Exploring parential involvement in early childhood education in Phillipines a case study
<p>This case study explored parental involvement in early childhood education in the</p><p>Philippines from kindergarten stakeholders' perspectives. Purposive sampling was used to</p><p>select 13 school-cases with 87 particip...
Saved in:
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | thesis |
Language: | eng |
Published: |
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7131 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:7131 |
---|---|
record_format |
uketd_dc |
institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
collection |
UPSI Digital Repository |
language |
eng |
topic |
|
spellingShingle |
Bartolome, Melissa T. Exploring parential involvement in early childhood education in Phillipines a case study |
description |
<p>This case study explored parental involvement in early childhood education in the</p><p>Philippines from kindergarten stakeholders' perspectives. Purposive sampling was used to</p><p>select 13 school-cases with 87 participants comprising of kindergarten children, parents,</p><p>teachers, school principals, and government officials. Document analysis was used to examine</p><p>existing documents related to this study. From this, four themes emerged. These are kinds of</p><p>parental involvement, stakeholders capacity, characteristics of school-facilitated </p><p>parental involvement, and basis for the development of a program. Interview protocol was</p><p>developed based on these themes. The interview instrument was validated by five </p><p>independent early childhood education experts. Then, interviews among stakeholders were</p><p>conducted. Data from document analysis and interviews went through content and </p><p>thematic analysis outlined by Cresswell on the first run and by the use of Atlas.ti on the</p><p>second run. Four themes emerged from the interview. These are meaningful </p><p>home-school interaction, collective in-school engagement, structured at-home learning support, and</p><p>refining stakeholders' capacity. These themes were used in the formulation of the</p><p>School-facilitated Parental Involvement (SPIn) framework. This framework offers a</p><p>contextualized blueprint for Filipino families' engagement in school with emphasis on refining </p><p>the capacity of every stakeholder in the school system. The study underscored</p><p>the need for crafting policies intended for parental involvement that can lawfully set guidelines</p><p>for smooth implementations of programs where stakeholders can be reinforced for school engagement.</p><p>In conclusion, the main finding of this study shows that home-school interaction, in-school</p><p>engagement, and at-home learning support play a vital role in school system. These types</p><p>of parental involvement are collaboratively done by the parents, teachers, administrators, and</p><p>other stakeholders for the holistic development of children. The implication of this study</p><p>highlights that</p><p>SPIn framework could be used by early childhood education in Philippines.</p><p></p> |
format |
thesis |
qualification_name |
|
qualification_level |
Doctorate |
author |
Bartolome, Melissa T. |
author_facet |
Bartolome, Melissa T. |
author_sort |
Bartolome, Melissa T. |
title |
Exploring parential involvement in early childhood education in Phillipines a case study |
title_short |
Exploring parential involvement in early childhood education in Phillipines a case study |
title_full |
Exploring parential involvement in early childhood education in Phillipines a case study |
title_fullStr |
Exploring parential involvement in early childhood education in Phillipines a case study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exploring parential involvement in early childhood education in Phillipines a case study |
title_sort |
exploring parential involvement in early childhood education in phillipines a case study |
granting_institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
granting_department |
Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7131 |
_version_ |
1747833359167389696 |
spelling |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:71312022-06-13 Exploring parential involvement in early childhood education in Phillipines a case study 2019 Bartolome, Melissa T. <p>This case study explored parental involvement in early childhood education in the</p><p>Philippines from kindergarten stakeholders' perspectives. Purposive sampling was used to</p><p>select 13 school-cases with 87 participants comprising of kindergarten children, parents,</p><p>teachers, school principals, and government officials. Document analysis was used to examine</p><p>existing documents related to this study. From this, four themes emerged. These are kinds of</p><p>parental involvement, stakeholders capacity, characteristics of school-facilitated </p><p>parental involvement, and basis for the development of a program. Interview protocol was</p><p>developed based on these themes. The interview instrument was validated by five </p><p>independent early childhood education experts. Then, interviews among stakeholders were</p><p>conducted. Data from document analysis and interviews went through content and </p><p>thematic analysis outlined by Cresswell on the first run and by the use of Atlas.ti on the</p><p>second run. Four themes emerged from the interview. These are meaningful </p><p>home-school interaction, collective in-school engagement, structured at-home learning support, and</p><p>refining stakeholders' capacity. These themes were used in the formulation of the</p><p>School-facilitated Parental Involvement (SPIn) framework. This framework offers a</p><p>contextualized blueprint for Filipino families' engagement in school with emphasis on refining </p><p>the capacity of every stakeholder in the school system. The study underscored</p><p>the need for crafting policies intended for parental involvement that can lawfully set guidelines</p><p>for smooth implementations of programs where stakeholders can be reinforced for school engagement.