Digital Design Culture. PhD</p><p>Thesis, University of London.</p><p></p><p>Joran W. Booth, Elkin A. Taborda, Karthik Ramani dan Tahira Reid, The Design Lab And</p><p>the REID Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University.USA</p><p></p><p>Juhazren Junaidi dan Madihah Jailani,(2013) Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi</p><p>Penggunaan E-Learning Di Kalangan Pelajar-Pelajar Tahun Empat, Fakulti</p><p>Pendidikan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Teknologi</p><p>Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Kamus Dewan. (2006). Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Kaufman, R., dan English, F. W. (1979).Needs assessment.Concept and application.</p><p>Englewood Cliffs,NJ, USA: Educational Technology Publications.</p><p></p><p>Kaufmann, A., dan Gupta, M. (1988). Fuzzy mathematical models in engineering and</p><p>management science. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.</p><p></p><p>Kelley, T. R., dan Knowles, J. G. (2016).A conceptual framework for integrated</p><p>STEM education.International Journal of STEM Education, 3(1), 11</p><p></p><p>Kelley, T., dan Wicklein, R. C. (2009). Examination of engineering design curriculum</p><p>content in secondary technology education. Journal of Industrial Teacher Education,</p><p>46(1), 731.</p><p></p><p>Kellogg, R. (1970). Analyzing childrens art, Palo Alto. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield Publishing</p><p>Company.</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2015). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia</p><p>2013 2025. (Pendidikan Tinggi).Diakses dari https://www.mohe.gov.my/ms/muatturun/</p><p>awam/penerbitan-dan-jurnal/pppm-2015-2025-pt/3-pelan-pembangunanpendidikan-</p><p>malaysia-2015-2025-pendidikan-tinggi/file</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2016). Buku teks reka bentuk dan teknologi RBT</p><p>tingkatan satu. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian Perkembangan Kurikulum.</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.(2016a). Buku Penerangan Kurikulum Standard Sekolah</p><p>Menengah (KSSM).Putrajaya, Malaysia: KementerianPendidikan Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Khoza, S.D.(2017). Identifying the gaps of fourth year degree pre-service teachers</p><p>pedagogical content knowledge in teaching engineering graphics and design. Int J</p><p>Technol Des Educ 27, 537548 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-016-9363-2</p><p></p><p>Kim, Y., Chu, H.?E., dan Lim, G. (2011). Science Curriculum Changes and STEM Education</p><p>in East Asia. In M. S. Khine (Ed.), Science Education in East Asia: Pedagogical</p><p>Innovations and Research?informed Practices (pp. 149226). Switzerland: Springer</p><p>International Publishing.</p><p></p><p>Kimbell, R. (2004). Ideas and Ideation. The Journal of Design and Technology Education,</p><p>9, 2.</p><p></p><p>Kimbell, R., dan Perry, D. (2001). Design and Technology in a Knowledge Economy.</p><p>London: Engineering Council.</p><p></p><p>Kimbell.R., Stables, K., dan Green, R. (1996). Understanding practice in design and</p><p>technology: Developing science and technology education. Buckingham:Open</p><p>University.</p><p></p><p>Kin Wai Michael Siu, Yi Lin Wong dan Wei-wei Feng (2010).,Why fail? Experience of</p><p>technology education in Hong Kong ,Hong Kong Polytechnic ,University Hong</p><p>Kong, Peoples Republic of China, World Transactions on Engineering and</p><p>Technology Education, WIETE Vol.8, No.2,</p><p></p><p>Kudrowitz, B., Te, P., dan Wallace, D. (2012). The influence of sketch quality on perception</p><p>of product-idea creativity. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis</p><p>and Manufacturing: AIEDAM, 26(3), 267-</p><p>279. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0890060412000145</p><p></p><p>Lane, D, Seery,N., dan Gordon,S (2010). A Paradigm for Promoting Visual Synthesis</p><p>through Freehand Sketching.Design and technology education: An international</p><p>journal 15.3</p><p></p><p>Lane, D., Seery, N. (2010a). Freehand sketching as a catalyst for developing concept driven</p><p>competencies. American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference.</p><p>Louisville, Kentucky.</p><p></p><p>Lane, D., Seery, N., Gordon, S. (2009). The Understated Value of Freehand Sketching in</p><p>Technology Education. Engineering Design Graphics Journal, 73, 13-22.</p><p></p><p>Lane, D., Seery, N., Gordon, S. (2010). Promoting Creative Discovery and Mental Synthesis</p><p>through Freehand Sketching. In: Visualizing Change: Graphics on the Horizon,</p><p>October 3-6, 2010b Houghton, Michigan.</p><p></p><p>Lane, Diarmaid; Seery, Niall; Gordon, Seamus,(2010). A Paradigm for Promoting Visual</p><p>Synthesis through Freehand Sketching, Design and Technology Education, v15 n3</p><p>p68-90 2010.</p><p></p><p>Lawson, B., dan Dorst, K. (2009). Design expertise (Vol. 31). Oxford: Architectural Press.</p><p></p><p>Lee, K., Courtney, M., McGlashan, A. et al. (2020) .Initial teacher education students</p><p>perceptions of technology and technology education in New Zealand. Int J Technol</p><p>Des Educ 30, 437458 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-019-09516-6</p><p></p><p>Lee, T. T. (2013). Pembinaan dan keberkesanan modul multimedia interaktif dengan agen</p><p>pedagogi dalam pembelajaran elektrokimia. PhD thesis, UKM.</p><p></p><p>Lewis, T. (2005). Coming to terms with engineering design as content. Journal of</p><p>Technology Education.,16(2), 3754.</p><p></p><p>Longman Gupta, Aanil K. and Vijay Govindarajan (1991), Knowledge flows and the</p><p>structure of control within multinational corporations, Academy of Management</p><p>Review16,768-792.</p><p></p><p>Lowenfeld, V. (1964). Creative and mental growth (4th ed.). New York: Macmillan</p><p>Publishing Company.</p><p></p><p>Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and Quantification of Content Validity.Nursing</p><p>Research, 35(6), 382?386.</p><p></p><p>MacDonald, A., Hunter, J., Wise, K., dan Fraser, S. (2019). STEM and STEAM and the</p><p>spaces between: An overview of education agendas pertaining to disciplinarity</p><p>across three Australian states. Journal of Research in STEM Education, 5(1), 75-</p><p>92.</p><p></p><p>MacDonald, D., Gustafson, B. J., dan Gentilini, S. (2007). Enhancing childrens drawing in</p><p>design technology planning and making. Research in Science dan Technological</p><p>Education, 25(1), 5975. doi:10.1080/02635140601053500</p><p></p><p>Majid K. (2009). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan</p><p>Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Malcolm Welch, dan David Barlex (2004) DATA International Research Conference</p><p>2004,Creativity and Innovation,Portfolios in Design and Technology</p><p>Education:Investigating Differing Views Queens University, Canada, Nuffield</p><p>Foundation, England.</p><p></p><p>McCormick, D. (2007). Seeing mechanical: A case for advancing the role of sketching in the</p><p>art of engineering. Mechanical engineering, 129(9), 3536.</p><p></p><p>McKillip, J. (1987). Need Analysis: Tools for the Human Service and Education. Applied</p><p>Social Research Methods Series, Volume 10. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA</p><p></p><p>Md Nasir Abd Manan, (1989). Lukisan Geometri, perpustakaan Kuala Lumpur, Cawangan</p><p>Taman Tun Dr Ismail.ISBN 9789679501254</p><p></p><p>Md Zahir, M. Z., Saper, M. N., dan Bistamam, M. N. (2019). Kesahan dan</p><p>Kebolehpercayaan Modul Kelompok Bimbingan Integrasi REBT-Tazkiyah An-</p><p>Nafs. Journal of Research, Policy dan Practice of Teachers and Teacher</p><p>Education, 9(1), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol9.no1.6.2019</p><p></p><p>Md. Salleh, Shaharuddin and Ariffin, Noor Hanizah (2010) Pembangunan Dan Penilaian</p><p>Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri (Mpk) Kimia Tingkatan Empat : Asid Dan Bes. . pp. 1-</p><p>8.</p><p></p><p>Mertler, Craig A. (2001). Designing scoring rubrics for your classroom. Practical</p><p>Assessment, Research dan Evaluation, 7(25). Retrieved October 2, 2014 from</p><p>http://PAREonline.net/getvn.asp?v=7dann=25. Stergar, C. (2005). Performance</p><p>tasks, checklists, and rubrics. Glenview: Pearson Education.</p><p></p><p>Middleton, H. (2002). Technology education in Australia: Developing a new basic. The</p><p>Technology Teacher, 62(3), 14.</p><p></p><p>Middleton, H.(2009), Technology Education and Research in Australia: A Coming of Age in</p><p>the 21st Century. In: Jones, A.T. and De Vries, M.J. (Eds), International Handbook</p><p>of Research and Development in Technology Education. Rotterdam, Netherlands:</p><p>Sense Publishers, 85-92.</p><p></p><p>Min Hua (2019): The Roles of Sketching in Supporting Creative Design, The Design Journal,</p><p>DOI: 10.1080/14606925.2019.1655187</p><p></p><p>MOE (2013). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013 - 2025 .</p><p></p><p>Mohamad Najib Abdul Ghafar (1999). Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Skudai: Penerbitan</p><p>Universiti Teknologi Malaysia</p><p></p><p>Mohamed, H., Tasir, Z., dan Aris, B. (2014). Pengaruh gaya kognitif terhadap pencapaian</p><p>pelajar, (August 2014), 11</p><p></p><p>Mohd Fairuz Marian, M. B. (2011). Keberkesanan Penggunaan CD Interaktif Lukisan</p><p>Isometrik Terhadap Kemahiran Visualisasi Pelajar. Persidangan Kebangsaan</p><p>Penyelidikan dan Inovasi Dalam Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknik dan Vokasional.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Paris bin Saleh (2019). Jangkaan Masa Depan Terhadap Aplikasi Teknologi dalam</p><p>Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Peringkat Sekolah Menengah: Pandangan Pakar oleh</p><p>Saedah Siraj Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Jamil, Saedah Siraj, Zaharah Hussin, Nurulrabihah Mat Noh, dan</p><p>Ahmad Arifin Sapar,(2014) Pengenalan asas kaedah fuzzy Delphi dalam reka bentuk</p><p>dan pembangunan.Selangor: Minda Intelek Agency.</p><p></p><p>Mok Soon Sang (2010). Pedagogi untuk pengajaran-pembelajaran,Siri nota intisari ilmu</p><p>pendidikan Siri pengajian profesional Penerbitan Multimedia Sdn. Bhd., 2010 ISBN</p><p>9675451998, 9789675451997</p><p></p><p>Mok Soon Sang (2011). Pengurusan bilik darjah dan tingkah laku, Siri ilmu pendidikan.</p><p>Penerbitan Multimedia, 2011 ISBN 9673741743, 9789673741748</p><p></p><p>Muhd Azman Azahar. (2012). Teknik lakaran membantu murid memahami tajuk sistem</p><p>penjanaan kuasa elektrik. Kajian Tindakan Ijazah Sarjana Muda Perguruan. Jabatan</p><p>Sains Sosial, IPG Kampus Pendidikan Islam</p><p></p><p>Musa, R., Ramli, M., Mohd Khairuddin, N., dan Abindin hazir, Z. (2019). Eksplorasi lakaran</p><p>bertema kenderaan serta kesan terhadap kreativiti kanak-kanak. KUPAS SENI:</p><p>Jurnal Seni Dan Pendidikan Seni, 7, 72-80. Retrieved from</p><p>https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JSPS/article/view/2708</p><p></p><p>Najib Ghafar. (2003). Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Skudai: Penerbitan Universiti Teknologi</p><p>Malaysia</p><p></p><p>Neuman, W.N. (2000). Sosial reasearch method : Qualitative and quantitative approaches.</p><p>Boston: Allyn dan Bacon</p><p></p><p>Nik Aziz Nik Pa. (1999). Pendekatan Konstruktivisme Radikal dalam Pendidikan</p><p>Matematik. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.</p><p></p><p>Noll, C.L dan Wilkins, M. (2002). Crtical skill of professionals: A model for curriculum</p><p>development, Journal of Informaton Technology Education, 1 (3): 143 155</p><p></p><p>Noor Erma Binti Abu, L. K. (2014). Hubungan Antara Sikap, Minat, Pengajaran Guru dan</p><p>Pengaruh Rakan Sebaya Terhadap Pencapaian Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4.</p><p>Jurnal Kurikulum dan Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 1-10.</p><p></p><p>Nor Aini Aziz. (2002). Keberkesanan pengajaran pendekatan konstruktivisme dalam</p><p>membina semula konsepsi pelajar tentang konsep-konsep fotosintesis dan makanan.</p><p>Tesis Ph.D., Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang.</p><p></p><p>Noraini Idris, (2010). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan (2th ed.). Kuala Lumpur: Mc Graw-</p><p>Hill Education</p><p></p><p>Norjanah Ambo, S. N. (2019). Meneroka Kreativiti Saintifik Melalui Pembelajaran STEM</p><p>Berasaskan Projek. Jurnal Pemikir Pendidikan ,Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan,</p><p>Universiti Malaysia Sabah,.</p><p></p><p>Norlidah Alias. (2010). Pembangunan modul pedagogi berasaskan teknologi dan gaya</p><p>pembelajaran Feldee-Silverman kurikulum fizik sekolah menengah (Tesis PHD tidak</p><p>diterbitkan). Kuala Lumpur: UM</p><p></p><p>Nunnally, J. C., and I. H. Bernstein. (1994). Psychometric theory. 3rd ed. New York:</p><p>McGraw-Hill.</p><p></p><p>Nunnally, J.C. (1978), Psyochometric theory (2 nd . Ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York.</p><p></p><p>Nur Syafiqah Isa, Nurul Nazirah Mohd Imam Maarof (2019). Keberkesanan Penggunaan</p><p>Grafik Berkomputer Sebagai Alat Bahan Bantu Mengajar Dalam Kalangan Pelajar</p><p>Reka Bentuk Dan Teknologi,Humanika,Fakulti Teknikal Dan Vokasional, Universiti</p><p>Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p></p><p>Nurul Azmi Mat Nor dan Nurzatulshima Kamarudin. (2017). Penerapan Kemahiran Berfikir</p><p>Aras Tinggi (KBAT): Kesediaan Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Reka</p><p>Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) di Sekolah Rendah. International Research Journal of</p><p>Education and Sciences (IRJES). Vol. 1 Special Issue 1 (Malay), 2017 eISSN 2550-</p><p>2158</p><p></p><p>Official URL: https://fliphtml5.com/wjzdi/axim/basic/</p><p></p><p>Okoli, C., dan Pawlowski, S. (2004). Okoli, C., dan Pawlowski, S. (2004). The Delphi</p><p>method as a research tool. Information and Management, 42, 1529.</p><p></p><p>Othman Lebar. (2018). Penyelidikan kualitatif Pendekatan kepada teori dan metod (2th ed.).</p><p>Tanjong Malim.UPSI</p><p></p><p>Pallant J. (2007). SPSS Survival Manual. Sydney: Ligare Book Printer.</p><p></p><p>Pallant,J., dan Neal, P. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Newbury</p><p>Park:Sage Publications.</p><p></p><p>Paolini, A. (2015). Enhancing Teaching Effectiveness and Student Learning Outcomes,</p><p>15(1), 2033</p><p></p><p>Parkey, F.W 1993 Curriculum Planning: New Approach 6th .Ed. Allyn dan Bacon.