The impact of student response system (SRS) on students behavioural patterns of engagement during tertiary level English language classroom activities

The impact of student response system (SRS) on students behavioural patterns of engagement during tertiary level English language classroom activities

<p>The aims of this study were to 1) compare and contrast students behavioural patterns</p><p>of engagement during lessons activities with and without the utilisation of Student</p><p>Response System (SRS) and 2) gauge students pe...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Pooveneswaran Nadarajan
Format: thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2021
Subjects:
LB Theory and practice of education
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8513
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:8513
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language eng
topic LB Theory and practice of education
spellingShingle LB Theory and practice of education
Pooveneswaran Nadarajan
The impact of student response system (SRS) on students behavioural patterns of engagement during tertiary level English language classroom activities
description <p>The aims of this study were to 1) compare and contrast students behavioural patterns</p><p>of engagement during lessons activities with and without the utilisation of Student</p><p>Response System (SRS) and 2) gauge students perspectives on the use of SRS in</p><p>English language classrooms. The participants of this study were 35 students</p><p>undertaking an English proficiency course at a local university. This study employed</p><p>classroom observations, field notes and interviews to gather the data. They were</p><p>qualitatively analysed and triangulated using thematic analysis. The findings indicated</p><p>that the participants displayed more engaged patterns of behaviours in the classrooms</p><p>that utilised SRS compared to their behaviours in the ones without SRS. Students also</p><p>viewed the utilisation of SRS as engaging and preferred to have more lessons with SRS.</p><p>Based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that SRS was an effective tool</p><p>to increase students behavioural patterns of engagement. The implication of the study</p><p>is that SRS could be utilised to encourage more engaging patterns of behaviour in</p><p>English language classrooms.</p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author Pooveneswaran Nadarajan
author_facet Pooveneswaran Nadarajan
author_sort Pooveneswaran Nadarajan
title The impact of student response system (SRS) on students behavioural patterns of engagement during tertiary level English language classroom activities
title_short The impact of student response system (SRS) on students behavioural patterns of engagement during tertiary level English language classroom activities
title_full The impact of student response system (SRS) on students behavioural patterns of engagement during tertiary level English language classroom activities
title_fullStr The impact of student response system (SRS) on students behavioural patterns of engagement during tertiary level English language classroom activities
title_full_unstemmed The impact of student response system (SRS) on students behavioural patterns of engagement during tertiary level English language classroom activities
title_sort impact of student response system (srs) on students behavioural patterns of engagement during tertiary level english language classroom activities
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Bahasa dan Komunikasi
publishDate 2021
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8513
_version_ 1776104534415769600
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:85132022-12-16 The impact of student response system (SRS) on students behavioural patterns of engagement during tertiary level English language classroom activities 2021 Pooveneswaran Nadarajan LB Theory and practice of education <p>The aims of this study were to 1) compare and contrast students behavioural patterns</p><p>of engagement during lessons activities with and without the utilisation of Student</p><p>Response System (SRS) and 2) gauge students perspectives on the use of SRS in</p><p>English language classrooms. The participants of this study were 35 students</p><p>undertaking an English proficiency course at a local university. This study employed</p><p>classroom observations, field notes and interviews to gather the data. They were</p><p>qualitatively analysed and triangulated using thematic analysis. The findings indicated</p><p>that the participants displayed more engaged patterns of behaviours in the classrooms</p><p>that utilised SRS compared to their behaviours in the ones without SRS. Students also</p><p>viewed the utilisation of SRS as engaging and preferred to have more lessons with SRS.