Pengetahuan,sikap dan amalan kebersihan diri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah mengikut perspektif ibu bapa

Pengetahuan,sikap dan amalan kebersihan diri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah mengikut perspektif ibu bapa

<p>Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi tujuan meninjau tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan,</p><p>perbezaan pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan mengikut jantina anak dan hubungan antara</p><p>pengetahuan dengan sikap, pengetahuan dengan amalan...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Fathen Aishah Mohd Moktar
Format: thesis
Language:zsm
Published: 2021
Subjects:
LB Theory and practice of education
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7061
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:7061
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language zsm
topic LB Theory and practice of education
spellingShingle LB Theory and practice of education
Fathen Aishah Mohd Moktar
Pengetahuan,sikap dan amalan kebersihan diri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah mengikut perspektif ibu bapa
description <p>Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi tujuan meninjau tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan,</p><p>perbezaan pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan mengikut jantina anak dan hubungan antara</p><p>pengetahuan dengan sikap, pengetahuan dengan amalan dan sikap dan amalan</p><p>berkaitan kebersihan diri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah mengikut</p><p>perspektif ibu bapa. Reka bentuk kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif iaitu</p><p>jenis kajian tinjauan. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada ibu bapa kanak-kanak prasekolah</p><p>di beberapa beberapa buah sekolah di daerah Klang. Pemilihan sekolah dilaksanakan</p><p>secara rawak mudah dan kesemua ibu bapa di sekolah tersebut terlibat untuk</p><p>menjawab soal selidik yang diedarkan. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah borang soal</p><p>selidik yang mempunyai kesahan (CVI > 0.90) dan kebolehpercayaan(nilai pekali</p><p>alpha: 0.45-0.80) yang baik. Data dianalisis dan dihuraikan berdasarkan peratusan,</p><p>kekerapan,mod, ujian t dan ujian korelasi. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap</p><p>pengetahuan (71.9%) dan sikap (96.2%) adalah tahap bagus manakala amalan</p><p>(47.7%) di tahap sederhana. Seterusnya, perbezaan pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan</p><p>mengikut jantina anak pula tidak terdapat perbezaan perspektif ibu bapa yang</p><p>signifikan (t = 0.25, p > 0.05). Skor min kanak-kanak lelaki (33.01) adalah lebih</p><p>tinggi daripada skor min kanak-kanak perempuan (32.89) namun perbezaan skor min</p><p>adalah kecil. Kemudian, hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap (r = 0.25, p <</p><p>0.05), pengetahuan dengan amalan (r = 0.62, p < 0.05) dan sikap dengan amalan (r =</p><p>0.25, p < 0.05) wujud hubungan yang signifikan walaupun kekuatan hubungan</p><p>berbeza. Kesimpulannya, tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan kebersihan diri adalah</p><p>antara bagus dan sederhana, bagi perbezaan pula, tiada perbezaan antara kanak-kanak</p><p>lelaki dan kanak-kanak perempuan dan hubungan antara pembolehubah turut</p><p>menunjukkan kekuatan yang berbeza. Kajian ini diharap dapat mendedahkan</p><p>kebersihan diri dalam kalangan ibu bapa dan juga kanak-kanak dengan lebih meluas</p><p>supaya dapat mengetahui tahap, perbezaan dan hubungan kebersihan diri dengan</p><p>pembolehubah pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan.</p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author Fathen Aishah Mohd Moktar
author_facet Fathen Aishah Mohd Moktar
author_sort Fathen Aishah Mohd Moktar
title Pengetahuan,sikap dan amalan kebersihan diri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah mengikut perspektif ibu bapa