</p><p>In conclusion, the main finding of this study shows that home-school interaction, in-school</p><p>engagement, and at-home learning support play a vital role in school system. These types</p><p>of parental involvement are collaboratively done by the parents, teachers, administrators, and</p><p>other stakeholders for the holistic development of children. The implication of this study</p><p>highlights that</p><p>SPIn framework could be used by early childhood education in Philippines.</p><p></p> 2019 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7131 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7131 text eng closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia <p>Ablong, W. (2016). Brigada Eskwela, model for public-private partnership. Metro Post. </p><p>Retrieved from http://dumaguetemetropost.com/brigada-eskwela-model-</p><p>for-publicprivate-partnership-p7538-635.htm</p><p></p><p>Alampay, L. P. (2014). Parenting Across Cultures, 7, </p><p>105121. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7503-9</p><p></p><p>Albert, J. R. (2016). What do statistics say about basic education in the Philippines?</p><p>Retrieved from https://www.pids.gov.ph/</p><p></p><p>Almonte-Acosta, S. (2015). Filipino mothers involvement in the education of their</p><p>Japanese-Filipino children. Pacific-Asian Education Journal, 27, 6174.</p><p></p><p>Atinc, T. M. (2017). Investigations into using data to improve learning: Philippine case</p><p> study. Global Economy and Development, 64. Retrieved from</p><p>https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/global-20170307- philippines-case-study.pdf</p><p></p><p>Bck, U. D. K. (2010). Parental involvement practices in formalized home-school</p><p>cooperation. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 54(6), 549563.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2010.522845</p><p></p><p>Baker, C. B., & Rimm-Kaufman, S. E. (2014). How homes influence schools: Early parenting predicts</p><p> African American childrens classroom social-emotional functioning. Psychology </p><p> in the Schools, 51(7), 722735. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits</p><p></p><p>Bang, Y. (2018). Parents: perspectives on how their behaviors impede parent-teacher collaboration.</p><p> Social Behavior and Personality, 46(11), 17871800.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7270</p><p></p><p>Bellibas, M. S., & Gumus, S. (2013). The impact of socio-economic status on parental involvement in</p><p>Turkish primary schools: Perspectives of Teachers. International Journal of Progressive Education,</p><p>9(3), 178193.</p><p></p><p>Blair, S. L. (2016). Parental involvement and childrens educational performance : A comparison of</p><p>Filipino and U. S. Parents. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 45(3), 351366.</p><p>https://doi.org/02-08-2016 03:58 UTC</p><p></p><p>Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Quality</p><p>Research Journal, 9(2), 2740. https://doi.org/10.3316/qrj0902027</p><p></p><p>Bower, H., Powers, J., & Graham, L. (2010). Home learning activities : A feasible</p><p>practice for increasing parental involvement. Academic Leadership Online</p><p>Journal, 8(4). Retrieved from AcademicLeadership.org</p><p></p><p>Brand, S. T., Marchand, J., Lilly, E., & Child, M. (2014). Home-school literacy bags for</p><p>twenty-first century Preschoolers. Early Childhood Education Journal, 42(3), 163170.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-013-0603-8</p><p></p><p>Bush, V. (2012). Community PTAs believes it takes a village to improve education.</p><p>Our Children, (April-May).</p><p></p><p>Cabardo, J. R. O. (2016). Levels of participation of the school stakeholders to the</p><p>different school-initiated activities and the implementation of school-based</p><p>management. Journal of Inquiry and Action in Education, 8(1), 8194. Retrieved from</p><p>https://eric.ed.gov/?q=School+stakeholders&id=EJ1133596</p><p></p><p>Cagdas, A., Ozel, E., & Konca, A. S. (2016). Investigating parental involvement at</p><p>beginning of elementary school. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 12(4),</p><p>891908. https://doi.org/1304-9496</p><p></p><p>Carmichael, C., & MacDonald, A. (2014). Parental influences on primary school childrens</p><p>mathematics achievement: Insights from the longitudinal study of Australian children. </p><p>Education 3-13: International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early </p><p> Years Education, 44(2), 197211.