The development of a geometrical optics learning module (GOLeM) and its usability among physics matriculation students
<p>This study aimed to develop and determine the usability of Geometrical Optics</p><p>Learning Module (GOLeM) towards Physics Matriculation students. The GOLeM was</p><p>developed using ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement,...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | thesis |
| Language: | eng |
| Published: |
2021
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7683 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| id |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:7683 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
uketd_dc |
| institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
| collection |
UPSI Digital Repository |
| language |
eng |
| topic |
QC Physics |
| spellingShingle |
QC Physics Ummi Atiah Mohamad The development of a geometrical optics learning module (GOLeM) and its usability among physics matriculation students |
| description |
<p>This study aimed to develop and determine the usability of Geometrical Optics</p><p>Learning Module (GOLeM) towards Physics Matriculation students. The GOLeM was</p><p>developed using ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) model and</p><p>this module had been validated by seven experts. This research used a questionnaire</p><p>to evaluate the usability of the developed module. The research sample consisted of</p><p>186 students that was selected through cluster random sampling from an accessible</p><p>population of 359 Physics Module II students in Perak Matriculation College. The</p><p>research instrument was usability questionnaire that was used to measure the students</p><p>perceptions towards the usability of the module. The questionnaire was adapted based</p><p>on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The data were analysed using</p><p>descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency, mean, standard deviation and</p><p>independent t-test. The average mean score for five constructs (M=4.46; S.D.=0.39)</p><p>depicted that GOLeM was usable. Additionally, the average percentage of agreement</p><p>for all constructs was high (96.6%). The t-test analysis showed significant differences</p><p>between male and female students in the constructs of perceived usefulness (PU) (t</p><p>(184) = 2.48, p=0.014), behavioral intention (BI) (t (184) = 3.343, p=0.001) and selfefficacy</p><p>(SE) (t (184) = 3.061, p=0.002). In conclusion, the main finding of the study</p><p>showed that GOLeM is valid and has higher level of usability among Physics</p><p>Matriculation students especially for the topic of Geometrical Optics. The research</p><p>implication affects the field of module development at Matriculation level, encourage</p><p>Matriculation lecturers to be more proactive in producing similar modules for all</p><p>subjects. The use of smartphone technology and mobile applications in the other</p><p>module may also be improved and diversified.</p> |
| format |
thesis |
| qualification_name |
|
| qualification_level |
Master's degree |
| author |
Ummi Atiah Mohamad |
| author_facet |
Ummi Atiah Mohamad |
| author_sort |
Ummi Atiah Mohamad |
| title |
The development of a geometrical optics learning module (GOLeM) and its usability among physics matriculation students |
| title_short |
The development of a geometrical optics learning module (GOLeM) and its usability among physics matriculation students |
| title_full |
The development of a geometrical optics learning module (GOLeM) and its usability among physics matriculation students |
| title_fullStr |
The development of a geometrical optics learning module (GOLeM) and its usability among physics matriculation students |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The development of a geometrical optics learning module (GOLeM) and its usability among physics matriculation students |
| title_sort |
development of a geometrical optics learning module (golem) and its usability among physics matriculation students |
| granting_institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
| granting_department |
Fakulti Sains dan Matematik |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7683 |
| _version_ |
1776104529702420480 |
| spelling |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:76832022-11-10 The development of a geometrical optics learning module (GOLeM) and its usability among physics matriculation students 2021 Ummi Atiah Mohamad QC Physics <p>This study aimed to develop and determine the usability of Geometrical Optics</p><p>Learning Module (GOLeM) towards Physics Matriculation students. The GOLeM was</p><p>developed using ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) model and</p><p>this module had been validated by seven experts. This research used a questionnaire</p><p>to evaluate the usability of the developed module. The research sample consisted of</p><p>186 students that was selected through cluster random sampling from an accessible</p><p>population of 359 Physics Module II students in Perak Matriculation College. The</p><p>research instrument was usability questionnaire that was used to measure the students</p><p>perceptions towards the usability of the module. The questionnaire was adapted based</p><p>on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The data were analysed using</p><p>descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency, mean, standard deviation and</p><p>independent t-test. The average mean score for five constructs (M=4.46; S.D.=0.39)</p><p>depicted that GOLeM was usable. Additionally, the average percentage of agreement</p><p>for all constructs was high (96.6%). The t-test analysis showed significant differences</p><p>between male and female students in the constructs of perceived usefulness (PU) (t</p><p>(184) = 2.48, p=0.014), behavioral intention (BI) (t (184) = 3.343, p=0.001) and selfefficacy</p><p>(SE) (t (184) = 3.061, p=0.002). In conclusion, the main finding of the study</p><p>showed that GOLeM is valid and has higher level of usability among Physics</p><p>Matriculation students especially for the topic of Geometrical Optics. The research</p><p>implication affects the field of module development at Matriculation level, encourage</p><p>Matriculation lecturers to be more proactive in producing similar modules for all</p><p>subjects. The use of smartphone technology and mobile applications in the other</p><p>module may also be improved and diversified.</p> 2021 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7683 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=7683 text eng closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Sains dan Matematik <p>Abbasi, H. (2020). Physics Virtual Lab (version 1.0) [Mobile application software].</p><p>Retrieved from https : // play . google . com / store / apps / details?id = main .</p><p>physicvirtuallab&hl=en_US&gl=US</p><p></p><p>Abdul-Rahman, A., Chen, M., & Laidlaw, D. H. (2020). A survey of variables used in</p><p>empirical studies for visualization. In Foundations of Data Visualization (pp.</p><p>161-179). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34444-3_7</p><p></p><p>Abidin, N. A. S. Z., & Tho, S. W. (2018). The development of an innovative resonance</p><p>experiment using smartphones with free mobile software applications for</p><p>tertiary education. International Journal of Education and Development Using</p><p>Information and Communication Technology, 14(1), 164176.</p><p></p><p>Abdullah, S., & Majid, F. A. (2013). English language teaching challenges in Malaysia:</p><p>Polytechnic lecturers experience. World Applied Sciences Journal, 28(4), 540-</p><p>547.</p><p></p><p>Acheampong, P., Zhiwen, L., Hiran, K. K., Serwaa, O. E., Boateng, F., & Bediako, I.</p><p>A. (2018). Examining the intervening role of age and gender on mobile payment</p><p>acceptance in Ghana: UTAUT model. Canadian Journal of Applied Science and</p><p>Technology, 6(1), 141151.</p><p></p><p>Adhabi, E., & Anozie, C. B. (2017). Literature review for the type of interview in</p><p>qualitative research. International Journal of Education, 9(3), 86-97.</p><p></p><p>Akram, M. (2016). Constructivist Model to Encounter Language Misconceptions, Prior</p><p>Knowledge Over Generalizations and Visualization Errors in Electrochemistry</p><p>(Doctoral thesis, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Johor Bharu, Malaysia). Retrieved</p><p>from https://core.ac.uk/reader/199242530</p><p></p><p>Al-Azawei, A., Parslow, P., & Lundqvist, K. (2017). Investigating the effect of learning</p><p>styles in a blended e-learning system: An extension of the technology</p><p>acceptance model (TAM). Australasian Journal of Educational</p><p>Technology, 33(2). 1-23.</p><p></p><p>Ali, Z., & Muhammad, N. N. (2019). Gender Differences in Perceived Usefulness and</p><p>Attitudes Towards VocBlast in Learning Specialized Vocabulary.</p><p>In Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social</p><p>Sciences (RCSTSS 2016) (pp. 237-245). Springer, Singapore.</p><p></p><p>Ali, M., Ibrahim, N. H., Abdullah, A. H., Surif, J., & Saim, N. (2014). Physics problem</p><p>solving strategies and metacognitive skills: force and motion topics. In 2014</p><p>IEEE 6th Conference on Engineering Education (ICEED) (pp. 133-138).IEEE.</p><p></p><p>Alias, N., & Siraj, S. (2012). Design and Development of Physics Module Based on</p><p>Learning Style and Appropriate Technology by Employing Isman Instructional</p><p>Design Model. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-</p><p>TOJET, 11(4), 84-93.</p><p></p><p>Alias, N., DeWitt, D., Rahman, M. N. A., Gelamdin, R. B., Rauf, R. A. A., & Siraj, S.</p><p>(2014). Effectiveness of the Biology PTechLS Module in a Felda Science</p><p>Centre. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2(4), 3236.</p><p></p><p>Amin, A. K. (2017). Kajian Konseptual Model Pembelajaran Blended Learning</p><p>berbasis Web untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Motivasi Belajar. Jurnal</p><p>Pendidikan Edutama, 4(2), 51-64.</p><p></p><p>Amin, M., Rezaei, S., & Tavana, F. S. (2015). Gender differences and consumers</p><p>repurchase intention: the impact of trust propensity, usefulness and ease of use</p><p>for implication of innovative online retail. International Journal of Innovation</p><p>and Learning, 17(2), 217-233.</p><p></p><p>Arbin, N., Ghani, S. A., Sabri, S. R. M., Hamzah, F. M., Sufahani, S. F., & Razali, S.</p><p>N. A. M. (2015). Teaching higher level calculus to the postgraduate students</p><p>using a module-based cooperative learning strategy. International Journal of</p><p>Technical Research and Applications, 25, 26-29.</p><p></p><p>Ariffin, S. R., Katran, F. A., Badib, A. A. N., & Rashid, N. A. (2011). Validity and</p><p>reliability of the Malaysian creativity and innovation instrument (MyCrIn)</p><p>using the Rasch measurement model. In Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS</p><p>international conference on E-Activities (pp. 59-64). World Scientific and</p><p>Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS).</p><p></p><p>Arribas, E., Escobar, I., Suarez, C. P., Najera, A., & Belindez, A. (2015). Measurement</p><p>of the magnetic field of small magnets with a smartphone: A very economical</p><p>laboratory practice for introductory Physics courses. European Journal of</p><p>Physics, 36(6), 65002. https://doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/36/6/065002</p><p></p><p>Arslan, K. (2019). Attitude and perceptions of pedagogical formation physical</p><p>education students about web 2.0 tools and factors for successful adaptation of</p><p>these tools. European Journal of Education Studies, 6(6), 101-114.</p><p>doi:10.5281/zenodo.3435208</p><p></p><p>Assaker, G. (2020). Age and gender differences in online travel reviews and usergenerated-</p><p>content (UGC) adoption: extending the technology acceptance model</p><p>(TAM) with credibility theory. Journal of Hospitality Marketing &</p><p>Management, 29(4), 428-449.</p><p></p><p>Azimi, K., Ahmadigol, J., & Rastegarpour, H. (2015). A survey of the effectiveness of</p><p>instructional design ADDIE and multimedia on learning key skills of</p><p>futsal. Journal of. Educational and Management. Studies, 5(3), 180-186.</p><p></p><p>Baeten, M., Dochy, F., Struyven, K., Parmentier, E., & Vanderbruggen, A. (2016).</p><p>Student-centred learning environments: an investigation into student teachers</p><p>instructional preferences and approaches to learning. Learning Environments</p><p>Research, 19(1), 43-62.</p><p></p><p>Bahri, H., & Tengku Mahadi, T. S. (2016). The application of mobile devices in the</p><p>translation classroom. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 7(6), 237-</p><p>242. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.7n.6p.237</p><p></p><p>Bakar, N. S. A., Maat, S. M., & Rosli, R. (2020). Mathematics Teacher's Self-Efficacy</p><p>of Technology Integration and Technological Pedagogical Content</p><p>Knowledge. Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(2), 259-276.</p><p></p><p>Bakar, S. A., Salim, N. R., Ayub, A. F. M., & Gopal, K. (2021). Success Indicators of</p><p>Mathematical Problem-Solving Performance Among Malaysian Matriculation</p><p>Students. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational</p><p>Research, 20(3), 97-116.</p><p></p><p>Balakrishnan, V., & Gan, C. L. (2016). Students learning styles and their effects on</p><p>the use of social media technology for learning. Telematics and Informatics,</p><p>33(3), 808821.</p><p></p><p>Banditvilai, C. (2016). Enhancing students' language skills through blended</p><p>learning. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 14(3), 220-229.</p><p></p><p>Bandura, A. (2006a). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. Self-efficacy beliefs</p><p>of adolescents, 5(1), 307-337.</p><p></p><p>Bandura, A. (2006b). Toward a psychology of human agency. Perspectives on</p><p>psychological Science, 1(2), 164-180.</p><p></p><p>Banks, F., & Barlex, D. (2014). Teaching STEM in the secondary school: Helping</p><p>teachers meet the challenge. New York: Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Barreiro, P. L., & Albandoz, J. P. (2001). Population and sample. Sampling</p><p>techniques. Management mathematics for European schools, 1(1), 1-18.</p><p></p><p>Bazelais, P., & Doleck, T. (2018). Investigating the impact of blended learning on</p><p>academic performance in a first semester college physics course. Journal of</p><p>Computers in Education, 5(1), 67-94.</p><p></p><p>Bendall, S., Goldberg, F. et al. (1993). Prospective elementary teachers prior</p><p>knowledge about light. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 30(9), 1169-</p><p>1187. doi:10.1002/tea.3660300912.</p><p></p><p>Berliner, D. C. (2004). Expert teachers: Their characteristics, development and</p><p>accomplishments. Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 24(3), 200-212.</p><p></p><p>Best, J. W. (1997). Research in education. New Jersey:Prentice Hall</p><p></p><p>Bishop, W. A. (2019). The development of management accounting skills in situations</p><p>where practical exposure is limited: The perceptions of training officers in South</p><p>Africa. South African Journal of Higher Education, 33(4), 20-43.</p><p></p><p>Blizak, D., Chafiqi, F. et al. (2013). What thinks the universitys students about</p><p>propagation of light in the vacuum? European Scientific Journal. 9(24), 197-</p><p>213.</p><p></p><p>Bolliger, D. U., & Wasilik, O. (2009). Factors influencing faculty satisfaction with</p><p>online teaching and learning in higher education. Distance education, 30(1),</p><p>103-116.</p><p></p><p>Bovill, C. (2018). Lectures and Legoland: Recapturing the excitement of</p><p>learning. Dansk Universitetspdagogisk Tidsskrift, 13(24), 1-4.</p><p></p><p>Brame, C. (2016). Active learning. Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching.</p><p>Retrieved from https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/active-learning/.</p><p></p><p>Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach. London: Springer</p><p>Science.</p><p></p><p>Branch, R. M., & Kopcha, T. J. (2014). Instructional design models. In Handbook of</p><p>research on educational communications and technology (pp. 77-87). New</p><p>York, NY, Springer.</p><p></p><p>Branson, R. K., Rayner, G. T., Cox, J. L., Furman, J. P., & King, F. J.</p><p>(1975). Interservice procedures for instructional systems development.</p><p>executive summary and model. Florida State Univ Tallahassee Center For</p><p>Educational Technology.</p><p></p><p>Breiner, J. M., Harkness, S. S., Johnson, C. C., & Koehler, C. M. (2012). What Is</p><p>STEM? A Discussion About Conceptions of STEM in Education and</p><p>Partnerships. School Science and Mathematics, 112(1), 311.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2011.00109.x</p><p></p><p>Briz-Ponce, L., Pereira, A., Carvalho, L., Juanes-Mndez, J. A., & Garca-Pealvo, F.</p><p>J. (2017). Learning with mobile technologies Students behavior. Computers</p><p>in Human Behavior, 72, 612620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.027</p><p></p><p>Brophy, S., Klein, S., Portsmore, M., & Rogers, C. (2008). Advancing engineering</p><p>education in P12 classrooms. Journal of Engineering Education, 97(3), 369-</p><p>387.</p><p></p><p>Bruner, J. S. (1966). Toward a theory of instruction (Vol. 59). London: Harvard</p><p>University Press.</p><p></p><p>Buabeng-Andoh, C. (2018). New technology in health education: Nursing students'</p><p>application of mobile technology in the classroom in Ghana. Interactive</p><p>Technology and Smart Education, 15(1), 46-58.</p><p></p><p>Burhan, N. M., Tamuri, A. H., & Nordin, N. M. (2017). Penerimaan modul</p><p>pembelajaran digital berasaskan strategi blended learning (e-CITAC) dalam</p><p>kursus TITAS. O-JIE: Online Journal of Islamic Education, 4(1), 1-16.</p><p></p><p>Burton, J. K., Moore, D. M. (M.), & Magliaro, S. G. (2004). Behaviourism and</p><p>Instructional Technology. In D. H. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of research on</p><p>educational communications and technology (p. 336). Lawrence Erlbaum</p><p>Associates Publishers.</p><p></p><p>Camarao, M. K. G., & Nava, F. J. G. (2017, November). High school students</p><p>difficulties in Physics. In A paper presented at the National Conference on</p><p>Research in Teacher Education (NCRTE), Quezon City, The Philippines.</p><p></p><p>Campbell, P. C. (2014). Modifying ADDIE: Incorporating new technologies in library</p><p>instruction. Public Services Quarterly, 10(2), 138-149.</p><p></p><p>Carolin, B., Sahala, S., & Mursyid, S. (2016): Remediasi Miskonsepsi Pembentukan</p><p>Bayangan pada Cermin Menggunakan Picture And Picture Berbantuan (Gnt) di</p><p>SMA. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa, 5(12).