title_short Pengetahuan,sikap dan amalan kebersihan diri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah mengikut perspektif ibu bapa
title_full Pengetahuan,sikap dan amalan kebersihan diri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah mengikut perspektif ibu bapa
title_fullStr Pengetahuan,sikap dan amalan kebersihan diri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah mengikut perspektif ibu bapa
title_full_unstemmed Pengetahuan,sikap dan amalan kebersihan diri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah mengikut perspektif ibu bapa
title_sort pengetahuan,sikap dan amalan kebersihan diri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah mengikut perspektif ibu bapa
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia
publishDate 2021
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7061
_version_ 1747833348933287936
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:70612022-05-17 Pengetahuan,sikap dan amalan kebersihan diri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah mengikut perspektif ibu bapa 2021 Fathen Aishah Mohd Moktar LB Theory and practice of education <p>Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi tujuan meninjau tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan,</p><p>perbezaan pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan mengikut jantina anak dan hubungan antara</p><p>pengetahuan dengan sikap, pengetahuan dengan amalan dan sikap dan amalan</p><p>berkaitan kebersihan diri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah mengikut</p><p>perspektif ibu bapa. Reka bentuk kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif iaitu</p><p>jenis kajian tinjauan. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada ibu bapa kanak-kanak prasekolah</p><p>di beberapa beberapa buah sekolah di daerah Klang. Pemilihan sekolah dilaksanakan</p><p>secara rawak mudah dan kesemua ibu bapa di sekolah tersebut terlibat untuk</p><p>menjawab soal selidik yang diedarkan. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah borang soal</p><p>selidik yang mempunyai kesahan (CVI > 0.90) dan kebolehpercayaan(nilai pekali</p><p>alpha: 0.45-0.80) yang baik. Data dianalisis dan dihuraikan berdasarkan peratusan,</p><p>kekerapan,mod, ujian t dan ujian korelasi. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap</p><p>pengetahuan (71.9%) dan sikap (96.2%) adalah tahap bagus manakala amalan</p><p>(47.7%) di tahap sederhana. Seterusnya, perbezaan pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan</p><p>mengikut jantina anak pula tidak terdapat perbezaan perspektif ibu bapa yang</p><p>signifikan (t = 0.25, p > 0.05). Skor min kanak-kanak lelaki (33.01) adalah lebih</p><p>tinggi daripada skor min kanak-kanak perempuan (32.89) namun perbezaan skor min</p><p>adalah kecil. Kemudian, hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap (r = 0.25, p <</p><p>0.05), pengetahuan dengan amalan (r = 0.62, p < 0.05) dan sikap dengan amalan (r =</p><p>0.25, p < 0.05) wujud hubungan yang signifikan walaupun kekuatan hubungan</p><p>berbeza. Kesimpulannya, tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan kebersihan diri adalah</p><p>antara bagus dan sederhana, bagi perbezaan pula, tiada perbezaan antara kanak-kanak</p><p>lelaki dan kanak-kanak perempuan dan hubungan antara pembolehubah turut</p><p>menunjukkan kekuatan yang berbeza. Kajian ini diharap dapat mendedahkan</p><p>kebersihan diri dalam kalangan ibu bapa dan juga kanak-kanak dengan lebih meluas</p><p>supaya dapat mengetahui tahap, perbezaan dan hubungan kebersihan diri dengan</p><p>pembolehubah pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan.</p> 2021 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7061 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7061 text zsm closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia <p>Ab Aziz Mohd Yatim. (2013). Modul pembangunan sahsiah. Perak: Universiti</p><p>Pendidikan Sultan Idris</p><p></p><p>Abutabenjeh, S. & Jaradat, R. (2018). Clarification of research design, research</p><p>methods, and research methodology: A guide for public administration</p><p>researcher and practitioners. Teaching Public Administration, 36(3), 237-258.</p><p></p><p>Ahmadu, B. U., Rimamchika, M., Ibrahim, A., Nnanubumom, A. A., Godiya, A., &</p><p>Emmanuel, P. (2013). State of personal hygiene among primary school</p><p>children: A community based cohort study. Sudanese journal of</p><p>paediatrics, 13(1), 38.</p><p></p><p>Akhtar, D. M. I. (2016). Research design. Available at SSRN 2862445, 68-83.</p><p></p><p>Aminah Ayob, Rohani Abdullah, Nani Menon & Jameyah Shariff. (2013). Modul</p><p>pendidik/pengasuh kursus asuhan & didikan awal kanak-kanak PERMATA.</p><p>Universiti Putra Malaysia: Serdang.</p><p></p><p>ALBashtawy, M. (2015). Personal hygiene in school children aged 612 years in</p><p>Jordan. British Journal of School Nursing, 10(8), 395-398. Diperoleh daripada</p><p>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285752655_Personal_hygiene_in_s</p><p>chool_children_aged_6-12_years_in_Jordan</p><p></p><p>Al-Rifaai, J. M., Al Haddad, A. M., & Qasem, J. A. (2018). Personal hygiene among</p><p>college students in Kuwait: A Health promotion perspective. Journal of</p><p>education and health promotion, 7.</p><p></p><p>Ang, K. H.. (2016). Pengenalan rangkakerja metodologi dalam kajian penyelidikan:</p><p>Satu kajian kes. Journal home page, 1(1).</p><p></p><p>Arain, M., Campbell, M. J., Cooper, C. L., & Lancaster, G. A. (2010). What is a pilot</p><p>or feasibility study? A review of current practice and editorial policy. BMC</p><p>medical research methodology, 10(1), 67.</p><p></p><p>Arasinah Kamis, Ab Rahim Bakar, Ramlah Hamzah, Soaib Asmiran. (2012). Kesahan</p><p>dan kebolehpercayaa instrument kompetensi Rekaan Fesyen Pakaian (RFP).</p><p>Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 37(2), 11-19.</p><p></p><p>Aubrey, K., & Riley, A. (2019). Understanding and using educational theories. SAGE</p><p>Publications Limited.</p><p></p><p>Azizi Yahya, Peter Voo, Ismail Maakip & Mohd Dahlan A. Malek. (2017). Kaedah</p><p>penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. Perak: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p></p><p>Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice Hall.</p><p></p><p>Bano, R., AlShammari, E., Fatima, S. B., & Al-Shammari, N. A. (2013). A comparative</p><p>study of knowledge, attitude, practice of nutrition and non-nutrition student</p><p>towards a balanced diet in Hail University. IOSR Journal of Nursing and</p><p>Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), 2, 29-36.</p><p></p><p>Bashir, S., & Masih, S. (2018). School health services project on personal hygiene</p><p>among school children of age 1215 in underprivileged community in</p><p>Karachi. Biomedical Journal, 1, 6.</p><p></p><p>Begum, T. (2019). Parental knowledge, attitudes and practices in early childhood</p><p>development among low income. Universal Journal of Public Health, 7(5),</p><p>214-226.</p><p></p><p>Bhasah Abu Bakar. (2007). Kaedah analisis data penyelidikan ilmiah. Utusan</p><p>Publications.</p><p></p><p>Bisung, E., & Elliott, S. J. (2017). Psychosocial impacts of the lack of access to water</p><p>and sanitation in low-and middle-income countries: a scoping review. Journal</p><p>of water and health, 15(1), 17-30.</p><p></p><p>Bodrova, E., & Leong, D. J. (2003). Learning and development of preschool children</p><p>from the Vygotskian perspective. Vygotskys educational theory in cultural</p><p>context, 156-176.</p><p></p><p>Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: experiments by nature</p><p>and design. Harvard University Press.