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2014.939684</p><p></p><p>Child and Youth Welfare Code (1974). Civil Code of the Philippines.</p><p></p><p>Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2014). The family engagement inventory (FEI): A brief</p><p> cross-disciplinary synthesis. Retrieved from</p><p>https://www.childwelfare.gov</p><p></p><p>Chindanya, A. (2011). Parental involvement in primary schools: A case study of the Zaka District</p><p>of Zimbabwe. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.</p><p></p><p>Chung, G. H., Lee, H., Lee, J., & Lee, K. (2015). A mediational model of school</p><p>involvement, knowledge about a childs school life, and parental efficacy among South Korean</p><p>mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(4), 899908.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-9900-0</p><p></p><p>Clipa, O., & Gavriluta, P. (2017). Early childhood education - Parents perceptions. The European</p><p>Proceedings of Social & Behavioral Sciences, (May), 17161723.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.05.02.210</p><p></p><p>Cobano-Delgado, V. (2015). Parent participation in the Spanish school system: School </p><p>councils. International Education Studies, 8(11), 156161.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n11p156</p><p></p><p>Countries in the World by population. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.worldometers.info/</p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five </p><p>Approaches. SAGE (Vol. 2nd ed).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2008.02.005</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative </p><p>and qualitative research. Educational Research (Vol. 4).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods</p><p>approaches. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173- 7.2</p><p></p><p>Crosby, S. A., Rasinski, T., Padak, N., & Yildirim, K. (2015). A 3-year study of a</p><p>school-based parental involvement program in early literacy. The Journal of Educational </p><p> Research, 108(2), 165172.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2013.867472</p><p></p><p>da Costa, R. B., Hall, S. M., & Spear, A. (2016). Whose reality? A meta-analysis of qualitative</p><p>research in international and comparative education. The Qualitative Report, </p><p>21(4), 661676. Retrieved from</p><p>https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol21/iss4/5</p><p></p><p>Danielian, J., & Langley, S. D. (2014, January). Connecting for high potential... The</p><p>Parent/Teacher conference.</p><p></p><p>De Melo, A. T., & Alarcao, M. (2015). Building future communities: Strengthening relational bonds</p><p>for a positive future. Journal of Community Psychology, 43(7), 878884.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop</p><p></p><p>del Valle, G. B. (2012). Using a web-based program to increase parental</p><p>involvement: Teachers and Administrators perceptions. University of Phoenix. Retrieved </p><p> from</p><p>http://ezproxy.usherbrooke.ca/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx</p><p>?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-99070-276&site=ehost-live</p><p></p><p>Department of Education (2004). Qualification standards for the positions of Head teachers</p><p>and Principal. Retrieved July 8, 2018, from www.deped.gov.ph</p><p></p><p>Department of Education (2010). Qualification standards for the position of</p><p>Education program supervisor. Retrieved from www.deped.gov.ph</p><p></p><p>Department of Education. (2015). Guidelines on the enhanced school improvement planning</p><p>process and the school report card. Retrieved from www.deped.gov.ph</p><p></p><p>Department of Education. (2016a). DepEd memo 35 series of 2016: Implementing Brigada</p><p>Eskwela. Retrieved from www.deped.com.ph</p><p></p><p>Department of Education. (2016b). Omnibus Policy on Kindergarten Education</p><p>Retrieved from www.deped.gov.edu.ph</p><p></p><p>Deslandes, R. (2009). International perspectives on student outcomes and homework:</p><p>family-school-community partnership. (B. Creemers, D. Reynold, & J.</p><p>Chrispeels, Eds.). New York, USA: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Retrieved</p><p>from www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk</p><p></p><p>Dor, A. (2012). Parents involvement in school: Attitudes of Teachers and School</p><p>Counselors. US-China Education Review, 11, 921935. https://doi.org/1548- 6613</p><p></p><p>Dumais, S. A. (2015). Cultural capital and education. International Encyclopedia of the Social and</p><p>Behavioral Sciences, 2, 375381. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0- 12-394807-6.00179-9</p><p></p><p>Durand, T. M. (2011). Latino parental involvement in kindergarten: Findings from the early</p><p>childhood longitudinal study. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 33(4), 469489.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986311423077</p><p></p><p>Echaune, M., Ndiku, J. M., & Sang, A. (2015). Parental involvement in homework and</p><p>primary school academic performance in Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(9), 4654.</p><p>Retrieved from www.iiste.org</p><p></p><p>Edwards, R., & David, M. (1997). Where are the Children in home-school relations? Notes towards </p><p>a research agenda. Children & Society, 11, 194200.