</p><p>Based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that SRS was an effective tool</p><p>to increase students behavioural patterns of engagement. The implication of the study</p><p>is that SRS could be utilised to encourage more engaging patterns of behaviour in</p><p>English language classrooms.</p> 2021 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8513 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8513 text eng closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Bahasa dan Komunikasi <p>Adi Bhat. (2019). Non-Probability Sampling: Definition, Methods and Examples. Retrieved on 1</p><p>September 2019, from https://www.questionpro.com/blog/non- probability-sampling/</p><p></p><p>Ain Azmi, Razzatul Izza Zurita, & Norazila Aniah. (2018). The Use of Kahoot! Application in</p><p>Learning Theoretical Modules at Johor's Ledang Community College. In International Conference on</p><p>Education, Islamic Studies & Social Sciences Research (ICEISR). Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia:</p><p>RCS Global Sincere Resources. Retrieved from http://iceisr.com/online-proceeding-iceisr- 2018</p><p></p><p>Baker, R., D'Mello, S., Rodrigo, M., & Graesser, A. (2010). Better to be frustrated than bored: The</p><p>incidence, persistence, and impact of learners cognitiveaffective states during interactions with</p><p>three different computer-based learning environments. International Journal of Human-Computer</p><p>Studies, 68(4), 223-</p><p>241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.12.003</p><p></p><p>Benson, J., Szucs, K., & Taylor, M. (2016). Student Response Systems and Learning: Perceptions of</p><p>the Student. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 30(4), 406-</p><p>414. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380577.2016.1222644</p><p></p><p>Blessinger, P., & Wankel, C. (2013). Increasing student engagement and retention using online</p><p>learning activities. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.</p><p></p><p>Boyd, D. (2015). Social Media: A Phenomenon to be Analyzed. Social Media + Society, 1(1),</p><p>205630511558014. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115580148</p><p></p><p>Broadhurst, K., Holt, K., & Doherty, P. (2012). What is Research design? Explanatory/descriptive</p><p>research. Qualitative Social Work, 11(5), 517534. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325011401471</p><p></p><p>Broadhurst, K., Holt, K., & Doherty, P. (2011). Accomplishing parental engagement in child</p><p>protection practice? Qualitative Social Work: Research and Practice, 11(5), 517-534.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325011401471</p><p></p><p>Bruff, D. (2009). Teaching with classroom response systems: Creating active learning environments.</p><p>San Francisco, CA: Wiley.</p><p></p><p>Bucholz, J.L., & Sheffler, J.L. (2009). Creating a Warm and Inclusive Classroom Environment:</p><p>Planning for All Children to Feel Welcome. Electronic Journal</p><p>for Inclusive Education, 2, 4.</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: qualitative, quantitative,</p><p>and mixed methods approaches. 5th ed. Los Angeles: SAGE.</p><p></p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches.</p><p>4th ed. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.</p><p></p><p>Definitions, Meanings, Synonyms, and Grammar by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com. (2020). Retrieved</p><p>23 August 2020, from https://www.lexico.com/</p><p></p><p>Devinder, S., & Zaitun Abu Bakar. (2007). Wireless implementation of a mobile learning environment</p><p>based on students' expectations. International Journal of Mobile Learning and </p><p>Organisation, 1(2), 198.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmlo.2007.012678</p><p></p><p>Dorman, J.P., Aldridge, J.M. & Fraser, B.J. (2006). Using Students' Assessment of Classroom</p><p>Environment to Develop a Typology of Secondary School Classrooms. International Education Journal,</p><p>7(7), 906-915. Retrieved August 23, 2020 from https://www.learntechlib.org/p/103480/.