</p><p></p><p>Cain, M. K., Zhang, Z., & Yuan, K. H. (2017). Univariate and multivariate skewness</p><p>and kurtosis for measuring nonnormality: Prevalence, influence and</p><p>estimation. Behavior Research Methods, 49(5), 1716-1735.</p><p></p><p>Chaudhari, A., Mansuri, S., Singh, A., & Talsania, N. (2015). A study on Personal</p><p>Hygiene of school going and non-school going children in Ahmedabad</p><p>district, Gujarat. National Journal of Community Medicine, 6(3), 437-441.</p><p></p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2006). Asas Statistik Penyelidikan. Shah Alam: McGraw-Hill Education.</p><p></p><p>Cohen, L & Morrison, K. (2003). Research Method in Education (6th ed). London:</p><p>Routledge Palmer.</p><p></p><p>Corder, G. W., & Foreman, D. I. (2014). Nonparametric statistics: A step-by-step</p><p>approach . Hoboken.</p><p></p><p>Dakhili, S., Alsuwaidi, N. O., Saeed, S., Murad, S. B., Mohammad, D.,</p><p>Muttappallymyalil, J., et al (2014). Oral hygiene: association between</p><p>knowledge and practice among school going children in Ajman, United Arab</p><p>Emirates. American Journal of Research Communication, 2(10), 39-48.</p><p></p><p>Daniel J. Mundfrom, Dale G. Shaw & Tian Lu Ke. (2005). Minimum sample size</p><p>recommendations for conducting factor analyses. International Journal of</p><p>Testing, 5:2, 159-168, DOI: 10.1207/s15327574ijt0502_4</p><p></p><p>Deka, P. P. (2016). A study on parental involvement in higher level of education: voices</p><p>of parents and students in Pub-Kamrup College and Patidarrang College,</p><p>Kamrup district. Clarion: International Multidisciplinary Journal, 5(1).</p><p></p><p>Ellyza Karim & Kamisah Osman. (2018). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan ujian</p><p>kemahiran proses sains untuk murid sekolah rendah berdasarkan Model</p><p>Pengukuran Rasch (Validity and reliability of science process skills test for</p><p>primary school pupils based on Rasch Measurement Model). Jurnal</p><p>Pendidikan Malaysia| Malaysian Journal of Education, 43(3), 1-9.</p><p></p><p>Elsabagh, H. M., Atlam, S. A., & Shehab, N. S. (2016) Knowledge, Attitude and</p><p>Practice Regarding Personal Hygiene among Preschool Children in Tanta city,</p><p>Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Practice, 75, 3-75.</p><p></p><p>Farah, S., Karim, M., Akther, N., Begum, M., & Begum, N. (2015). Knowledge and</p><p>practice of personal hygiene and sanitation: a study in selected slums of Dhaka</p><p>city. Delta Medical College Journal, 3(2), 68-73.</p><p></p><p>Field, A. (2000). Discovering Statistics using SPSS for windows. London Thousand</p><p>Oaks New Delhi: Sage publications.</p><p></p><p>Ghanim, M., Dash, N., Abdullah, B., Issa, H., Albarazi, R., & Al Saheli, Z. (2016).</p><p>Knowledge and practice of personal hygiene among primary school students</p><p>in Sharjah-UAE. Journal of Health Science, 6(5), 67-73.</p><p></p><p>Ghose, J. K., Rahman, M. M., Hassan, J., Khan, M. S. R., & Alam, M. A. (2012).</p><p>Knowledge and practicing behavior related to personal hygiene among the</p><p>secondary school students of Mymensingh Sadar Upazilla,</p><p>Bangladesh. Microbes and Health, 1(1), 34-37.</p><p></p><p>Gordon, A. M., & Browne, K. W. (2017). Beginnings & beyond: Foundations in early</p><p>childhood education. Cengage learning.</p><p></p><p>Guillemin, F., Bombardier, C., & Beaton, D. (1993). Cross-cultural adaptation of</p><p>health-related quality of life measures: literature review and proposed</p><p>guidelines. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 46(12), 1417-1432.</p><p></p><p>Hair, J. f., Black, B., Babin, B., Anderson, R. E. & Tatham, R. L.. (2010). Multivariate</p><p>data analysis: a global perspective. New Jersey, USA: Pearson Education Inc.</p><p></p><p>Hamasha, A. A., Rasheed, S. J., Aldosari, M. M. & Rajion, Z. (2019). Parents</p><p>knowledge and awareness of their childrens oral health in Riyadh, Saudi</p><p>Arabia. The Open Dentistry Journal, 13(1).