</p><p></p><p>Cavanagh, M. (2011). Students experiences of active engagement through cooperative</p><p>learning activities in lectures. Active learning in higher education, 12(1), 23-33.</p><p></p><p>Chamberlain, S. A., Duggleby, W., Teaster, P., & Estabrooks, C. (2020).</p><p>Characteristics and unmet care needs of unbefriended residents in long-term</p><p>care: a qualitative interview study. Aging & Mental Health, 24(4), 659-667.</p><p></p><p>Chen, C. C., Lin, H. S., & Lin, M. L. (2002). Developing a two-tier diagnostic</p><p>instrument to assess high school students' understanding-the formation of</p><p>images by a plane mirror. Proceedings-National Science Council Republic of</p><p>China Part D Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 12(3), 106-121.</p><p></p><p>Chen, L. L. (2016). A model for effective online instructional design. Literacy</p><p>Information and Computer Education Journal, 6(2), 2303-2308.</p><p></p><p>Cheng, L. H. (2020). Penggunaan modul Smar-Flip ke arah meningkatkan kemahiran</p><p>pelajar menyelesaikan masalah algebra dan statistik. Jurnal Penyelidikan</p><p>Dedikasi, 17, 18-36.</p><p></p><p>Chiu, A., Price, C. A., & Ovrahim, E. (2015). Supporting elementary and middle school</p><p>STEM education at the whole school level: A review of the literature. In NARST</p><p>2015 Annual Conference, Chicago, IL.</p><p></p><p>Christidou, V. (2006). Greek students Science-related interests and experiences:</p><p>Gender differences and correlations. International Journal of Science</p><p>Education, 28 (10), 1181-1199.</p><p></p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2006). Asas statistik penyelidikan buku 2. Malaysia: Mc Graw Hill</p><p>Education.</p><p></p><p>Cohen, S. M., Jacobson, B. H., Garrett, C. G., Noordzij, J. P., Stewart, M. G., Attia, A.,</p><p>... & Cleveland, T. F. (2007). Creation and validation of the singing voice</p><p>handicap index. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 116(6), 402-</p><p>406.</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2009). Mapping the field of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed</p><p>Methods Research 2009, 3(2), 95-108. doi: 10.1177/1558689808330883</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating</p><p>Quantitative and Qualitative Research, 4th. University of Nebraska: Pearson.</p><p></p><p>Cridland, E. K., Jones, S. C., Caputi, P. & Magee, C. A. (2015). Qualitative research</p><p>with families living with autism spectrum disorder: recommendations for</p><p>conducting semi structured interviews. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental</p><p>Disability, 40(1), 78-91. doi:10.3109/13668250.2014.964191</p><p></p><p>Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of</p><p>tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334.</p><p></p><p>Curriculum Development Division (CDD). (2012). Integrated Curriculum for</p><p>Secondary School. Putrajaya: Ministry of Education Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Curriculum Development Division (CDD). (2016). Implementation Guide for Science,</p><p>Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in Teaching and Learning.</p><p>Putrajaya: Ministry of Education Malaysia. Retrieved from:</p><p>http://bpk.moe.gov.my/</p><p></p><p>Curriculum Development Division (CDD). (2018). KSSM Dokumen Standard</p><p>Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran Fizik Tingkatan 4 &5. Putrajaya: Ministry of</p><p>Education Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Daniels, H. (2016). Vygotsky and pedagogy. New York: Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Davis, F.D. (1986). A technology acceptance model for empirically testing new enduser</p><p>information systems: Theory and results (Doctoral dissertation,</p><p>Massachusetts Institute of Technology).</p><p></p><p>Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance</p><p>of information technology. Management Information System Quarterly, (13)3,</p><p>319-340.</p><p></p><p>Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer</p><p>technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science,</p><p>35(8), 9821003.</p><p></p><p>Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of</p><p>experts. Applied nursing research, 5(4), 194-197.</p><p></p><p>Darmaji, D., Kurniawan, D. A., Astalini, A., Kurniawan, W., Anwar, K., &</p><p>Lumbantoruan, A. (2019). Students' Perceptions of Electronic's Module in</p><p>Physics Practicum. Journal of Education and Learning, 13(2), 288-294.</p><p></p><p>Darussalam, G., & Hussin, S. (2016). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam</p><p>pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.</p><p></p><p>Dhamija, N., Kanchan, M., & Education, M. M. C. (2014). Effectiveness of self</p><p>learning modules on the achievement and retention of undergraduate students</p><p>in commerce. Educationia Confab, 3(2), 26-32.</p><p></p><p>Dedes, C., and K. Ravanis. 2009. Teaching image formation by extended light sources:</p><p>The use of a model derived from the history of Science. Research in Science</p><p>Education, 39, 5773.</p><p></p><p>Dennen, V. P., & Hao, S. (2014). Intentionally mobile pedagogy: The M-COPE</p><p>framework for mobile learning in higher education. Technology, Pedagogy and</p><p>Education, 23(3), 397419. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2014.943278</p><p></p><p>DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale development: Theory and applications (Vol. 26). London:</p><p>Sage publications.</p><p></p><p>Diani, R., Kesuma, G. C., Diana, N., Anggraini, R. D., & Fujiani, D. (2019). The</p><p>development of Physics module with the scientific approach based on islamic</p><p>literacy. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1155(1), 012034.</p><p></p><p>Dick, W., & Reiser, R. A. (1989). Planning effective instruction. United States: Prentice</p><p>Hall.</p><p></p><p>Donnelly, J., Magnani, N., & Robinson, K. (2016). Dumpster Optics: teaching and</p><p>learning optics without a kit. Optics Education and Outreach IV, 9946, 99460G.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238930</p><p></p><p>Drost, E. A. (2011). Validity and reliability in social Science research. Education</p><p>Research and perspectives, 38(1), 105.</p><p></p><p>Dumpit, D. Z., & Fernandez, C. J. (2017). Analysis of the use of social media in Higher</p><p>Education Institutions (HEIs) using the Technology Acceptance</p><p>Model. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher</p><p>Education, 14(1), 2-16.</p><p></p><p>Du Plessis, A. (2016). Student-teachers' pedagogical beliefs: Learner-centred or</p><p>teacher-centred when using ICT in the Science classroom?. Journal of Baltic</p><p>Science Education, 15(2). 140-158.</p><p></p><p>Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D. (2013). Educational psychology: Windows on classrooms</p><p>(9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.</p><p></p><p>El Kah, A., & Lakhouaja, A. (2018). Developing effective educative games for Arabic</p><p>children primarily dyslexics. Education and Information Technologies, 23(6),</p><p>2911-2930.</p><p></p><p>Etikan, I. Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling</p><p>and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied</p><p>Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11</p><p></p><p>Erfan, M., Maulyda, M. A., Gunawan, G., Sari, N., & Ratu, T. (2020). Enhancing</p><p>students ability in analyzing image formation on lens and mirror using Ray</p><p>Optics. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1471(1), 012061.</p><p></p><p>Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2013). Behaviourism, cognitivism, constructivism:</p><p>Comparing critical features from an instructional design</p><p>perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 26(2), 43-71.</p><p></p><p>Evans, C., & Lewis, J. (2018). Analysing semi-structured interviews using thematic</p><p>analysis: exploring voluntary civic participation among adults. SAGE</p><p>Publications Limited.</p><p></p><p>Falk, J. H., & Dierking, L. D. (2018). Learning from museums. London: Rowman &</p><p>Littlefield.</p><p></p><p>Faryadi, Q. (2007). Instructional Design Models: What a Revolution!. Online</p><p>Submission. Electrochemistry (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, Universiti</p><p>Teknologi MARA, Malaysia). (ED495711) Retrieved from</p><p>https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED495711.pdf</p><p></p><p>Fatmawati, E. (2015). Technology Acceptance model (TAM) untuk menganalisis</p><p>penerimaan terhadap sistem informasi di perpustakaan. Jurnal Ilmu</p><p>Perpustakaan dan Informasi (e-Journal), 9(1), 1-13.</p><p></p><p>Favale, F., & Bondani, M. (2013). Misconceptions about optics: An effect of</p><p>misleading explanations?. In Education and Training in Optics and</p><p>Photonics (p. EThI4). Optical Society of America.</p><p></p><p>Forehand, M. (2010). Blooms taxonomy. Emerging perspectives on learning,</p><p>teaching, and technology, 41(4), 47-56.</p><p></p><p>Fraenkel, J. L., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate</p><p>research in education eighth edition. New York: Mc Graw Hill.</p><p></p><p>Gagne, R. M., & Dick, W. (1983). Instructional psychology. Annual review of</p><p>psychology, 34(1), 261-295.</p><p></p><p>Galili, I., & Hazan, A. (2000). Learners' knowledge in optics: interpretation, structure</p><p>and analysis. International Journal of Science Education, 22(1), 57-88.