</p><p></p><p>Egelandsdal, K., & Krumsvik, R. J. (2017). Clickers and formative feedback at university lectures.</p><p>Education and Information Technologies, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-015-9437-x</p><p></p><p>Engaging students in learning. (2020). Retrieved 23 August 2020, from</p><p>https://www.washington.edu/teaching/topics/engaging-students-in-learning/</p><p></p><p>Faber, P. (2010). English as an academic lingua franca. Alicante Journal of English Studies /</p><p>Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, 0(23), 19-32.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.14198/raei.2010.23.02</p><p></p><p>Farha Alia Mokhtar. (2015). Rethinking Conventional Teaching in Language Learning and Proposing</p><p>Edmodo as Intervention : A Qualitative Analysis. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational </p><p>Technology, 4(2), 2237. https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1069362747</p><p></p><p>Fredricks, J. A., & McColskey, W. (2012). The measurement of student engagement: A comparative</p><p>analysis of various methods and student self-report instruments. In Handbook of research on student</p><p>engagement (pp. 763- 782). Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/</p><p>chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_37</p><p></p><p>Fredricks, J., Mooney, K., Montrosse, B., Mordica, J., Meli, J., & Mccolskey, W.</p><p>(2011). Measuring Student Engagement in Upper Elementary Through High</p><p>School: A Description of 21 Instruments. Summary. Issues & Answers. Rel</p><p>2011-No. 098. Washington, D.C.</p><p></p><p>Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the</p><p>concept: State of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59119.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059</p><p></p><p>Fui-Theng, L., & Mai, N. (2014). Interactive Multimedia Learning: Innovating Classroom Education in</p><p>a Malaysian University. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 13(2), 99-110.</p><p></p><p>Garba, S. A., Byabazaire, Y., & Busthami, A. H. (n.d.). Toward the Use of 21-st Century Teaching-</p><p>Learning Approaches : The Trend of Development in Malaysian Schools within the Context of Asia</p><p>Pacific, 7279.</p><p></p><p>Gee, J. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy.</p><p>Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.</p><p></p><p>Gressick, J., & Langston, J. (2017). The Guilded Classroom: Using Gamification to Engage and</p><p>Motivate Undergraduates. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 17(3), 109-123.</p><p></p><p>Howard, J., & Major, J. (2004). Guidelines for designing effective English Language Teaching </p><p>Materials, pp. 101109. Retrieved from</p><p>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237476568_Guidelines_for_Designi</p><p>ng_Effective_English_Language_Teaching_Materials</p><p></p><p>International ICT Literacy Panel. (2002). Digital transformation: A framework for ICT literacy.</p><p>Princeton, NJ, Educational Testing Service.</p><p></p><p>Kapp, K. (2012). The gamification of learning and instruction: Game-based methods and strategies</p><p>for training and education. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.</p><p></p><p>Katz, I. R., & Macklin, A. S. (2006). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Literacy:</p><p>Integration and Assessment in Higher Education. Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 5(4),</p><p>50-55.</p><p></p><p>Kazmi A. (2010). Sleepwalking through Undergrad: Using Student Engagement as an Institutional Alarm</p><p>Clock. College Quarterly, 13(1), 15.</p><p></p><p>Koltai, A. (2012). Exploring student motivation: Teaching students specializing in EU</p><p>English. WoPaLP, 6, 46-63.</p><p></p><p>Lane, B. E. S., & Harris, S. E. (2015). A New Tool for Measuring Student BERI Protocol. Journal</p><p>of College Science Teaching, 44(6), 8391. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050243</p><p></p><p>Lantolf, J. P., & Thorne, S.L. (2007). Sociocultural theory and second language learning. In Bill</p><p>B. Van Patten & W. Jessica (Eds.), Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction (pp.</p><p>693-701). New York, NY: Routledge.</p><p></p><p>Lantolf, J. P., & Thorne, S. L. (2006). Sociocultural theory and the genesis of second language</p><p>development. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.</p><p></p><p>Lantolf, J. P. (2001). Sociocultural theory and SLA. In R. B. Kaplan. (Ed.), Handbook of applied</p><p>linguistics (pp. 109-119). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.</p><p></p><p>Laurillard, D., Charlton, P., Craft, B., Dimakopoulos, D., Ljubojevic, D., & Magoulas,</p><p>G. et al. (2013). A constructionist learning environment for teachers to model learning designs.</p><p>Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(1), 15-30.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00458.x</p><p></p><p>Lehmann, J., Lalmas, M., Yom-Tov, E., & Dupret, G. (2012). Models of User Engagement. User</p><p>Modeling, Adaptation, And Personalization, 164-175. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31454-4_14</p><p></p><p>Li, Y. W. (2016). Transforming Conventional Teaching Classroom to Learner-Centred Teaching</p><p>Classroom Using Multimedia-Mediated Learning Module. International Journal of Information and</p><p>Education Technology, 6(2), 105</p><p>112. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJIET.2016.V6.667</p><p></p><p>Lin, D. T. A., Ganapathy, M., & Manjeet, K. (2018). Kahoot! It: Gamification in higher education.</p><p>Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt029</p><p></p><p>Mardziah Hayati Abdullah, Ho, S. W., & Wong, B. E. (2015). Delivering the Elex Package: An</p><p>English Language Experience Approach for Developing Undergraduates' Language Proficiency.</p><p>Journal of Language and Communication, 2(2), 119-132.</p><p></p><p>Mazlina Che Mustafa, Abdul Halim Masnan, Azila Alias, & Nor Mashitah Radzi. (2017). Sociocultural</p><p>Theories in Second Language Acquisition. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and</p><p>Social Sciences, 7(12), 1168-</p><p>1171. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v7-i12/3747</p><p></p><p>McCarthy, J., & Anderson, L. (2000). Active Learning Techniques versus Traditional Teaching</p><p>Styles: Two Experiments from History and Political Science. Innovative Higher </p><p>Education, 24(4), 279-294.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1023/b:ihie.0000047415.48495.05</p><p></p><p>Menon, S. (2017). Use of English at tertiary level. The Star Online. Retrieved from</p><p>https://www.thestar.com.my/news/education/2017/11/12/use-of-english-at- tertiary-level/</p><p></p><p>Moldovan, C., & Metzger, F. (2016). Bridging the Gap between QoE and User Engagement in HTTP Video</p><p>Streaming. 2016 28Th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 28).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1109/itc-28.2016.122</p><p></p><p>Newmann, F. M. (1992). Student engagement and achievement in American secondary schools. New York,</p><p>USA: Teachers College Press.</p><p></p><p>North, B. (2015). The CEFR in practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>Pappamihiel, N. E. (2002). English as a second language students and English language anxiety:</p><p>Issues in the mainstream classroom. Research in the Teaching of English. 36(3). 327-356.</p><p></p><p>Parsons, J., & Taylor, L. (2011). Improving Student Engagement. Current Issues in Education, 14(1).</p><p> Retrieved from https://cie.asu.edu/ojs/index.php/cieatasu/article/view/745</p><p></p><p>Plump, C., & LaRosa, J. (2017). Using Kahoot! in the Classroom to Create Engagement and Active</p><p>Learning: A Game-Based Technology Solution for eLearning Novices. Management Teaching </p><p>Review, 2(2), 151-158.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/2379298116689783</p><p></p><p>Pickton, M. (2013). Writing your research plan. In: Grant, M. J., Sen, B. and Spring, H. Research,</p><p>Evaluation and Audit: Key Steps in Demonstrating Your Value. London: Facet Publishing.</p><p></p><p>Raman, K., & Yamat, H. (2014). Barriers teachers face in integrating ICT during English Lessons: A</p><p>case study. The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2(3). Retrieved from</p><p>http://www.mojet.net/article/barriers</p><p>teachersfaceinintegratingictduringenglishlessonsacasestudy</p><p></p><p>Rana, N., & Dwivedi, Y. (2017). Can clicking promote learning. Journal of International </p><p>Education in Business, 10(2), 201-215.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1108/jieb-06-2016-0010</p><p></p><p>Rethinasamy, S., & Chuah, K. (2011). The Malaysian University English Test (MUET) and Its Use for</p><p>Placement Purposes: A Predictive Validity Study. SSRN Electronic Journal, 8(2), 234-245.