</p><p></p><p>Hassan, O. N. A. Z., El Karmalawy, E. M. A. H., & Mohammed, A. A. R. (2019). Effect</p><p>of personal hygiene program on knowledges and practices of mentally retarded</p><p>students at El-Fikrya schools in Minia Governorate, Egypt. Journal of Nursing</p><p>and Health Science, 8(3), 33-43.</p><p></p><p>Hegde, A. M., Kar, A., Lekshmi, R., & Mathew, M. (2016). Knowledge attitude and</p><p>practices of oral and personal hygiene to prevent communicable diseases</p><p>among students in and around the city of Mangalore. An epidemiological</p><p>survey. Nitte University Journal of Health Science, 6(2), 35-39.</p><p></p><p>Hishamuddin Md. Som. (2005). Panduan mudah analisis data menggunakan SPSS</p><p>windows. Skudai: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Howard, G., & Bogh, C. (2002). Healthy villages: A guide for communities and</p><p>community health workers. World health organization.</p><p></p><p>Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Selangor. (2019). Rumusan data 2019. Diperoleh daripada</p><p>https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNGNhZDUyNmUtYjc1Yy00OTg4</p><p>LWI3ZTEtYmMxNTU2MzU0ODljIiwidCI6ImQ3M2UwNDFkLWE2MzAt</p><p>NDg5NS05NmZlLWRiMGUxZTc0Y2Y5OCIsImMiOjEwfQ%3D%3D</p><p></p><p>Jackson, S. L. (2015). Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach.</p><p>Cengage Learning.</p><p></p><p>Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. (2019). Educational research: Quantitative,</p><p>qualitative, and mixed approaches. SAGE Publications, Incorporated.</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. (2016a). Plan strategik KKM 2016 2020. Bahagian</p><p>Perancangan, Kementerian Kesihatan.</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. (2016b). National strategic plan for noncommunicable</p><p>disease NSP NCD 2016 2020. Putrajaya: Bahagian</p><p>Kawalan Penyakit (NCD).</p><p></p><p>Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2014). Kurikulum standard sekolah rendah:</p><p>dokuman standard kurikulum dan pentaksiran: pendidikan kesihatan tahun</p><p>enam. Putrajaya: Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum Diperoleh daripada</p><p>https://www.moe.gov.my/images/WargaKPM/Guru/KSSR/DSKP%20KSSR</p><p>%20PENDIDIKAN%20KESIHATAN%20Tahun%206.pdf</p><p></p><p>Kervin, L., Vialle, W., Herrington, J., & Okely, T. (2016). Research for educators.</p><p>Thomson. Social Science Press.</p><p></p><p>Krejcie, R.V. dan Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research</p><p>activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 30, 607-610.</p><p></p><p>Kumar, J., Kumar, S., Singh, R.K., Jiyaullah, M. & Kumar, P. (2018). Knowledge and</p><p>practice of personal hygiene among senior secondary school students of a rural</p><p>area: innovative study. International Journal of Scientific and Research</p><p>Publications, 8(12), 28-31.</p><p></p><p>Kumar, R. (2019). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. London:</p><p>Sage Publications Limited.</p><p></p><p>Kumwenda, S. (2019). Challenges to Hygiene Improvement in Developing Countries.</p><p>In The Relevance of Hygiene to Health in Developing Countries. IntechOpen.</p><p></p><p>Lal, B. S., & Kavitha, G. (2016). Assessment of personal hygiene knowledge and</p><p>practices: an empirical study of schooling children in Warangal. International</p><p>Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5(8), 1521-1524.</p><p></p><p>Le, T. C., & Cheong, F. (2010). Perceptions of risk and risk management in Vietnamese</p><p>Catfish farming: An empirical study. Aquaculture Economics & Management,</p><p>14(4), 282-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2010.526019</p><p></p><p>Memon, M. S., Shaikh, S. A., Shaikh, A. R., Fahim, M. F., Mumtaz, S. N., & Ahmed,</p><p>N. (2015). An assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards</p><p>diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in a suburban town of Karachi. Pakistan</p><p>Journal of Medical Sciences, 31(1), 183.