</p><p></p><p>Garzn, I., De Cock, M., Zuza, K., van Kampen, P., & Guisasola, J. (2014). Probing</p><p>university students understanding of electromotive force in electricity.</p><p>American Journal of Physics, 82(1), 7279. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.4833637</p><p></p><p>Ghani, S. A., & Saad, N. S. (2012). Development of Mathematics Teaching and</p><p>Learning Model Based on Metacognitive. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan</p><p>Matematik Malaysia, 2(1), 23-37.</p><p></p><p>Ghazali, D., & Sufean, H. (2016). Research Methodology in Education. Kuala Lumpur:</p><p>University of Malaya Publisher.</p><p></p><p>Gibbons, A. S., Boling, E., & Smith, K. M. (2014). Instructional design models.</p><p>In Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp.</p><p>607-615). New York, NY. Springer.</p><p></p><p>Gikas, J., & Grant, M. M. (2013). Mobile computing devices in higher education:</p><p>Student perspectives on learning with cellphones, smartphones & social media.</p><p>Internet and Higher Education, 19, 1826.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.06.002</p><p></p><p>Gilbert, G. E., & Prion, S. (2016). Making sense of methods and measurement:</p><p>Lawshe's Content Validity Index. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 12(12), 530-</p><p>531.</p><p></p><p>Gksu, I., zcan, K. V., akir, R., & Gktas, Y. (2017). Content Analysis of Research</p><p>Trends in Instructional Design Models: 1999-2014. Journal of Learning</p><p>Design, 10(2), 85-109.</p><p></p><p>Gordon, J., & Zemke, R. (2000). The attack on ISD. Training, 37(4), 42-45.</p><p></p><p>Graham, C. R. (2006). Blended learning systems. The handbook of blended learning:</p><p>Global perspectives, local designs, 1, 3-21.</p><p></p><p>Grigorovitch, A. (2014). Childrens misconceptions and conceptual change in Physics</p><p>Education: the concept of light. Journal: Journal of Advance in Natural</p><p>Sciences, 1 (1).</p><p></p><p>Gustinasari, M., Lufri, L., & Ardi, A. (2017). Development of Module Learning Based</p><p>on Concept with Exampel on Cell Material for Students SMA. Bioeducation</p><p>Journal, 1(1), 61-74.</p><p></p><p>Hakim, C. (2000). Research Design: Successful designs in social and economic</p><p>research. Abingdon: Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Halim, L., Rahman, N. A., Ramli, N. A. M., & Mohtar, L. E. (2018). Influence of</p><p>students STEM self-efficacy on STEM and Physics career choice. In AIP</p><p>Conference Proceedings 1923(1), 020001. AIP Publishing LLC.</p><p></p><p>Handayani, S. L. (2018). Perbandingan Miskonsepsi Mahasiswa PGSD UHAMKA</p><p>Materi Optik Geometri. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 5(1), 44-56.</p><p></p><p>Handeland, T. (2018). Choice Intervention in an American Indian/Alaska Native Head</p><p>Start Program (Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University Global).</p><p></p><p>Hannum, E. (2005). Market transition, educational disparities, and family strategies in</p><p>rural China: New evidence on gender stratification and</p><p>development. Demography, 42(2), 275-299.</p><p></p><p>Harchay, A., Cheniti-Belcadhi, L., & Braham, R. (2017). MobiSWAP: Personalized</p><p>mobile assessment tool based on semantic web and web Services. In 2017</p><p>IEEE/ACS 14th International Conference on Computer Systems and</p><p>Applications (AICCSA) (pp. 1406-1413). IEEE.</p><p></p><p>Harwell, M. R.& Gatti, G. G. (2001). Rescaling ordinal data to interval data in</p><p>educational research. Review of Educational Research, 71(1), 105</p><p>131. doi:10.3102/00346543071001105</p><p></p><p>Hashim, S. R. (2017). Pembangunan dan keberkesanan modul pengajaran dan</p><p>pembelajaran tajuk jatuh bebas dan gerakan luncuran dan keberkesanannya</p><p>terhadap pencapaian pelajar (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Pendidikan</p><p>Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia). Retrieved from</p><p>http://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/jd/article/view/10462</p><p></p><p>Havice, W., Havice, P., Waugaman, C., & Walker, K. (2018). Evaluating the</p><p>effectiveness of integrative STEM education: Teacher and administrator</p><p>professional development. Journal of Technology Education, 29(2), 73-90.</p><p></p><p>Healey, A., Knapp, M., Astin, J., Beecham, J., Kemp, R., Anthony, D., & Kirov, G.</p><p>(1998). Cost-effectiveness evaluation of compliance therapy for people with</p><p>psychosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 172(5), 420-424.</p><p></p><p>Heinich, R., Molenda, M., & Russell, J. D. Smaldino (1996). Instructional media and</p><p>technologies for learning. United States. Prentice-Hall.</p><p></p><p>Henderson, R., Stewart, G., Stewart, J., Michaluk, L., & Traxler, A. (2017). Exploring</p><p>the gender gap in the conceptual survey of electricity and magnetism. Physical</p><p>Review Physics Education Research, 13(2), 020114.</p><p></p><p>Hochberg, K., Grber, S., Kuhn, J., & Mller, A. (2014). The spinning disc: Studying</p><p>radial acceleration and its damping process with smartphone acceleration</p><p>sensors. Physics Education, 49(2), 137140. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-</p><p>9120/49/2/137</p><p></p><p>Hoeling, B. M. (2012). Interactive online optics modules for the college Physics</p><p>course. American Journal of Physics, 80(4), 334-338.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3677652</p><p></p><p>Hom, S. N. H., & Talib, C. A. (2020). Integration of computational thinking skills in</p><p>teaching and learning programming using the EZ-Prog among matriculation</p><p>student. Solid State Technology, 63(1s), 670-679.</p><p></p><p>Hubber, P. 2006. Year 12 students mental models of the nature of light. Research in</p><p>Science Education, 36, 419439.</p><p></p><p>Hussin, Z., Siraj, S., Darusalam, G., & Salleh, N. H. M. (2017). Kajian Model Blended</p><p>Learning dalam Jurnal Terpilih: Satu Analisa Kandungan. JuKu: Jurnal</p><p>Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 3(1), 1-6.</p><p></p><p>Hung, L. J., Abdullah, F. A. P., & Bunyamin, M. A. H. (2013). Aplikasi konsep fizik</p><p>dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang berasaskan stem bagi pelajar tingkatan</p><p>enam atas. In 2nd International Seminar on Quality and Affordable</p><p>Education (pp. 470-481).</p><p></p><p>Idris, N. (2005). Pedagogi Dalam Pendidikan Matematik. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan</p><p>Publication & Distributors Sdn Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Imenda, S. (2014). Is there a conceptual difference between theoretical and conceptual</p><p>frameworks?. Journal of Social Sciences, 38(2), 185-195.</p><p></p><p>International Standards Organization. 1994. Ergonomic requirements for office work</p><p>with visual display terminals. Part 11: Guidance on usability (ISO DIS 9241-</p><p>11). London: International Standards Organization</p><p></p><p>Irwansyah, F. S., Lubab, I., Ramdhani, I. F. M. A., & Farida, I. (2017). Designing</p><p>interactive electronic module in chemistry lessons. Journal of Physics:</p><p>Conference Series, 895(1), 1-7. doi :10.1088/1742-6596/895/1/012009</p><p></p><p>Isaac, S., & Michael, W. B. (1995). Handbook in research and evaluation. San Diego,</p><p>CA:Educational and Industrial Testing Services.</p><p></p><p>Ishak, N. A., Jamil, H., & Razak, N. A. (2016). Malaysian Pre-University Students'</p><p>Level Of Intellectual Quality. GSTF Journal on Education (JEd), 3(2).</p><p></p><p>Ismail, A. B., Sawang, S., & Zolin, R. (2018). Entrepreneurship education pedagogy:</p><p>teacher-student-centred paradox. Education+ Training, 60(2), 168-184.</p><p></p><p>Jackson, S. L. (2014). Research methods: A modular approach. Belmont, CA: Cengage</p><p>Learning.</p><p></p><p>Jeng, J. (2005). Usability assessment of academic digital libraries: effectiveness,</p><p>efficiency, satisfaction, and learnability. Libri (Copenhagen), 55(2-3), 96-121.</p><p>doi.org/10.1515/LIBR.2005.96</p><p></p><p>Johanson, G. A., & Brooks, G. P. (2010). Initial scale development: sample size for</p><p>pilot studies. Educational and psychological measurement, 70(3), 394-400.</p><p></p><p>Joo, Y. J., Park, S., & Lim, E. (2018). Factors influencing preservice teachers intention</p><p>to use technology: TPACK, teacher self-efficacy, and technology acceptance</p><p>model. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(3), 48-59.</p><p></p><p>Juvova, A., Chudy, S., Neumeister, P., Plischke, J., & Kvintova, J. (2015). Reflection</p><p>of Constructivist Theories in Current Educational Practice. Universal Journal</p><p>of Educational Research, 3(5), 345349.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2015.030506</p><p></p><p>Kallio, H., Pietil, A. M., Johnson, M., & Kangasniemi, M. (2016). Systematic</p><p>methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semistructured</p><p>interview guide. Journal of advanced nursing, 72(12), 2954-2965.</p><p></p><p>Kaltakci-Gurel, D. (2018). Development Of An Optics Interest And Experience Scale</p><p>(Oies) And Exploring Gender Differences In Prospective Teachers Interest</p><p>And Experience. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 17(6), 935.</p><p></p><p>Kaltakci-Gurel, D., Eryilmaz, A., & McDermott, L. C. (2016). Identifying pre-service</p><p>Physics teachers misconceptions and conceptual difficulties about Geometrical</p><p>Optics. European Journal of Physics, 37(4), 045705.