</p><p></p><p>Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013 2025, Buletin Transformasi Pendidikan</p><p>Malaysia, Bil 5/2015</p><p></p><p>Penfold, J. (1988). Craft Design and Technology : Past , Present and Future. Trentham</p><p>Books, Stoke -on-Trent.</p><p></p><p>Piaget, J. (1970). Equilibration of cognitive structure. New York: Viking Press.</p><p>Premkumar, Gopal, Keshavamurthy Ramamurthy, and Carol S. Saunders (2005).</p><p>Information Processing View of Fit in the Context of</p><p>InterorganizationalRelationships, Journal of Management Information Systems22,</p><p>257-294.</p><p></p><p>Ramlah Jantan dan Mahani Razali. (2004). Psikologi Pendidikan - Pendekatan</p><p>Kontemporari. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill Education(M) Sdn. Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Ramli, Muhamad dan Musa, Rofidah. (2020). Ekplorasi Seni Visual Melalui Aktiviti Lakaran</p><p>Asas Terhadap Kanak-Kanak Prasekolah. 9. 35-47.</p><p></p><p>Ramli, M. F., dan Musa, R. (2020). Ekplorasi seni visual melalui aktiviti lakaran asas</p><p>terhadap kanak-kanak prasekolah. Jurnal Pendidikan Awal Kanak-Kanak</p><p>Kebangsaan, 9(1), 35-47. Retrieved from</p><p>https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPAK/article/view/3712.</p><p></p><p>Ramli. S (2016). Penghasilan Imej dalam Pembelajaran Seni Visual: Analisis Terhadap</p><p>Tahap Kreativiti Kanak-kanak Tabika Perpaduan di Daerah Kuantan,PahangPusat</p><p>Kebudayaan Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.</p><p></p><p>Reed, S.K. (2004). Cognition Theory and Applications. New Jersey: Wadsworth/Thomson</p><p>Learning.</p><p></p><p>Reinsfield, E.(2020) A future-focused conception of the New Zealand curriculum: culturally</p><p>responsive approaches to technology education. Int J Technol Des Educ 30, 427435</p><p>. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-019-09510-y</p><p></p><p>Reston, V. (2000). International Technology Education Association, Standards for</p><p>Technological Literacy: Content for the Study of Technology.</p><p></p><p>Richey, R., dan Klein, J.D. (2007). Design and development research: Methods, strategies,</p><p>and Issues: Routledge</p><p></p><p>Richey, R.C., Klein, J., dan Nelson, W. (2004) Developmental research: Studies of</p><p>instructional design and development. In D. Jonassen (Ed.) Handbook of Research for</p><p>Educational Communications and Technology (2nd ed.) (pp. 1099-1130). Mahwah,</p><p>NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc</p><p></p><p>Ridzuan Hussin (2013). Pendekatan teori pembelajaran kognitivisme dalam pendidikan seni</p><p>visual(psv), Journal seni dan pendidikan seni . ISSN 2289-4640/Vol.1</p><p></p><p>Rosmawati Mamat (2019). Keperluan Kebolehan Visualisasi Spatial dalam Reka Bentuk</p><p>Pakaian. Jurnal Refleksi Kepemimpinan, [S.l.], n. JILID I, oct. 2019. ISSN2636-</p><p>9885.thttp://103.8.145.246/index.php/jrk/article/view/9436>. Date accessed: 23 july</p><p>2020.</p><p></p><p>Rosset, A.(1995). Need analysis Englewood Cliff, NJ: Education Technology Publications.</p><p></p><p>Rumelhart, D. E., dan Norman, D. A. (1978). Accretion, tuning and restructuring: Three</p><p>models of learning. Dalam Anderson, R.C., Spiro, R.J. dan Montague, W.E. (ed.).</p><p>Semantic factors in cognition. Hilldale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.</p><p></p><p>Russell,J. (1974). Modular Instruction: A Guide to the design,selection,utilization and</p><p>evaluation of modular materials. Minneapolis,Minnesota:Burgess.</p><p></p><p>Rahayu Ahamad Bahtiar, (2017). The Development Of Vocational Intelligence Inventory For</p><p>Malaysian Adolescents, Tesis PHD, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Rizki, G., & Daniamiseno, A. (2019). Pengembangan model blended learning dengan</p><p>pendekatan cooperative mata kuliah ilmu lingkungan. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi</p><p>Pendidikan, 6(1), 42-55. doi:https://doi.org/10.21831/jitp.v6i1.15560</p><p></p><p>S Prabawanto and E Mulyana (2017) Developing Lesson Design to Help Students' Triangle</p><p>Conseptual Understanding, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume</p><p>895, International Conference on Mathematics and Science Education (ICMScE) 24</p><p>May 2017, Bandung, Indonesia</p><p></p><p>Sabitha Marican. (2006). Penyelidikan Sains Sosial Pendekatan Pragmatik. Batu Caves:</p><p>Penerbit Edusystem Sdn. Bhd. Sekaran U. 2014. Research Methods for Business: A</p><p>skillbuilding Approach. Singapore: John Willey dan Sons.</p><p></p><p>Saedah S., Norlidah A., DeWitt D. dan Zaharah H. (2013). Design and Development</p><p>Research:Emergent Trends in Educational Research. Pearson. Kuala Lumpur.</p><p></p><p>Saedah Siraj, Norlidah Alias, Dorothy DeWitt dan Zaharah Hussin. (2013). Design and</p><p>Development Research: Emergent Trend in Educational Research. Kuala Lumpur:</p><p>Pearson Malaysia Sdn Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Sahaat, Z., dan Nasri, N. (2020). Cabaran Pelaksanaan Mata Pelajaran Reka Bentuk dan</p><p>Teknologi Sekolah Menengah. Malaysian Journal of Education (0126-6020),Special</p><p>Issue,Vol.45,p51-59.9p, p51-59.</p><p></p><p>Salmiza Saleh dan Anis Diyana Halim (2016) Kecenderungan Otak dan Hubungannya</p><p>dengan Pencapaian dan Motivasi Pelajar, Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia 41(1)(2016):</p><p>65-70</p><p></p><p>Samsu Zaman @ Taufiq,N.F, Khairamin , N.A dan Md Ibrahim, L.F (2020). Penerapan</p><p>Model RESPECTFUL dalam Pembelajaran Berasaskan Permainan Digital bagi</p><p>Kursus Kaunseling Pebagai Budaya. Journal of ICT in Education,7(1), 1-</p><p>8.https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JICTIE/article/view/3582</p><p></p><p>Schmidt, L. C., Hernandez, N. V., dan Ruocco, A. L. (2012). Research on Encouraging</p><p>Sketching in Engineering Design. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design,</p><p>Anal ysis and Manufacturing, 26, 303-315.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1017/S0890060412000169.</p><p></p><p>School Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (1995). Design and technology in the</p><p>National Curriculum. London: School Curriculum and Assessment Authority.</p><p></p><p>Seels, B.B., dan Richey, R.C. (1994). Instructional technology: The definition and domains</p><p>of the field. Washington, DC: Association for Educational Communications and</p><p>Technology.</p><p></p><p>Sekaran U. dan Bougie R. (2010). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building</p><p>Approach. Ed. ke-5. New York: John Wiley dan Sons Ltd.</p><p></p><p>Serpil zker, E. S. (2017). Important Of Sketching in The Design Process and Education.</p><p>The Online Journal of Science and Technology, Volume 7, Issue 2.</p><p></p><p>Shadish, W.R., Cook, T.D., dan Campbell, D.T.(2002). Experimental and quasi</p><p>Experimental designs for generalized causal inference (@th ed.). New York:</p><p>Houghton Mifflin.</p><p></p><p>Shahriman Zainal Abidin, M. H. (2013). Seni Reka Perindustrian: Daripada Idea kepada</p><p>Lakaran. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Shahriman Zainal Abidin, Marzuki Ibrahim,(2004). Kaedah Melakar untuk Diterjemahkan</p><p>dalam Bentuk Lukisan Cadangan Seni Reka Bentuk, Laporan akhir, Institute</p><p>Penyelidikan dan Pengkomersilan Uitm, Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Shamsudin, Wan Nur Khalisah and Amin Nudin, Anith Liyana and Mohd Radzuan, Lili</p><p>Eliana (2019). Buku kerja atau workbook lakaran idea pelajar / Wan Nur Khalisah</p><p>Shamsudin, Anith Liyana Amin Nudin dan Lili Eliana Mohd Radzuan. Jurnal</p><p>Inspirasi Seni Intelektual (I.S.I). pp. 64-70. ISSN 2637-0115</p><p></p><p>Sharifah Alwiah Alsagoff. (1981). Pengenalan pengajaran individu dengan tumpuan</p><p>khas kepada modul pengajaran dan modul pembelajaran. Jurnal Pendidik dan</p><p>Pendidikan. 3(1),54 62.</p><p></p><p>Sidek Mohd Noah dan Jamaluddin Ahmad (2005). Pembinaan modul: Bagaimana</p><p>membina modul latihan dan modul akademik. Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia</p><p></p><p>Sidek Mohd Noah dan Jamaludin Ahmad. (2005). Pembinaan Modul: Bagaimana Membina</p><p>Modul Latihan dan Modul Akademik. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Sidek Mohd Noah, dan Jamaludin Ahmad. (2008). Pembinaan Modul: Bagaimana membina</p><p>modul latihan dan modul akademik. Serdang: UPM</p><p></p><p>Sihes, A. J., Ibrahim, M. A. dan A. Wahab, Z. (2007). Pembinaan Perisian Multimedia</p><p>Berasaskan Model Konstruktivisme Kitaran Pembelajaran Sains Lima Fasa. 73</p><p>Seminar Kebangsaan JPPG 2007: Teknologi Dalam Pendidikan. 18-20 November</p><p>2007. UniversitiTun Hussein Onn Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Sloman SA (1996). The empirical case for two system of reasoning. Psychol Bull 119(1): 3-</p><p>22\</p><p></p><p>Smith G.R., Burnam M.A., Mosley C.L., Hollenberg J.A., Mancino M. dan Grimes W. 2006.</p><p>Reliability and validity of the substance abuse outcomes module. Psychiatric Services</p><p>57: 1452-1460. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.57.10.1452.</p><p></p><p>Solso, R. L. Maclin, M. K, dan Maclin, O. H. (2005). Cognitive Psychology. Boston: Pearson</p><p>Education, Inc.</p><p></p><p>Sulaiman Ngah Razali. (1997). Pedagogi Teori dan Praktik. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa</p><p>dan Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Suwa, M. and Tversky, B.(1997), What do architects and students perceive in their design</p><p>sketches? A protocol analysis,source Design Studies 18, pp 385-403.</p><p></p><p>Suwa, M., Tversky, B., Gero, J. S., dan Purcell, A. T. (2001). Seeing into sketches:</p><p>Regrouping parts encourages new interpretations. In J. S. Gero, B. Tversky, dan T.</p><p>Purcell (Eds.), Visual and spatial reasoning in design II, key centre of design</p><p>computing and cognition (pp. 207219). Sydney: University of Sydney.</p><p></p><p>Suyanto, S. (2017). A Reflection on the Implementation of A New Curriculum in Indonesia</p><p>: A Crucial Problem on School Readiness. In The 4th International Conference on</p><p>Research, Implementation, and Education of Mathematics and Science (Vol. 100008,</p><p>pp. 19). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4995218.</p><p></p><p>Taborda, E., Chandrasegaran, S. K., Kisselburgh, L., Reid, T., dan Ramani, K. (2012).</p><p>Enhancing Visual Thinking in a Toy Design Course Using Freehand Sketching.</p><p>Volume 7: 9th International Conference on Design Education; 24th International</p><p>Conference on Design Theory and Methodology. doi:10.1115/detc2012-71454</p><p></p><p>Tee, T. K., Fadzil, N., Md Yunos, J., Yee, M. H., Mohamad, M. M., dan Othman, W. (2019).</p><p>Pembangunan Modul Strategi Pembelajaran Koperatif Bagi Bakal Pensyarah Kolej</p><p>Vokasional. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners, 4(2), 11-29. Retrieved from</p><p>https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/oj-tp/article/view/5088</p><p></p><p>Todd R. Kelley, Euisuk Sung, (2016). Sketching by design: teaching sketching to young</p><p>learners, Int J Technol Des Educ, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht DOI</p><p>10.1007/s10798-016-9354-3.</p><p></p><p>Tovey, M., Porter, S., dan Newman, R. (2003). Sketching, concept development and</p><p>automotive design. Design Studies, 24(2), 135153. doi:10.1016/s0142-</p><p>694x(02)00035-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(02)00035-2</p><p></p><p>Tufts, K. (2014). Custom Demo. Diambil kembali dari DNNSoftware.com:</p><p>http:www.dnnsoftware.com</p><p></p><p>Tversky, B. (2002). What do sketches say about thinking?. In AAAI spring symposium,</p><p>sketch understanding workshop, Stanford University, AAAI technical report SS-02-</p><p>08. 2002.</p><p></p><p>Tversky, B., dan Porter, S. (2002). Sketching, concept development and automotive design.</p><p>Design Studies, 24, 135153.</p><p></p><p>Tversky, B., Suwa. M., Agrawala, M., Heiser, J., Stolte, C., Hanrahan, P., et al. (2003).</p><p>Sketches for design and design of sketches. In U. Lindemann (Ed.), Human behaviour</p><p>in design (pp. 7986). Heidelberg: Springer.</p><p></p><p>Ullman, D. G., Wood, S., dan Craig, D. (1990). The importance of drawing in the mechanical</p><p>design process. Computer and Graphics, 14(2), 263274.</p><p></p><p>Van der Lugt, R. (2005). How sketching can affect the idea generation process in design</p><p>group meetings. Design Studies, 26(2), 101122. doi:10.1016/j.destud.2004.08.003 .</p><p></p><p>Volk, K., Yip, W.M. and Lo, T.K., Hong Kong(2003). Pupils attitudes toward technology:</p><p>The impact of Design and Technology programs. J. of Technology Educ., 15, 1, 48-</p><p>63.</p><p></p><p>Welch, M., Barlex, D., dan Lim, H. S. (2000). Sketching: Friend or foe to the novice</p><p>designer? International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 10, 125148.</p><p></p><p>Wilson, V dan Harris,M (2004). Creating Change? A Review of the Impact of Design and</p><p>Technology in Schools in England , Journal of Technology Education Vol. 15 No. 2,</p><p>Spring.</p><p></p><p>Wolf, Joachim and William G. Egelhoff (2002), A Reexamination And Extension</p><p>OfInternational Strategy-Structure Theory, Strategic Management Journal 23, 181-</p><p>189.</p><p></p><p>Yahaya Othman, D. R. (2011). Kesan Aplikasi Perisian Cerita Interaktif Semasa</p><p>Mengajarkan Kemahiran Bacaan dan Kemahiran Dalam Kalangan Murid Tahun 4 di</p><p>Brunei Darussalam. Journal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu (MyLEj).</p><p></p><p>Yoon Mee, LO (2020), Inovatif Pelaksanaan Kurikulum: Satu Tinjauan Persekitaran</p><p>Pembelajaran Secara Konstruktivisme dalam Kalangan Guru Sains dan Teknologi</p><p>Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Kawasan Lembah Kelang.Jurnal Penyelidikan</p><p>Teknokrat II, [S.l.], n. JILID XXI. ISSN 2637-1065. Available at:</p><p><http://myjms.moe.gov.my/index.php/jpt/article/view/8405>.</p><p></p><p>Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy Sets. Information and Control, 8, 338-353.</p><p></p><p>Zainal Abidin, Shahriman and Ibrahim, Marzuki (2004). Kaedah melakar untuk</p><p>diterjemahkan dalam bentuk lukisan cadangan seni reka perindustrian / Shahriman</p><p>Zainal Abidin dan Marzuki Ibrahim. [Research Reports] (Unpublished)</p><p></p><p>Zainuddin, S. H. A., dan Iksan, Z. H. (2019). Sketching Engineering Design in STEM</p><p>Classroom: A Systematic Review. Creative Education, 10, 2775-2783.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.1012204</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p> |