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Hilmi Mahmud & Kamaliah Siarap. (2013). Kempen pencegahan H1N1: Kajian</p><p>tentang pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan penduduk di timur laut Pulau</p><p>Pinang. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 29(1).</p><p></p><p>Mohamad Najib Abdul Ghafar. (2006). Reka bentuk tinjauan soal selidik pendidikan.</p><p>Skudai, Johor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah & Leow, T. W. (2017). Kesahan dan</p><p>Kebolehpercayaan instrument penilaian kendiri pembelajaran geometri</p><p>tingkatan satu (Learning form one geometry: validity and reliability of a selfevaluation</p><p>instrument). Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 14(1),</p><p>211-265.</p><p></p><p>Muhd Kamal, Ahmad & Muhammad Dawilah. (2014). Instrumen penilaian kemahiran</p><p>generik dalam kursus pendidikan jasmani dan kesihatan (PJK): satu analisis</p><p>literatur. 227-236. Diperoleh daripada</p><p>http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5482/1/Syed_Muhd_Kamal_Bin_S.A.Bakar(Full</p><p>_Paper).pdf</p><p></p><p>Mukherji, P., & Albon, D. (2018). Research methods in early childhood: An</p><p>introductory guide. Sage.</p><p></p><p>Mutepfa, M. M., & Tapera, R. (2019). Traditional Survey and Questionnaire</p><p>Platforms. Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 541-</p><p>558.</p><p></p><p>Noorsyarzielah Saleh. (2013). Kesedaran terhadap amalan pemakanan seimbang</p><p>dalam kalangan pelajar Politeknik Merlimau, Melaka: satu tinjauan.</p><p>(Disertasi Kedoktoran) Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.Diperoleh</p><p>daripada</p><p>http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5351/1/NOORSYARZIELAH_BINTI_SALEH.p</p><p>df</p><p></p><p>Noor Ul Hadi, Naziruddin Abdullah & Ilham Sentosa. (2016). An easy approach to</p><p>exploratory factor analysis: Marketing perspective. Journal of Educational</p><p>and Social Research, 6(1), 215.</p><p></p><p>Nor Kalsum Mohd Isa. (2016). Pengetahuan, sikap dan tingkah laku pelajar UPSI</p><p>terhadap prinsip-prinsip kampus lestari. Perspektif: Jurnal Sains Sosial dan</p><p>Kemanusiaan, 8(1), 29-41.</p><p></p><p>Nurul A Mohamed, Nur N Zulkifli Amin, Shalinawati Ramli, Ilina Isahak & Nooriah</p><p>Mohamed Salleh. (2016). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of hand hygiene</p><p>among parents of preschool children. Journal of Scientific and Innovative</p><p>Research, 5(1), 1-6.</p><p></p><p>Nur Syahira Abd Latif, Azizan Abdullah & Nawawi Mohd Jan. (2016). A pilot study</p><p>of entrepreneurial orientation towards commercialization of university</p><p>research products. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 93-99.</p><p></p><p>Ong, S. C., Zamri Mahamod, & Hamidah Yamat. (2013). Faktor jantina, kaum, aliran</p><p>kelas dan hubungannya dengan kecerdasan emosi murid dalam mempelajari</p><p>Bahasa Melayu. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 3(1), 12-23.</p><p></p><p>Oyibo, P. G. (2012). Basic personal hygiene: knowledge and practices among school</p><p>children aged 6-14 years in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. Continental Journal</p><p>of Tropical Medicine, 6(1), 5.</p><p></p><p>Parveen, F., Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Hussain & Amir Gilani. (2018).</p><p>Knowledge, attitude and practice towards personal hygiene among</p><p>primary:school children of rural area of Lahore, Pakistan. Saudi Journal of</p><p>Nursing and Health Care, (1)3, 91-97.</p><p></p><p>Pirchio, S., Tritrini, C., Passiatore, Y., & Taeschner, T. (2013). The role of the</p><p>relationship between parents and educators for child behaviour and</p><p>wellbeing. International Journal about Parents in Education, 7(2), 145-155.</p><p></p><p>Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). The Content Validity Index: Are You Sure You</p><p>Know Whats Being Reported? Critique and Recommendations. Research in</p><p>Nursing and Health, 29, 489-497.