</p><p></p><p>Kaltakci-Gurel, D., Eryilmaz, A., & McDermott, L. C. (2017). Development and</p><p>application of a four-tier test to assess pre-service Physics teachers</p><p>misconceptions about Geometrical Optics. Research In Science &</p><p>Technological Education, 35(2), 238-260.</p><p></p><p>Kantar, M., & Doan, M. (2015). Development of mobile learning material for 9th</p><p>grade Physics course to use in FATIH Project: Force and Motion Unit.</p><p>Participatory Educational Research, spi15(2), 99109.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.17275/per.15.spi.2.12</p><p></p><p>Kasim, N. H., & Ahmad, C. N. C. (2018). PRO-STEM module: The development and</p><p>validation. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social</p><p>Sciences, 8(1), 728-739.</p><p></p><p>Kearney, M., Schuck, S., Burden, K., & Aubusson, P. (2012). Viewing mobile learning</p><p>from a pedagogical perspective. Research in Learning Technology, 20(1),117.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v20i0.14406</p><p></p><p>Kennedy, T. J., & Odell, M. R. L. L. (2014). Engaging Students In STEM Education.</p><p>Science Education International, 25(3), 246258.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.21061/jte.v27i2.a.1</p><p></p><p>Kim, A. K., & Davies, J. (2014). A teachers perspective on student centred learning:</p><p>Towards the development of best practice in an undergraduate tourism course.</p><p>Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 14(1), 614.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2013.12.001</p><p></p><p>Kim, H. (2015). Effects of Science and Engineering Practices on Science Achievement</p><p>and Attitudes of Diverse Students including ELLs. NABE Journal of Research</p><p>and Practice, 6(1), 231-253. doi: 10.1080/26390043.2015.12067789</p><p></p><p>Kim, H., & Yoon, M. (2014). Adopting smartphone-based blended learning: An</p><p>Experimental study of the implementation of Kakao-Talk and</p><p>Mocafe. Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning, 17(2), 86-111</p><p></p><p>Kiong, T. T., Azman, M. N. A., Yunos, J. M., Heong, Y. M., Mohamad, M. M.,</p><p>Mohamad, B., & Othman, W. (2013). The development and evaluation of the</p><p>qualities of thinking skills module. Journal of Technical Education and</p><p>Training, 5(1), 52-67.</p><p></p><p>Kolb, D. A. (2014). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and</p><p>development. New Jersey, FT press.</p><p></p><p>Konting, M., M. (2010). Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan, edisi ke 8. Kuala Lumpur:</p><p>Dewan bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p></p><p>Kse, U. (2010). A blended learning model supported with Web 2.0</p><p>technologies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 2794-2802.</p><p></p><p>Krapp, A., & Prenzel, M. (2011). Research in interest in Science: Theories, methods</p><p>and findings. International Journal of Science Education, 33 (1), 27-50.</p><p></p><p>Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research</p><p>activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610.</p><p></p><p>Kristanto, A., Mustaji, Mariono, A., Sulistiowati, & Nuryati, D. W. (2018). Developing</p><p>media module proposed to editor in editorial division. Journal of Physics:</p><p>Conference Series, 947(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/947/1/012054</p><p></p><p>Kristiawan, Y. (2015). Computer-based instructional materials integrative analysis</p><p>capabilities to improve students in geometric optics and optical</p><p>equipment. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains, 2(4), 230-237.</p><p></p><p>Ku, Y. C., Hu, P. C., Wang, G. Y., & Peng, C. H. (2018). Analysis of the Key Factors</p><p>of BYOD for Learning. In Pacific Asia Conference on Information System 2018</p><p>Proceedings (p. 284). https://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2018/284</p><p></p><p>Kwok, D., & Yang, S. (2017). Evaluating the intention to use ICT collaborative tools</p><p>in a social constructivist environment. International Journal of Educational</p><p>Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), 2-14.</p><p></p><p>Labov, J. B., Reid, A. H., & Yamamoto, K. R. (2010). Integrated biology and</p><p>undergraduate Science education: a new biology education for the twenty-first</p><p>century?. CBELife Sciences Education, 9(1), 10-16.</p><p></p><p>Lawson, B., & Dorst, K. (2013). Design expertise. New York, NY: Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Lavonen, J., Byman, R., Juuti, K., Meisalo, V., & Uitto, A. (2005). Pupil interest in</p><p>Physics: A survey in Finland. NorDiNa, Nordic Studies in Science Education,</p><p>2, 72-85.</p><p></p><p>Lederman, N. G., & Abell, S. K. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of research on Science</p><p>education, volume II (Vol. 2). New York, NY: Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Li, K. M. (2015). Learning styles and perceptions of student teachers of computersupported</p><p>collaborative learning strategy using wikis. Australasian Journal of</p><p>Educational Technology, 31(1), 3250.</p><p></p><p>Li, C., & Zhou, T. (2017). A questionnaire-based study on Chinese university students'</p><p>demotivation to learn English. English Language Teaching, 10(3), 128-135.</p><p></p><p>Lian, J. W., & Yen, D. C. (2014). Online shopping drivers and barriers for older adults:</p><p>Age and gender differences. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 133-143.</p><p></p><p>Ling, W. S. Y., Lee, T. T., & Tho, S. W. (2017). A technological acceptance of remote</p><p>laboratory in chemistry education. In Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning</p><p>and Teaching ,18(2), 1-20.</p><p></p><p>Lohr, L. (1998). Using ADDIE to design a web-based training interface. In Society for</p><p>Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp.</p><p>452-455). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education</p><p>(AACE).</p><p></p><p>Lok, W. F., & Yau, P. W. (2020). A case study of direct assessment of students</p><p>manipulative skills in chemistry practical: Perspective of lecturers. Asian</p><p>Journal of Assessment in Teaching and Learning, 10(2), 10-17.</p><p></p><p>Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing</p><p>research. 35(6), 382385. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198611000-</p><p>00017</p><p></p><p>Magliaro, S. G., & Shambaugh, N. (2006). Student models of instructional</p><p>design. Educational Technology Research and Development, 54(1), 83-106.</p><p></p><p>Magnani, N., & Donnelly, J. (2015, June). Teaching reflection to teachers and students.</p><p>In Education and Training in Optics and Photonics (p. ETM08). Optical</p><p>Society of America. 9793, 17. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223185</p><p></p><p>Mandari, H. E., & Chong, Y. L. (2018). Gender and age differences in rural farmers</p><p>intention to use m-government services. Government: An International Journal,</p><p>14(3), 217237. doi:10.1504/ EG.2018.093406</p><p></p><p>Maranguni, N., & Grani, A. (2015). Technology acceptance model: A literature</p><p>review from 1986 to 2013. Universal Access in the Information Society, 14(1),</p><p>8195. doi:10.1007/s10209-014-0348-1</p><p></p><p>Mastuang, M., Misbah, M., Yahya, A., & Mahtari, S. (2019). Developing the Physics</p><p>module containing Quranic verses to train the local wisdom character. Journal</p><p>of Physics: IOP Conference Series, 1171(1), 1-7</p><p></p><p>Mathew Myers, M. J., & Halpin, R. (2002). Teachers attitudes and use of multimedia</p><p>technology in the classroom: Constructivist-based professional development</p><p>training for school districts. Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 18(4),</p><p>133-140.</p><p></p><p>Matore, M. E. E. M., Khairani, A. Z., & Razak, N. A. (2015). The influence of AQ on</p><p>the academic achievement among malaysian polytechnic</p><p>students. International Education Studies, 8(6), 69-74.</p><p></p><p>Matriculation Division. (2019). Bahagian Matrikulasi. Putrajaya: Ministry of</p><p>Education Malaysia. Retrieved from: http://moe.gov.my/</p><p></p><p>Matud, M. P., Rodrguez, C., & Grande, J. (2007). Gender differences in creative</p><p>thinking. Personality and individual differences, 43(5), 1137-1147.</p><p></p><p>Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach: An</p><p>Interactive Approach. United States: SAGE publications.</p><p></p><p>May, A. (2018). Instructional Design Models: Comparing ADDIE, Bloom, Gagne, &</p><p>Merrill. Retrieved from https://www.dashe.com/blog/instructional-designmodels-</p><p>comparing-addie-bloom-gagne-merrill</p><p></p><p>McCrea, B. (2015). 9 IT best practices for BYOD districts: Districts with successful</p><p>bring your own device programs share their key strategies for rolling out and</p><p>managing student-owned devices in school. The Journal (Technological</p><p>Horizons in Education, 42(1), 26</p><p></p><p>McGriff, S. J. (2000). Instructional system design (ISD): Using the ADDIE</p><p>model. Retrieved June, 10 (2003), 513-553. from</p><p>https://www.lib.purdue.edu/sites/default/files/directory/butler38/ADDIE.pdf</p><p></p><p>McCutcheon, K., Lohan, M., Traynor, M., & Martin, D. (2015). A systematic review</p><p>evaluating the impact of online or blended learning vs. facetoface learning of</p><p>clinical skills in undergraduate nurse education. Journal of advanced</p><p>nursing, 71(2), 255-270.</p><p></p><p>Milton, K. (2002). Introduction to Geometrical Optics. World Scientific.