</p><p>https://doi.org/0951-0605/97/030194</p><p></p><p>Eng, S., Szmodis, W., & Mulsow, M. (2014). Cambodian parental involvement. The Elementary School</p><p>Journal, 114(4), 573594. https://doi.org/10.1086/675639</p><p></p><p>Epstein, J. (2001). Epsteins framework of six types of involvement including sample practices,</p><p>challenges, redefinitions, and expected Results. Center for the Social Organization of Schools,</p><p>16.</p><p></p><p>Epstein, J. L., Sanders, M. G., Simon, B. S., Salinas, K. C., Jansorn, N. R., and Van Voorhis, F.</p><p>(2002). School, family, and community partnerships: Your handbook for action, </p><p> Vol. 5. Retrieved from</p><p>http://www.nj.gov/education/title1/tech/module4/epstein.pdf</p><p></p><p>Errzuriz, P., Cerfogli, C., Moreno, G., & Soto, G. (2016). Perception of Chilean</p><p>parents on the Triple P Program for improving parenting practices. Journal of Child and</p><p>Family Studies, 25(11), 34403449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826- 016-0492-8</p><p></p><p>Eva, Y. H. L., Hui, L., & Nirmala, R. (2012). Exploring parental involvement in early years</p><p>education in China: Development and validation of the Chinese Early Parental Involvement</p><p>Scale (CEPIS). International Journal of Early Years Education, 20(4), 405421.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2012.743099</p><p></p><p>Family Engagement Curriculum Task Team. (2012). A cross-systems definition of family</p><p>engagement for West Virginia. Retrieved from www.wvsystemofcare.org</p><p></p><p>Fatin Aliana, M. R., Mohd Noorazam, A. R., & Nor Hashima, M. S. (2010). Parental involvement in</p><p>school to improve academic achievement: Primary teachers views. International Journal of</p><p>Learning, 17(9), 259270.</p><p></p><p>Ferrara, M. M. (2015). Parent involvement facilitators: Unlocking social capital wealth. </p><p> School Community Journal, 25(1), 2952. Retrieved from</p><p>http://search.proquest.com/openview/a58cddb779d58848edbe5cad3754e914/1?p q-</p><p>origsite=gscholar%5Cnhttp://www.aera.net/DesktopModules/NOAH_Common/</p><p>Dialogs/DownloadRepFile.aspx?docID=931204&Version=1&fileExtension=.pdf</p><p></p><p>Fisher, Y. (2016). Multi-dimensional perception of parental involvement. Universal Journal </p><p> of Educational Research, 4(2), 457463.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2016.040220</p><p></p><p>Garcia, A. S. (2018). Parental involvement among low-income Filipinos : A</p><p>phenomenological inquiry. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved from</p><p>https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/304%0A</p><p></p><p>George, D. D., & Mensah, D. K. D. (2010). Parental involvement in home work for childrens academic</p><p>success: A study in the Cape Coast municipality. Academic Leadership Online Journal, 8(2).</p><p>https://doi.org/15337812</p><p></p><p>Gonida, E. N., & Cortina, K. S. (2014). Parental involvement in homework: Relations with parent</p><p> and student achievement-related motivational beliefs and achievement. British </p><p>Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 376396. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12039</p><p></p><p>Goodall, J., Vorhaus, J., Carpentieri, J., Brooks, G., Akerman, R., & Harris, A.</p><p>(2011). Review of best practice in parental engagement. UK Department of Education.</p><p>United Kingdom. Retrieved from http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/45714/</p><p></p><p>Grace, R., Bowes, J., & Elcombe, E. (2014). Child participation and family</p><p>engagement with early childhood education and care services in disadvantaged Australian</p><p>communities. International Journal of Early Childhood, 46(2), 271 298.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-014-0112-y</p><p></p><p>Gl, I., & Aslan, D. (2016). The evaluation of school, family and community relations of teachers</p><p>in terms of their views. Journal of the Faculty of Education, 17(3), 203218.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.17392889</p><p></p><p>Hakyemez, S. (2015). Turkish early childhood educators on parental involvement. European </p><p> Educational Research Journal, 14(1), 100112.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904114565152</p><p></p><p>Hakyemez-paul, S., Pihlaja, P., & Silvennoinen, H. (2018). Factors affecting early</p><p>childhood educators views and practices of parental involvement. Journal of Early </p><p>Childhood Education Research, 7(1), 7699. Retrieved from http://jecer.org</p><p></p><p>Harcourt, D., & Einarsdottir, J. (2011). Introducing Childrens perspectives and</p><p>participation in research. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal,</p><p>19(3), 301307. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2011.597962</p><p></p><p>Harris, A., & Goodall, J. (2007). Engaging parents in raising achievement - Do they know they</p><p> matter? University of Warwick, (July), 193.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/0013188080230942</p><p></p><p>Heath, D., Maghrabi, R., & Carr, N. (2015). Implications of information and</p><p>communication technologies (ICT ) for school-home communication. Journal of Information Technology</p><p>Education: Research, 14, 363395. Retrieved from</p><p>http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol14/JITEv14ResearchP363-395Heath1876.pdf</p><p></p><p>Holliday, A. (2016). Doing & Writing Qualitative Research (3rd ed.). SAGE</p><p>Publication Inc.