</p><p></p><p>Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. (2017). Kamus Bahasa Melayu. Diperoleh daripada</p><p>http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=ibu+bapa</p><p></p><p>Ranasinghe, S., Ramesh, S., & Jacobsen, K. H. (2016). Hygiene and mental health</p><p>among middle school students in India and 11 other countries. Journal of</p><p>infection and Public Health, 9(4), 429-435.</p><p></p><p>Rajbhandari, A. K., Dhaubanjar, R., GC, K. B., & Dahal, M. (2018). Knowledge and</p><p>practice of personal hygiene among secondary school students of grade nine</p><p>and ten. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences, 5(2), 107-113.</p><p></p><p>Rasool Hassan BA. (2012). Importance of personal hygiene. Pharmaceut Anal</p><p>Acta, 3(8). doi: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000e126.</p><p></p><p>Rav-Marathe, K., Wan, T. H., & Marathe, S. (2016). A systematic review on the KAPO</p><p>framework for diabetes education and research. Med. Res. Arch, 4, 1-22.</p><p></p><p>Sachdeva, S., Taneja, N., & Dwivedi, N. (2018). Knowledge, attitude and practices</p><p>studies conducted amongst medical students of India. Int J Community Med</p><p>Public Health, 5, 3913-8.</p><p></p><p>Salas-Zapata, W. A., Ros-Osorio, L. A., & Cardona-Arias, J. A. (2018). Knowledge,</p><p>Attitudes and Practices of Sustainability: Systematic Review 1990</p><p>2016. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 20(1), 46-63.</p><p></p><p>Santos, R. D. O., Gorgulho, B. M., Castro, M. A. D., Fisberg, R. M., Marchioni, D. M.,</p><p>& Baltar, V. T. (2019). Principal component analysis and factor analysis:</p><p>Differences and similarities in nutritional epidemiology application. Revista</p><p>Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 22, e190041.</p><p></p><p>Salina Mokhtar & Rahimi Che Aman. (2017). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan</p><p>instrumen kesejahteraan psikologi versi Bahasa Melayu. Diperoleh daripada</p><p>https://seminarserantau2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/4-salina-mokhtarrahimi-</p><p>che-aman.pdf</p><p></p><p>Sarkar, M. (2013). Personal hygiene among primary school children living in a slum of</p><p>Kolkata, India. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 54(3), 153- 158.</p><p></p><p>Sehrawat P., Shivlingesh K. K., Gupta B., Anand R.,</p><p>Sharma A. & Chaudhry M.. (2016). Oral health knowledge, awareness and</p><p>associated practices of pre-school children's mothers in Greater Noida, India.</p><p>Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 23(3):152-157.</p><p></p><p>Sihra, J., Meena, G., Meena, N., Naroliya, D., Saini, L., Kaur, M., et al. (2018).</p><p>Assessment of knowledge and practices regarding personal hygiene among</p><p>students of government schools of Jaipur city: A cross-sectional survey.</p><p>International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH), 4(4), 125-130.</p><p></p><p>Siltrakool, B. (2017). Assessment of community pharmacists knowledge, attitude and</p><p>practice regarding non-prescription antimicrobial use and resistance in</p><p>Thailand. Diperoleh daripada</p><p>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322675323_Assessment_of_Comm</p><p>unity_Pharmacists'_Knowledge_Attitude_and_Practice_Regarding_Non-</p><p>Prescription_Antimicrobial_Use_and_Resistance_in_Thailand</p><p></p><p>Siti Ruhani Mohd Yusoff, Zarina Md Nor & Bahiyah Omar. (2018). Modelling the role</p><p>of financial knowledge, attitude and practices in economic empowerment of</p><p>single mothers. International Journal for Studies on Children, Women,</p><p>Elderly and Disabled,(3), 54-60.</p><p></p><p>Smith, M. B. (2019). March's advanced organic chemistry: reactions, mechanisms, and</p><p>structure. John Wiley & Sons.