</p><p></p><p>Ministry of Education. (MOE). (2012). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025:</p><p>Preliminary Report Executive Summary. Putrajaya: Ministry of Education</p><p>Malaysia. https://www.moe.gov.my/menumedia/media-cetak/penerbitan/1813-</p><p>pppm-2013-2025/file</p><p></p><p>Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE), (2013). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-</p><p>2025. Putrajaya: Ministry of Education Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE), (2018). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan</p><p>Malaysia 2013-2025. Laporan Tahunan 2018. Putrajaya: Kementerian</p><p>Pendidikan Malaysia. https://www.moe.gov.my/menumedia/mediacetak/</p><p>penerbitan/pppm-2013-2025-pendidikan-prasekolah-hingga-lepasmenengah/</p><p>laporan-tahunan-2018/3284-laporan-tahunan-eng/file</p><p></p><p>Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A</p><p>framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers college record, 108(6), 1017-</p><p>1054.</p><p></p><p>Mohd Noah, S., & Ahmad, J. (2005). Pembinaan modul: Bagaimana membina modul</p><p>latihan dan modul akademik. Serdang, Selangor: Universiti Putra Malaysia</p><p>Publisher.</p><p></p><p>Mok, S. S. (1993). Pengajaran Matematik Untuk Kursus Perguruan. Kuala Lumpur:</p><p>Kumpulan Budiman Sdn Bhd.</p><p></p><p>Moradmand, N., Datta, A., & Oakley, G. (2014). The design and implementation of an</p><p>educational multimedia mathematics software: Using ADDIE to guide</p><p>Instructional System Design. The Journal of Applied Instructional Design, 4(1),</p><p>37-49.</p><p></p><p>Morrison, G. R., Ross, S. J., Morrison, J. R., & Kalman, H. K. (2019). Designing</p><p>effective instruction. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.</p><p></p><p>Mota, J. M., Ruiz-Rube, I., Dodero, J. M., & Arnedillo-Snchez, I. (2018). Augmented</p><p>reality mobile app development for all. Computers & Electrical</p><p>Engineering, 65, 250-260.</p><p></p><p>Muilenburg, L. Y., & Berge, Z. L. (2005). Student barriers to online learning: A factor</p><p>analytic study. Distance education, 26(1), 29-48.</p><p></p><p>Muis, K. R., & Gierus, B. (2014). Beliefs about knowledge, knowing, and learning:</p><p>Differences across knowledge types in Physics. The Journal of Experimental</p><p>Education, 82(3), 408-430.</p><p></p><p>Murad, A. & Abdullah, N., (2016). Pembangunan modul peta pemikiran i-think bagi</p><p>mata pelajaran sains tahun 5 sekolah rendah. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains &</p><p>Matematik Malaysia, 6(2), 4453.</p><p></p><p>Murni, D., Helma, H., & Mirna, M. (2020). Efektivitas Penggunaan Bahan Ajar</p><p>Kalkulus Berbasis ICT Terintegrasi Masalah Kontekstual untuk Meningkatkan</p><p>Aktivitas, Motivasi, dan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa. Jurnal Eksakta</p><p>Pendidikan, 4(2), 171-178.</p><p></p><p>Nagpal, S., & Kumar, D. (2020). A thematic analysis of instructional design</p><p>models. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(18), 1641-1650.</p><p></p><p>Nasohah, U. N., Gani, M. I. B. A., & Shaid, N. B. M. S. (2015). Model ADDIE dalam</p><p>proses reka bentuk modul pengajaran: Bahasa Arab tujuan khas di Universiti</p><p>Sains Islam Malaysia sebagai contoh. In Proceedings of the International</p><p>Seminar on Language Teaching ISeLT 2015 (pp. 4-5).</p><p></p><p>National Research Council. (NRC) (2012). A framework for K-12 Science education:</p><p>Practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. Washington, D.C.: National</p><p>Academies Press.</p><p></p><p>Novianti, A. V., &, Sarkim (T. (2017)Pemahaman Siswa SMA Kelas XI IPA Tahun</p><p>Ajaran 2016/2017 di Kabupaten Wonogiri dan Kecamatan Sintang tentang</p><p>Pemantulan pada Cermin Datar dan Cermin Lengkung. In Prosiding SNFA</p><p>(Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) (Vol. 2, pp. 25-35).</p><p></p><p>Oluwatayo, J. A. (2012). Validity and reliability issues in educational research. Journal</p><p>of Educational and Social Research, 2(2), 391-391.</p><p></p><p>Ong, E. T., Ayob, A., Ibrahim, M. N., Adnan, M., Shariff, J., & Ishak, N. (2016). The</p><p>effectiveness of an in-service training of early childhood teachers on STEM</p><p>integration through Project-Based Inquiry Learning (PIL). Journal of Turkish</p><p>Science Education, 13, 44-58.</p><p></p><p>Park, S. Y. (2009). An analysis of the technology acceptance model in understanding</p><p>university students' behavioral intention to use e-learning. Journal of</p><p>Educational Technology & Society, 12(3), 150-162.</p><p></p><p>Park, S. Y., Nam, M. W., & Cha, S. B. (2012). University students' behavioral intention</p><p>to use mobile learning: Evaluating the technology acceptance model. British</p><p>journal of educational technology, 43(4), 592-605.</p><p></p><p>Park, E., Baek, S., Ohm, J., & Chang, H. J. (2014). Determinants of player acceptance</p><p>of mobile social network games: An application of extended technology</p><p>acceptance model. Telematics and Informatics, 31(1), 3-15</p><p></p><p>Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.</p><p></p><p>Palupi, F. (2017). Developing English learning material for speaking skill based on</p><p>ADDIE. Premise: Journal of English Education, 6(1), 29-41.</p><p></p><p>Peterson, C. (2003). Bringing ADDIE to life: Instructional design at its best. Journal of</p><p>Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 12(3), 227-241.</p><p></p><p>Petrova, K., & Li, C. (2009). Focus and setting in mobile learning research: A review</p><p>of the literature. Communications of the IBIMA,10(26), 219 - 226</p><p></p><p>Piaget, J. (1952). The Origins of intelligence in children (Vol. 8, No. 5, p. 18). New</p><p>York: International Universities Press. Retrieved from</p><p>https://www.bxScience.edu/ourpages/auto/2014/11/16/50007779/Piaget%20W</p><p>hen%20Thinking%20Begins10272012_0000.pdf</p><p></p><p>Piaget, J. (1959). Language and thought of the child (M. Grabain, Trans.). New York:</p><p>Humanities Press.</p><p></p><p>Piskurich, M. G. (2006). Rapid Instructional Design; Learning ID Fast and Right (2nd</p><p>ed.). United States of America: John Wiley & Son, Inc.</p><p></p><p>Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T., & Owen, S. V. (2007). Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of</p><p>content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in nursing &</p><p>health, 30(4), 459-467.</p><p></p><p>Purzer, ., Goldstein, M. H., Adams, R. S., Xie, C., & Nourian, S. (2015). An</p><p>exploratory study of informed engineering design behaviors associated with</p><p>scientific explanations. International Journal of STEM Education, 2(9).1-12.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-015-0019-7</p><p></p><p>Quille, K., Culligan, N., & Bergin, S. (2017). Insights on Gender Differences in CS1:</p><p>A Multi-institutional, Multi-variate Study. In Proceedings of the 2017 acm</p><p>conference on innovation and technology in computer Science education (pp.</p><p>263-268). https://doi.org/10.1145/3059009.3059048</p><p></p><p>Quinn, C. N. (2011). Designing mLearning: Tapping into the mobile revolution for</p><p>organizational performance. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.</p><p></p><p>Radzali, U. S., Mohd-Yusof, K., & Phang, F. A. (2018). Changing the conception of</p><p>teaching from teacher-centred to student-centred learning among engineering</p><p>lecturers. Global Journal of Engineering Education, 20(2),120-126</p><p></p><p>Rahim, F. (2017). Pemerkasaan Ulul Albab Melalui Modul STEM bersepadu</p><p>STEMind. O-JIE: Online Journal of Islamic Education, 3, 1-12.</p><p></p><p>Rahman, M., Abd, J., & Ismail, M. (2014). Development and evaluation of the</p><p>effectiveness of computer-assisted Physics instruction. International Education</p><p>Studies, 7(13), 14-22.</p><p></p><p>Rahman, M., Abdul, B. H., Daud, K. A. M., Jusoff, K., & Ghani, N. A. A. (2009).</p><p>Project Based Learning (PjBL) practices at Politeknik Kota Bharu,</p><p>Malaysia. International Education Studies, 2(4), 140-148.</p><p></p><p>Ramadhan, S., Asri, Y., & Indriyani, V. (2018). Learning module design writing</p><p>argumentative text based problem-based learning. Advances in Social Science,</p><p>Education and Humanities Research, 263, 194-200.</p><p></p><p>Rath, G. (2018). Elementary optics lab with smartphones and instant messaging.</p><p>In Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1076(1), 012012).</p><p></p><p>Rau, M. A. (2017). How do students learn to see concepts in visualizations? Social</p><p>learning mechanisms with physical and virtual representations. Journal of</p><p>Learning Analytics, 4(2), 240263. https://doi.org/10.18608/jla.2017.42.16</p><p></p><p>Rau, M. A., Aleven, V., Rummel, N., & Pardos, Z. (2014). How should intelligent</p><p>tutoring systems sequence multiple graphical representations of fractions? A</p><p>multi-methods study. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in</p><p>Education, 24(2), 125-161.</p><p></p><p>Richey, R. C., & Seels, B. (1994). Defining a Field: A Case Study of the Development</p><p>of the 1994 Definition of Instructional Technology. Educational Media and</p><p>Technology Yearbook, 20, 2-17.</p><p></p><p>Rubio, D. M., Berg-Weger, M., Tebb, S. S., Lee, E. S., & Rauch, S. (2003).</p><p>Objectifying content validity: Conducting a content validity study in social</p><p>work research. Social work research, 27(2), 94-104.