</p><p></p><p>Hornby, G., & Lafaele, R. (2011). Barriers to parental involvement in education: An explanatory </p><p> model. Educational Review, 63(1), 3752.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2010.488049</p><p></p><p>Hourani, R. B., Stringer, P., & Baker, F. (2012). Constraints and subsequent</p><p>limitations to parental involvement in primary schools in Abu Dhabi:</p><p>Stakeholders perspectives. School Community Journal, 22(2), 131160. Retrieved from</p><p>http://search.proquest.com/docview/1361845858?accountid=14609</p><p></p><p>Ismail, A., & Abdullah, A. G. K. (2013). Parents involvement in Malaysian</p><p>autonomous schools. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 3(3), 657 668. Retrieved</p><p>from http://www.aessweb.com/journal-detail.php?id=5007</p><p></p><p>Jabar, M. A. (2010). How do Japanese schools promote parental involvement? International</p><p>Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 2(1), 9198. https://doi.org/1309-8063</p><p></p><p>Jackson, M. (2010). Where are the parents: The parent s perspective of parental</p><p>involvement in education. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). George Washington University,</p><p>Washington, USA. Rerieved from https://doi.org/UMI 3397643</p><p></p><p>Janssen, J., & Vandenbroeck, M. (2018). (De)constructing parental involvement in early</p><p>childhood curricular frameworks. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 0(0),</p><p>120. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2018.1533703</p><p></p><p>Jeffries, K. (2012). Increasing parental involvement in early childhood education.</p><p>Scholars Commons. University of South Florida. Retrieved from</p><p>http://search.proquest.com/docview/1268509260?accountid=14902%5Cnhttp://li</p><p>b6.wsulibs.wsu.edu:8888/sfx_local?url_ver=Z39.88-</p><p>2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&genre=dissertations+&+th</p><p>eses&sid=ProQ:ProQuest+Dissertations+&+Theses+A&I&atitle=</p><p></p><p>Johnson, J., Gupta, J., Hagelskamp, C., & Hess, J. (2013). Ready, willing and able? Kansas city</p><p>parents talk about how to improve schools and what they can do to help. Kansas City. Retrieved</p><p>from http://www.publicagenda.org/pages/ready- willing-and-able</p><p></p><p>Kannapathi, K. L. (2012). The role of the school in promoting parental participation in education:</p><p>An investigation in a public primary school. (Unpublished masters thesis). University of</p><p>Kwa-Zulu-Natal (Edgewood), Durban, South Africa.</p><p></p><p>Kavanangh, L. (2013). A mixed methods investigation of parental involvement in Irish immersion</p><p>primary education: Integrating multiple perspectives. University College Dublin.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(12)00047-9</p><p></p><p>Keo, P. T. (2010). Cambodian family-school partnership: Toward an evolving theory. Journal of</p><p>Southeast Asian American Education & Advancement, 5(1). Retrieved from</p><p>http://jsaaea.coehd.utsa.edu/index.php/JSAAEA/article/viewArticle/67</p><p></p><p>Khodadady, E., & Zabihi, R. (2011). Social and cultural capital: Underlying factors and their</p><p>relationship with the school achievement of Iranian university students. International </p><p>Education Studies, 4(2), 6371.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v4n2p63</p><p></p><p>Kikas, E., Poikonen, P. L., Kontoniemi, M., Lyyra, A. L., Lerkkanen, M. K., & Niilo,</p><p>A. (2011). Mutual trust between kindergarten teachers and mothers and its associations</p><p>with family characteristics in Estonia and Finland. Scandinavian Journal of </p><p> Educational Research, 55(1), 2337.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2011.539852</p><p></p><p>Kikas, E., Tulviste, T., & Peets, K. (2014). Socialization values and parenting</p><p>practices as predictors of parental involvement in their childrens educational process. </p><p> Early Education and Development, 25(1), 118.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2013.780503</p><p></p><p>Kirkbride, R. (2014). They were a little family: An exploratory study of parental</p><p>involvement in nurture groups - from a practitioner and parent perspective. British </p><p> Journal of Special Education, 41(1), 82104.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12047</p><p></p><p>Kocyigit, S. (2015). Family involvement in preschool education: Rationale, problems and solutions</p><p>for the participants. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 15(1), 141157.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2015.1.2474</p><p></p><p>Kosaretskii, S., & Chernyshova, D. (2013). Electronic communication between the school </p><p>and the home. Russian Education and Society, 55(10), 8189.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.2753/RES1060-9393551006</p><p></p><p>Kraft, M. A., & Rogers, T. (2013). Teacher-to-Parent communication: Experimental evidence from</p><p> a low-cost communication policy. Retrieved from</p><p>http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED563011.pdf</p><p></p><p>Kristoffersson, M., Gu, L., & Zhang, Y. (2013). Home-school collaboration in Sweden </p><p>and China. US-China Education Review B, 3(3), 188201.