</p><p></p><p>Stephens, K. (2007). Parents are powerful role models for children. Parenting</p><p>exchange. DIperoleh daripada https://www.easternflorida.edu/communityresources/</p><p>child-development-centers/parent-resourcelibrary/</p><p>documents/parents-powerful-role-models.pdf</p><p></p><p>Sulaiman Masri. (2005). Kaedah penyelidikan dan panduan penulisan: esei, proposal,</p><p>tesis. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications.</p><p></p><p>Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbachs alpha when developing and reporting</p><p>research instruments in science education. Research in Science</p><p>Education, 48(6), 1273-1296.</p><p></p><p>Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and reliability of the research instrument; how to test</p><p>the validation of a questionnaire/survey in a research.</p><p></p><p>Ten Hove, D., Jorgensen, T. D., & van der Ark, L. A. (2017). On the usefulness of</p><p>interrater reliability coefficients. In The Annual Meeting of the Psychometric</p><p>Society (pp. 67-75). Springer, Cham.</p><p></p><p>Undang-undang Malaysia. (2012). Akta Pendidikan 1996 (Akta 550). Malaysia:</p><p>Pesuruhjaya Penyemak Undang-undang. Dicapai daripada</p><p>http://www.agc.gov.my/agcportal/uploads/files/Publications/LOM/MY/Akta</p><p>%20550(1).pdf</p><p></p><p>United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). (2011). Water, sanitation and hygiene for</p><p>school children in emergencies: A guidebook for teachers. Diperoleh daripada</p><p>https://www.unicef.org/disabilities/files/WASH_in__Schools_in_Emergenci</p><p>es_Guidebook_for_teachers_.pdf</p><p></p><p>United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). (2016). School-based healthy living and</p><p>hiv/aids prevention education for middle and high schools (teachers guide):</p><p>personal hygiene: fifth standard (501). Diperoleh daripada</p><p>https://www.unicef.org/lifeskills/files/5thGrade.pdf</p><p></p><p>Vimalrajkumar, N., Mathialagan, P., & Sabarathanam, V. E. (2016). Developing a</p><p>Guttman scale for measuring the degree of empowerment of rural women.</p><p></p><p>Wan Muhamad Amir, Ruhaya Hasan & Nor Affendy Nor Azmi. (2017). Analisis data</p><p>menggunakan borang soal selidik. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Wang, R., Yang, Y., Chen, R., Kan, H., Wu, J., Wang, et al (2015). Knowledge,</p><p>attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the relationship between air pollution and</p><p>childrens respiratory health in Shanghai, China. International journal of</p><p>environmental research and public health, 12(2), 1834-1848.</p><p></p><p>Water Aid. 2012. Hygiene framework. London: UK. Diperoleh daripada</p><p>https://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/WATERAI</p><p>D%202012%20Hygiene%20framework.pdf</p><p></p><p>Whitehead, A. L., Julious, S. A., Cooper, C. L., & Campbell, M. J. (2016). Estimating</p><p>the sample size for a pilot randomised trial to minimise the overall trial sample</p><p>size for the external pilot and main trial for a continuous outcome</p><p>variable. Statistical methods in medical research, 25(3), 1057-1073.</p><p></p><p>Yuslina Mohamed, Bhasah Abu Bakar, Fariza Puteh Behak dan Ramiaida Darmi.</p><p>(2018). Asas metodologi penyelidikan praktikal. Penerbit USIM, Universiti</p><p>Sains Islam Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Zailinawati Abu Hassan., Schattner, P., & Mazza, D. (2006). Doing a pilot study: why</p><p>is it essential?. Malaysian family physician: the official journal of the Academy</p><p>of Family Physicians of Malaysia, 1(2-3), 70.</p><p></p><p>Zikmund,W.G. (2006). Business Research Method (8th ed). Stamford, connecticut: The</p><p>Thomson Corporation.</p><p></p><p>Zulkarnain Lubis & Abdullah Osman. (2015). Statistik dalam penyelidikan sains</p><p>sosial: aplikasi dan falsafah. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Perlis.</p><p></p>

Similar Items