</p><p></p><p>Sahin, M. (2019). Classroom response systems as a formative assessment tool:</p><p>Investigation into students' pperceived usefulness and behavioural</p><p>intention. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 6(4), 693-</p><p>705.</p><p></p><p>Saim, N., Ali, M., & Ibrahim, N. H. (2015, December). Proses Pembinaan Modul Pro-</p><p>Mc Physics: Fasa Analisis dan Reka Bentuk bagi Model Reka Bentuk</p><p>Pengajaran ADDIE. Paper presented at International Education Postgraduate</p><p>Seminar (IEPS) Johor Bahru, Johor. http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/62108</p><p>/1/MarlinaAli2015_ProsesPembinaanModulPro-McPhysics.pdf</p><p></p><p>Sakarji, S. R., Nor, K. B. M., Razali, M. M., Talib, N., Ahmad, N., & Saferdin, W. A.</p><p>A. W. M. (2019). Investigating students acceptance of e-learning using</p><p>technology acceptance model among diploma in office management and</p><p>technology students at UiTM Melaka. Journal of Information, 4(13), 13-26.</p><p></p><p>Saleh, S. (2014). Malaysian students' motivation towards physics learning. European</p><p>Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2(4), 223-232.</p><p></p><p>Sanders, M. (2009). Integrative STEM education: primer. The Technology</p><p>Teacher, 68(4), 20-26.</p><p></p><p>Santrock, J.W. (2011). Educational Psychology. New York: McGraw Hill.</p><p></p><p>Sari, S. A., & Sakdiah, H. (2016). The development of mind mapping media in flood</p><p>material using ADDIE Model. Journal of Education and Learning, 10(1), 53-</p><p>62.</p><p></p><p>Sarrab, M., Al Shibli, I., & Badursha, N. (2016). An empirical study of factors driving</p><p>the adoption of mobile learning in Omani higher education. International</p><p>Review of research in Open and Distributed Learning, 17(4), 331-349.</p><p></p><p>Sazilah, S., & Faizal, N.L.A. (2017). Development and evaluation of form three</p><p>mathematics i-Think module (Mi-T3) on algebraic formulae topic. In AIP</p><p>Conference Proceedings, 1847, 030017. AIP Publishing LLC</p><p></p><p>Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., & Tondeur, J. (2019). The technology acceptance model</p><p>(TAM): A meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach to explaining</p><p>teachers adoption of digital technology in education. Computers &</p><p>Education, 128, 13-35.</p><p></p><p>Schwabe, G., & Gth, C. (2005). Mobile learning with a mobile game: design and</p><p>motivational effects. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21(3), 204-216.</p><p></p><p>Sencar, S., & Erylmaz, A. (2004). Factors mediating the effect of gender on ninthgrade</p><p>Turkish students misconceptions concerning electric circuits. Journal of</p><p>Research in Science Teaching, 41 (6), 603-616.</p><p></p><p>Setambah, M. A. B., & Adnan, M. (2016) Development, Validity and Reliability</p><p>Adventure Based Learning Module in Fundamental Statistics. In Proceeding of</p><p>The International Conference on Education and Higher Order Thinking Skills</p><p>(ICE-HOTS) 2016 (pp. 396-405).</p><p></p><p>Shahali, E. H. M., Ismail, I., & Halim, L. (2017). STEM education in Malaysia: Policy,</p><p>trajectories and initiatives. Asian Research Policy Science and Technology</p><p>Trends, 122-133.</p><p></p><p>Shaheen, S., & Khatoon, S. (2017). Impact of ICT enriched modular approach on</p><p>academic achievement of biology students. Journal of Research & Reflections</p><p>in Education (JRRE), 11(1).</p><p></p><p>Sharples, M., Taylor, J., & Vavoula, G. (2007) A Theory of Learning for the Mobile</p><p>Age. In R. Andrews and C. Haythornthwaite (eds.) The Sage Handbook of</p><p>Elearning Research (pp. 221-247). London: Sage.</p><p></p><p>Shen, C. W., Ho, J. T., Kuo, T. C., & Luong, T. H. (2017). Behavioral intention of using</p><p>virtual reality in learning. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference</p><p>on World Wide Web Companion (pp. 129-137).</p><p></p><p>Shen, W., Liu, C., Shi, C., & Yuan, Y. (2015). Gender differences in creative</p><p>thinking. Advances in Psychological Science, 23(8), 1380-1389.</p><p></p><p>Shi, J., Luo, D., Weng, H., Zeng, X. T., Lin, L., Chu, H., & Tong, T. (2020). Optimally</p><p>estimating the sample standard deviation from the fivenumber</p><p>summary. Research Synthesis Methods, 11(5), 641-654.</p><p></p><p>Shih, R. C. (2011). Can Web 2.0 technology assist college students in learning English</p><p>writing? Integrating Facebook and peer assessment with blended</p><p>learning. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 27(5).</p><p></p><p>Shiland, T. W. (1999). Constructivism: The implications for laboratory work. Journal</p><p>of Chemical Education, 76(1), 107-109.</p><p></p><p>Shorfuzzaman, M., & Alhussein, M. (2016). Modeling learners readiness to adopt</p><p>mobile learning: A perspective from a GCC higher education institution. Mobile</p><p>Information Systems, 1(1), 1-10.</p><p></p><p>Siddiqui, S., Thomas, M., & Soomro, N. N. (2020). Technology integration in</p><p>education: source of intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy and</p><p>performance. Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society, 16(1), 11-22.</p><p></p><p>Siregar, N. (2018, October). The influence teacher teaching with model ADDIE to</p><p>improve learning outcomes of English language study students. In Proceedings</p><p>of The First International Seminar on English LanguageTeaching of</p><p>Nommensen, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, English Education</p><p>Study Program Nommensen HKBP University Pematangsiantar 2018 (pp. 191</p><p> 197)</p><p></p><p>Smith, L. (Ed.). (2002). Critical readings on Piaget. New York: Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Smith, P. L., & Ragan, T. J. (2005). Instructional design. Oklahoma. John Wiley &</p><p>Sons.</p><p></p><p>Smith, K. A., Douglas, T. C., & Cox, M. F. (2009). Supportive teaching and learning</p><p>strategies in STEM education. New Directions for Teaching and</p><p>Learning, 2009(117), 19-32.</p><p></p><p>Snetinov, M., Kcovsk, P., & Machalick, J. (2018). Hands-on experiments in the</p><p>interactive Physics laboratory: students intrinsic motivation and</p><p>understanding. CEPS Journal, 8(1), 55-75.</p><p></p><p>Sokoloff, D. R. (2015). Active Learning Strategies for Introductory Light and Optics.</p><p>The Physics Teacher, 54(1), 1822. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.4937966</p><p></p><p>Song, Y. J., Lee, J. H., Shin, H. C., Lee, K. H., Suh, K., Kang, J. R., ... & Oh, S. C.</p><p>(2016, December). Highly functional and reliable 8Mb STT-MRAM embedded</p><p>in 28nm logic. In 2016 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting</p><p>(IEDM) (pp. 27-2). IEEE.</p><p></p><p>Song, Y. (2016). We found the black spots on campus on our own: development of</p><p>inquiry skills in primary Science learning with BYOD (Bring Your Own</p><p>Device). Interactive Learning Environments, 24(2), 291305.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2015.1113707</p><p></p><p>Soto, V. J. (2013). Which Instructional Design Models Are Educators Using To Design</p><p>Virtual World Instruction? MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching,</p><p>9(3), 364376.</p><p></p><p>Srisawasdi, N., & Panjaburee, P. (2014). Technology-enhanced Learning in Science,</p><p>Technology, and Mathematics Education: Results on Supporting Student</p><p>Learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 946950.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.325</p><p></p><p>Stefaniak, J., & Xu, M. (2020). An Examination of the Systemic Reach of Instructional</p><p>Design Models: a Systematic Review. TechTrends, 64(5), 710-719.</p><p></p><p>Stewart, B. L., Waight, C. L., Marcella, W., Norwood, M. M., & Ezell, S. D. (2004).</p><p>Formative and summative evaluation of online courses. Quarterly Review of</p><p>Distance Education, 5(2). 101-109</p><p></p><p>Stuckey, H. L. (2013). Three types of interviews: Qualitative research methods in social</p><p>health. Journal of Social Health and Diabetes, 1(2), 56-59.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.4103/2321-0656.115294</p><p></p><p>Suana, W., Maharta, N., Nyeneng, I. D., & Wahyuni, S. (2017). Design and</p><p>implementation of schoology-based blended learning media for basic physics I</p><p>course. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 6(1).</p><p></p><p>Suastika, I. K., & Wahyuningtyas, D. T. (2018). Developing Module of Fractional</p><p>Numbers using Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach. Pancaran</p><p>Pendidikan, 7(1).</p><p></p><p>Sujarwanto, E., & Ibrahim, M. (2019). Attitude, Knowledge, and Application of STEM</p><p>Owned by Science Teachers. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1417(1),</p><p>012096. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1417/1/012096</p><p></p><p>Sulisworo, D., Agustin, S. P., & Sudarmiyati, E. (2016). Cooperative-blended learning</p><p>using Moodle as an open source learning platform. International Journal of</p><p>Technology Enhanced Learning, 8(2), 187-198.</p><p></p><p>Sun, H. (2020). Gender Differences of Theoretical Physics of Undergraduates Major in</p><p>Physics. Higher Education Studies, 10(1), 1-6.</p><p></p><p>Sung, Y. T., Chang, K. E., & Liu, T. C. (2016). The effects of integrating mobile devices</p><p>with teaching and learning on students' learning performance: A meta-analysis</p><p>and research synthesis. Computers & Education, 94, 252-275.