</p><p>https://doi.org/2161-6248</p><p></p><p>Kurtulmus, Z. (2016). Analyzing parental involvement dimensions in early childhood education. </p><p>Educational Research and Reviews, 11(12), 11491153.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2016.2757</p><p></p><p>Lau, E. Y. H. (2016). A mixed-methods study of paternal involvement in Hong Kong. British </p><p>Educational Research Journal, 42(6), 10231040.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3248</p><p></p><p>Lazaros, E. J. (2016, September). Using email-based text messaging to effectively</p><p>communicate with parents and students. Professional Development, 2325. Retrieved from</p><p>www.techdirections.com</p><p></p><p>Lebopa, N. (2010). The significance of parental involvement in early childhood learner</p><p>development in Mafikeng rural school. (Unpublished masters thesis). North-West University,</p><p>Mahikeng, South Africa.</p><p></p><p>Majzub, R. M., & Salim, E. J. H. (2011). Parental involvement in selected private</p><p>preschools in Tangerang, Indonesia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 40334039.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.409</p><p></p><p>Malone, D. (2014). Culture: A potential challenge for parental involvement in schools. </p><p>The Delta Kappa Gamma: International Journal for Professional Educators, 1418.</p><p></p><p>Mapp, K. L., & Kuttner, P. J. (2013). Partners in education: A dual capacity-building framework </p><p>for familyschool partnerships. US Department of Education: Southwest Educational</p><p>Development Laboratory (SEDL).</p><p>Mathekga, S. S. (2016). Teachers perceptions of parental involvement in childrens education in</p><p>Rural Limpopo Province schools. (Unpublished masters thesis). University of South Africa,</p><p>Pretoria, South Africa.</p><p></p><p>McKenna, M. K., & Millen, J. (2013). Look! Listen! Learn! Parent narratives and</p><p>grounded theory models of parent voice, presence, and engagement in k-12 education. </p><p>School Community Journal, 23(1), 948. Retrieved from</p><p>http://search.proquest.com/docview/1373085427?accountid=14609</p><p></p><p>Meng, C. (2015). Home literacy environment and Head Start Childrens language</p><p>development: The role of approaches to learning. Early Education and Development,</p><p>26(1), 106124. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2015.957614</p><p></p><p>Mental Health in Schools Program and Policy Analysis. (2011). Enhancing home involvement</p><p>to address barriers to learning: A collaborative process. Retrieved from</p><p>http://smhp.psych.ucla.edu/pdfdocs/homeinv.pdf</p><p></p><p>Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Journal of</p><p> Chemical Information and Modeling (Vol. 53).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004</p><p></p><p>Monica, T. M. M. (2008). An empowerment approach to parental involvement in the primary school.</p><p> (Unpublished doctoral thesis). North-West University, Mahikeng, South Africa.</p><p></p><p>Mutch, C., & Collins, S. (2012). Partners in learning: Schools engagement with parents,</p><p>families, and communities in New Zealand. School Community Journal, 22(1), </p><p>167187. Retrieved from</p><p>http://search.proquest.com/docview/1037908179?accountid=14609</p><p></p><p>Mwai Kimu, A. (2012). Parent involvement in public primary schools in Kenya.</p><p>(Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.</p><p></p><p>Nagro, S. A. (2015). PROSE Checklist: Strategies for improving school-to-home written </p><p>communication. Teaching Exceptional Children, 47(5), 256263.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0040059915580031</p><p></p><p>Ng, S., & Yuen, W. K. G. (2015). The micro-politics of parental involvement in school</p><p>education in Hong Kong: Ethnocentrism, utilitarianism or policy rhetoric! Educational </p><p> Review, 67(2), 253271.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2013.868786</p><p></p><p>Nordin. (2012). Culturally Responsive Pre-school Education: Multicultural Malaysia on a small</p><p>scale. Glasglow, Scotland: Lambert Academic Publishing.</p><p></p><p>Nyatuka, B. O. (2016). Home-learning practices in Kenya : Views of Parents and Education</p><p>officers. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 2(2), 3943.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.522/2016.2.2/522.2.39.43</p><p></p><p>Ochoa, D., & Torre, B. (2014). Parenting in the Philippines: A review of the research literature</p><p>from 2004 to 2014. Terre de Hommes Germany.</p><p></p><p>Olmstead, C. (2013). Using technology to increase parent involvement in schools.</p><p>Tech Trends, 57(6), 2837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-013-0699-0</p><p></p><p>Orillosa, J. F. (2014). Home experiences that foster readiness for letter and sound</p><p>recognition: An Exploratory Study. In DLSU Research Congress (pp. 15).</p><p></p><p>Orillosa, J. F., & Magno, C. (2013). Parental involvement in childrens assessment in kindergarten.</p><p> Educational Measurement and Evaluation Review, 4, 4765. https://doi.org/2094-5876</p><p></p><p>Palts, K., & Kalmus, V. (2015). Digital channels in teacher-parent communication: The</p><p>case of Estonia. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and</p><p>Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 11(3), 6581.</p><p></p><p>Paren, R. (2015). Perception of stakeholders to Brigada Eskwela program. Kidapawan City, </p><p> Philippines. Retrieved from http://rimmon-</p><p>educationinthephilippines.blogspot.com/2015/08/perception-of-stakeholders-to- brigada.html</p><p></p><p>Perspectives. (2009). In Macmillan dictionary. Springer Nature Limited: Macmillan.</p><p>Retrieved from https://www.macmillandictionary.com/us</p><p></p><p>Peters, M. J. (2012). Parental involvement: How much is enough and what can schools do</p><p>to encourage it? (Unpublished masters thesis). William Paterson University, New Jersey,</p><p>USA.</p><p></p><p>Peters, M., Seeds, K., Goldstein, A., & Coleman, N. (2007). Parental Involvement in Childrens</p><p>Education 2007.</p><p></p><p>Peters, S., & Kelly, J. (2011). Exploring childrens perspectives: Multiple ways of</p><p>seeing and knowing the child. Waikato Journal of Education, 16(3), 1930.</p><p></p><p>Philippine Senate. (2010). An Act to Institute the National Commission on the Family and for </p><p> Other Purpose. Retrieved October 2, 2017, from</p><p>https://www.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/82566819!.pdf</p><p></p><p>Piper, T. (2012, September). Using school websites to support parent engagement.</p><p>Leadership, 3638. https://doi.org/0282-740</p><p></p><p>Poynton, J., Makela, C., & Haddad, D. (2014). Organizational training and</p><p>relationship building for increasing public participation in a public school district.</p><p>Administrative Issues Journal: Education, Practice, and Research, 4(1).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5929/2014.4.1.5</p><p></p><p>Puvenesvary, Rahim, Naidu, Badzis, Nayan, & Aziz. (2008). Qualitative research: Data</p><p>collection & data analysis. Universiti Utara Malaysia Press.</p><p></p><p>RaziaStanikzai. (2013). Parental involvement in childrens education. (Unpublished masters</p><p>thesis). Karlstads University, Karlstad, Sweden.</p><p></p><p>Rees, N., Chai, J., & Anthony, D. (2012). Right in principle and in practice: a review of the</p><p>social and economic returns to investing in children. Retrieved from</p><p>http://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/RIGHT_IN_PRINCIPLE_AND_IN_PR ACTICE.pdf</p><p></p><p>Regional Educational Laboratory. (2015). Building trusting relationship with families & community</p><p>through effective communication. U.S.A. https://doi.org/ED-IES- C-12-0010</p><p></p><p>Ross, R. R. (2012). Forms and patterns of parent participation at a Jewish and</p><p>Catholic school. Journal of Jewish Education, 78(1), 533.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/15244113.2011.648895</p><p></p><p>Rouse, E. (2012). Partnerships in early childhood education and care: Empowering parents</p><p>or empowering practitioners. Global Studies of Childhood, 2(1), 1425.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.2304/gsch.2012.2.1.14</p><p></p><p>Rungduin, T., & Reyes, Z. (2016). The Filipino learner : A socioemotional</p><p>perspective. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 5(4), 317.</p><p>https://doi.org/2243-7703</p><p></p><p>Sanderson, D. R. (2016). Were all in this together: The birth of a preschool parent discussion </p><p> group, (January/February), 5660. Retrieved from</p><p>www.ChildCareExchange.com</p><p></p><p>Santiago, R., Garbacz, A., Beattie, T., & Moore, C. (2016). Parent-teacher</p><p>relationships in elementary school: An examination of parent-teacher trust. Psychology in</p><p>Schools, 53(10), 10031017. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits</p><p></p><p>Sapungan, G. M., & Sapungan, R. M. (2014). Parental involvement in childs education:</p><p>Importance, barriers and benefits. Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education Vol.</p><p>3(2,) April 2014, 4248.</p><p></p><p>Selangan. (2015, October 10). The Reading Profile of Children in the Philippines.</p><p>Edutopia. Retrieved from http://www.edutopia.org/discussion/reading-profile-</p><p>children-philippines</p><p></p><p>Smith, J., Wohlstetter, P., Kuzin, C. A., & De Pedro, K. (2011). Parent involvement in Urban</p><p>Charter Schools: New strategies for increasing participation. The School Community Journal,</p><p>21(1), 7194. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n3p219</p><p></p><p>Smyth, C. (2017). Maximising advantage in the preschool years: Parents resources and </p><p>strategies. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 42(3), 6572.</p><p>https://doi.org/orcid.org/0000-0003-1991-5780 References</p><p></p><p>Stavrinides, P., & Nikiforou, M. (2013). Parenting: challenges, practices, and cultural infuences.</p><p>Nova Science. https://doi.org/978-1-62257-881-8</p><p></p><p>Sleyman, N. S., & Oguz, G. (2013). Primary school students parents level of</p><p>involvement into their childrens education. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice,</p><p>13(2), 10061011.</p><p></p><p>Tabbada-Rungduin, T., Abulon, E. L. R., Fetalvero, L. R., & Suatengco, R. T. (2014). Exploring </p><p>parental involvement and teachers activities in early literacy development.</p><p>International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 3(3), 3 19.