</p><p></p><p>Talib, O. (2014). Tulis tesis cepat: Teknik efektif dan efisyen. Selangor: MPWS Rich</p><p>Resources.</p><p></p><p>Tan, G. W. H., & Ooi, K. B. (2018). Gender and age: Do they really moderate mobile</p><p>tourism shopping behavior?. Telematics and Informatics, 35, 16171642.</p><p>doi:10.1016/j.tele.2018.04.009</p><p></p><p>Tangney, S. (2014). Student-centred learning: a humanist perspective. Teaching in</p><p>higher Education, 19(3), 266-275.</p><p></p><p>Tarhini, A., Hone, K., & Liu, X. (2015). A crosscultural examination of the impact of</p><p>social, organisational and individual factors on educational technology</p><p>acceptance between B ritish and L ebanese university students. British Journal</p><p>of Educational Technology, 46(4), 739-755.</p><p></p><p>Teo, T., Luan, W. S., & Sing, C. C. (2008). A cross-cultural examination of the</p><p>intention to use technology between Singaporean and Malaysian pre-service</p><p>teachers: an application of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Journal</p><p>of Educational Technology & Society, 11(4), 265-280.</p><p></p><p>Tengku Muda, T. E. A., Ishak M, F, & Mat Razali S, (2014). Kemahiran SosialMenurut</p><p>Perspektif Islam: Aplikasinya dalam membentuk keperibadian pelajar. Jurnal</p><p>Pendidikan, 1(2), 453-464.</p><p></p><p>Tho, S. W., & Yeung, Y. Y. (2014). Innovative use of smartphones for sound resonance</p><p>tube experiment. Teaching Science, 60(1), 39-42.</p><p></p><p>Tho, S. W., Chan, K. W., & Yeung, Y. Y. (2015). Technology-enhanced Physics</p><p>programme for community-based Science learning: Innovative design and</p><p>programme evaluation in a theme park. Journal of Science Education and</p><p>Technology, 24(5), 580-594.</p><p></p><p>Tho, S. W., Lee, T. T., & Baharom, S. (2018). Scientific Investigation through</p><p>Innovative Use of Mobile Devices in the Playground. Teaching Science: The</p><p>Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association, 64(2), 25-29.</p><p></p><p>Toyoda, S., Abe, N., & Arima, T. (2019). Nonreciprocal Refraction of Light in a</p><p>Magnetoelectric Material. Physical review letters, 123(7), 077401.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.077401</p><p></p><p>Traxler, J. (2009). Current State of Mobile learning/Mobile learning: Transforming the</p><p>Delivery of Education and Training 1, 9-24. edt. by Mohamed Ally. Athabasca:</p><p>Athabasca University Press.</p><p></p><p>Tsai, C. Y., & Huang, T. C. (2018). The relationship between adult self-efficacy and</p><p>scientific competencies: the moderating effect of gender. International Journal</p><p>of Science and Mathematics Education, 16 (1), 91-106.</p><p></p><p>Tural, G. (2015). Cross-Grade Comparison of Students' Conceptual Understanding</p><p>with Lenses in Geometric Optics. Science Education International, 26(3), 325-</p><p>343.</p><p></p><p>Tyan, Y. S., Liao, J. R., Shen, C. Y., Lin, Y. C., & Weng, J. C. (2017). Gender</p><p>differences in the structural connectome of the teenage brain revealed by</p><p>generalized q-sampling MRI. NeuroImage: Clinical, 15, 376-382.</p><p></p><p>Ullman, T., Stuhlmller, A., Goodman, N., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2014). Learning</p><p>Physics from dynamical scenes. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference</p><p>of the Cognitive Science society (pp. 1640-1645).</p><p></p><p>Valk, J. H., Rashid, A. T., & Elder, L. (2010). Using mobile phones to improve</p><p>educational outcomes: An analysis of evidence from Asia. International Review</p><p>of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 11(1), 117-140.</p><p></p><p>Van Teijlingen, E., & Hundley, V. (2002). The importance of pilot studies. Nursing</p><p>Standard (through 2013), 16(40), 33.</p><p></p><p>Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology</p><p>acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2),</p><p>186-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926</p><p></p><p>Vitoria, L., Mislinawati, M., & Nurmasyitah, N. (2018). Students perceptions on the</p><p>implementation of e-learning: Helpful or unhelpful. Journal of Physics.:</p><p>Conference Series 1088, 012058. doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1088/1/012058</p><p></p><p>Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Socio-cultural theory. Mind In Society, 52-58.</p><p></p><p>Wai, I. S. H., Ng, S. S. Y., Chiu, D. K., Ho, K. K., & Lo, P. (2018). Exploring</p><p>undergraduate students usage pattern of mobile apps for education. Journal of</p><p>Librarianship and Information Science, 50(1), 34-47.</p><p></p><p>Walls, D. F., & Milburn, G. J. (2007). Quantum optics. Springer Science & Business</p><p>Media.</p><p></p><p>Wan Husin, W. N. F., Mohamad Arsad, N., Othman, O., Halim, L., Rasul, M. S.,</p><p>Osman, K., & Iksan, Z. (2016). Fostering students' 21st century skills through</p><p>Project Oriented Problem Based Learning (POPBL) in integrated STEM</p><p>education program. In Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning & Teaching,</p><p>17(1). Hong Kong.</p><p></p><p>Wang, Y. S., Wu, M. C., & Wang, H. Y. (2009). Investigating the determinants and age</p><p>and gender differences in the acceptance of mobile learning. British Journal of</p><p>Educational Technology, 40(1), 92-118.</p><p></p><p>Weegar, M. A., & Pacis, D. (2012). A Comparison of two theories of learningbehaviourism</p><p>and constructivism as applied to face-to-face and online learning.</p><p>In Proceedings e-leader conference, Manila.</p><p></p><p>Weener, V. & Dirk-Gunnar, W. (2006). Quantum Physics. Wiley & Sons.</p><p></p><p>Wu, H., & Leung, S. O. (2017). Can likert scales be treated as interval scales?A</p><p>simulation study. Journal of Social Service Research, 43(4), 527-532.</p><p>doi:10.1080/01488376.2017.1329775</p><p></p><p>Yahaya, A., Voo, P., Maakip, I., & Malek, M. D. A. (2017). Kaedah penyelidikan</p><p>dalam pendidikan. Tanjong Malim: Pejabat Karang Mengarang Universiti</p><p>Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p></p><p>Yahya, R. A. S., Daud, A. N. M., & Jaafar, R. (2019). Development and evaluation of</p><p>multiframes video recorded experiments as self-learning materials for</p><p>electricity topic. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 7(1),</p><p>34-46.</p><p></p><p>Yennita, Y., Yasin, R. M., & Ikhsan, Z. H. (2017). Development of low cost project</p><p>base learning in physics learning of junior high school. Jurnal Geliga Sains</p><p>(JGS): Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika (Physics Education Journal), 5(1), 16-26.</p><p></p><p>Yeoh, M. P., & Ierardi, E. (2015). Motivation and achievement of Malaysian students</p><p>in studying Matriculation Biology. International Journal of Advanced</p><p>Research, 3(11), 966-978.</p><p></p><p>Yerdelen, S., Kahraman, N., & Yasemin, T. A. . (2016). Low socioeconomic status</p><p>students' STEM career interest in relation to gender, grade level, and STEM</p><p>attitude. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 13(special), 59-74.</p><p></p><p>Yulastri, A., & Hidayat, H. (2017). Developing an entrepreneurship module by using</p><p>product-based learning approach in vocational education. International Journal</p><p>of Environmental and Science Education, 12(5), 1097-1109.</p><p></p><p>Yunus, M. A. M., Musa, R., & Nazri, M. Y. (2017). Construct and criterion validity of</p><p>the Malaysia version of Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). Asia-</p><p>Pacific Journal of Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation and</p><p>Technology, 10, 8-11.</p><p></p><p>Yusof, H., Yunus J., & Musa, K. (2015). Kaedah penyelidikan: Pengurusan</p><p>pendidikan. Tanjong Malim: Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p></p><p>Zain, A. R. (2018, September). Effectiveness of guided inquiry based on blended</p><p>learning in physics instruction to improve critical thinking skills of the senior</p><p>high school student. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series,1097(1), 012015.</p><p>IOP Publishing.</p><p></p><p>Zainal, N. F. A., Din, R., Nasrudin, M. F., Abdullah, S., Rahman, A. H. A., Abdullah,</p><p>S. N. H. S., ... & Majid, N. A. A. (2018). Robotic prototype and module</p><p>specification for increasing the interest of Malaysian students in STEM</p><p>Education. International. Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(25), 286-</p><p>290.</p><p></p><p>Zainuddin, I. (2017). Pembangunan modul pembelajaran seni reka grafik berasaskan</p><p>teknologi dan gaya pembelajaran pelajar bermasalah pendengaran (Doctoral</p><p>dissertation, University of Malaya). Retrieved from http://</p><p>studentsrepo.um.edu.my/7224/6/zainuddin.pdf</p><p></p><p>Zhai, X., & Shi, L. (2020). Understanding how the perceived usefulness of mobile</p><p>technology impacts physics learning achievement: A pedagogical</p><p>perspective. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 29(6), 743-757.</p><p></p><p>Zhao, D., & Yang, Q. (2011). Blended learning model applied in college teacher</p><p>education. In Proceeding of the International Conference on e-Education,</p><p>Entertainment and e-Management (pp. 300-303). IEEE.</p><p></p><p>Zhu, D. H., Chang, Y. P., Luo, J. J., & Li, X. (2014). Understanding the adoption of</p><p>location-based recommendation agents among active users of social networking</p><p>sites. Information Processing & Management, 50(5), 675-682.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p> |