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2014.696</p><p></p><p>Tam, V., & Chan, R. (2010). Hong Kong parents perceptions and experiences of</p><p>involvement in homework: A family capital and resource management perspective</p><p>parents perceptions and experiences of involvement in homework: A family capital and resource</p><p>management perspective. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Vol. 313.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-010-9202-7</p><p></p><p>Tang, H. N., Chong, W. H., Goh, W., Chan, W. P., & Choo, S. (2011). Evaluation of family-centred</p><p>practices in the early intervention programmes for infants and young children in</p><p>Singapore with measure of processes of care for service providers and measure of</p><p>beliefs about participation in family-centred service. Child: Care, Health </p><p> and Development, 38(1), 5460.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01259.x</p><p></p><p>Tatel-Suatengco, R., & Florida, J. (2018). Family literacy in a low-income urban</p><p>community in the Philippines. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 129.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798418766604</p><p></p><p>Tekin, A. K. (2011). Parent involvement revisited : Background , theories, and models.</p><p>International Journal for Applied Educational Studies, 11(1), 113.</p><p></p><p>The Hechinger Report. (2015, January 5). Study homework matters more in certain countries. </p><p> U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved from</p><p>https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2015/01/05/study-homework-matters- more-in-certain-countries</p><p></p><p>The National Campaign for Public School Improvement. (2014). Benefits & barriers to family</p><p>involvement in education. St. Louis, Missouri.</p><p></p><p>Timulak, L., & Creaner, M. (2013). Experiences of conducting qualitative meta- analysis.</p><p>Counselling Psychology Review, 28(4).</p><p></p><p>Tuason, M. T. (2010). The poor in the Philippines: Some insights from psychological research. </p><p>Psychology and Developing Societies, Vol. 22.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/097133361002200204</p><p></p><p>United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2011). World Data on Education,</p><p>Vol. 7. Retrieved from https://doi.org/IBE/2010/CP/WDE/TZ</p><p></p><p>United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2015). Education for all 2015</p><p>National Review. UNESCO, 167.</p><p></p><p>United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. (2016). Importance of investing </p><p> in children. Retrieved from</p><p>https://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/index_53294.html</p><p></p><p>Valli, L., Stefanski, A., & Jacobson, R. (2014). Typologizing schoolcommunity</p><p>partnerships: A framework for analysis and action. Urban Education.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085914549366</p><p></p><p>Vellymalay, S. K. N. (2011). A study of the relationship between Indian parents</p><p>education level and their involvement in their childrens education. Kajian Malaysia,</p><p>29(2), 4765. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12128</p><p></p><p>Vista, A. D., & Grantham, T. C. (2010). Effects of parental education level on fluid intelligence</p><p>of Philippine public school students. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 28(3), 236248.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282909344416</p><p></p><p>Westerman, J. A. (2012). A Comparison of Thai, Indian, Japanese, and American Parents</p><p>views toward parent involvement in international schools in Thailand. (Unpublished masters</p><p>thesis). Lehigh University, Pennsylvania, USA. Retrieved from</p><p>http://ezproxy.usherbrooke.ca/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx</p><p>?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-99151-100&site=ehost-live</p><p></p><p>Wong, P. L. (2012). Parents perspectives of the home-school interrelationship: A</p><p>study of two Hong Kong - Australian families. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood,</p><p>37(4), 5967.</p><p>Xaba, M. I. (2015). The empowerment approach to parental involvement in education.</p><p>Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, 6(2), 197208.</p><p></p><p>Yamauchi, L. A., Ponte, E., Ratliffe, K. T., & Traynor, K. (2017). Theoretical and</p><p>conceptual frameworks used in research on familyschool partnerships. School Community </p><p>Journal, 27(2), 934. Retrieved from</p><p>http://www.schoolcommunitynetwork.org/SCJ.aspx</p><p></p><p>Yin, R. K. (2003). Applications of Case Study Research (Second). United States of</p><p>America: SAGE Publication Inc.</p><p></p><p>Yolcu, H. (2013). Parents voluntary contributions to primary schools which are not directly</p><p>monetary. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, (50), 227246.</p><p></p><p>Youngblom, R. K., & Houlihan, D. (2015). Family involvement in the schools of Belize. </p><p> Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3(1), 16.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v3i1.601</p><p></p><p>Zhang, Q. (2015). Defining meaningfulness: Enabling preschoolers to get the most</p><p>out of parental involvement. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 40(4).</p><p></p> |