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2146007</p><p></p><p>Richardson, A. M., Dunn, P. K., McDonald, C., & Oprescu, F. (2015). CRiSP: An Instrument for</p><p>Assessing Student Perceptions of Classroom Response Systems. Journal of Science Education </p><p>and Technology, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-014-9528-2</p><p></p><p>Seaborn, K., & Fels, D. I. (2015). Gamification in theory and action: A survey. International</p><p>Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 74, 14-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2014.09.006</p><p></p><p>Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach (pp.</p><p>96-105). New York: Wiley.</p><p></p><p>Saeed, S., & Zyngier, D. (2012). How Motivation Influences Student Engagement: A Qualitative Case</p><p>Study. Journal of Education and Learning, 1(2), 252267. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v1n2p252</p><p></p><p>Schlechty, P. (2011). Engaging students: The next level of working on the work. San Francisco, CA:</p><p>Jossey-Bass.</p><p></p><p>Selvaraj G., Anbalagan K., & Azlin N. M. (2014). Current Trends in Malaysian Higher Education and</p><p>the Effect on Education Policy and Practice: An Overview. International Journal of Higher</p><p>Education, 3(1), 8593. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v3n1p85</p><p></p><p>Shabani, K. (2016). Applications of Vygotskys sociocultural approach for teachers professional </p><p>development. Cogent Education, 3(1), 1-10.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2016.1252177</p><p></p><p>Shafini Suhaimi, Faizal Nizam Lee, Sahandri Gani Hamzah, Nidzam Che Ahmad, Mazlini Adnan, Noraini</p><p>Noh, & Lajiman Janoory. (2014). An Instrument to Assess Secondary School Mathematics Teachers</p><p>Assessment Practice. Journal of Teaching and Education, 3(3), 483492.</p><p></p><p>Shin, Y., Park, J., & Lee, S. G. (2018). Improving the integrated experience of in-class activities</p><p>and fine-grained data collection for analysis in a blended learning class. Interactive </p><p>Learning Environments, 26(5).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2017.1374980</p><p></p><p>Simin G., Zabidi Abd Razak, Faizal A. Ghani, Ran, N. G., Yao, M., & Zhang, T. (2014). ICT</p><p>Integration in Education: Incorporation for Teaching & Learning Improvement. Malaysian Online</p><p>Journal of Educational Technology, 2(2), 24</p><p>54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00453.x</p><p></p><p>Siti Maziha, & Nik Suryani. (2011). Classroom Participation Patterns: A Case Study of Malaysian</p><p>Undergraduate Students. International Journal for Educational Studies, 3(2), 145-158.</p><p></p><p>Siti Norliana Ghazali. (2008). Learner Background and their Attitudes towards Studying Literature.</p><p>Malaysian Journal of ELT Research, 4, 1-17.</p><p></p><p>Skien, J. (2018). User Engagement in Game-based Student Response Systems: A Case Study on Kahoot!</p><p>(Masters). Norwegian University of Science and Technology.</p><p></p><p>Sorayya Behroozizad, Radha M. K. Nambiar, & Zaini Amir. (2012). The Relationship between Language</p><p>Learning Strategies and Teacher's Mediating Role. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 18(2), 35-48.</p><p></p><p>Star Online. (2019, July 17). Dr M: New key discoveries are made using English. The Star </p><p>Online. Retrieved from</p><p>https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/17/dr-m-new-key-</p><p>discoveries-are-made-using-english/#x0EGrAD4sh3GtZw6.99</p><p></p><p>Stevens, N. T., McDermott, H., Boland, F., Pawlikowska, T., & Humphreys, H. (2017). A comparative</p><p>study: Do clickers increase student engagement in multidisciplinary clinical microbiology</p><p>teaching? BMC Medical Education,</p><p>17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-017-0906-3</p><p></p><p>Sun, R., & Shek, D. (2012). Student Classroom Misbehavior: An Exploratory Study Based on Teachers'</p><p>Perceptions. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/208907</p><p></p><p>Thang, S. M., Lee, K. W., Murugaiah, P., Jaafar, N. M., Tan, C. K., & Bukhari, N. I.</p><p>A. (2016). ICT tools patterns of use among malaysian university students ESL.</p><p>GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 16(1), 4965.</p><p></p><p>Thomas, C. N., Pinter, E. B., Carlisle, A., & Goran, L. (2015). Student Response Systems. Journal</p><p>of Special Education Technology, 30(4), 223237.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/0162643415623026</p><p></p><p>Tomlinson, B. (2012). Materials development for language learning and teaching.</p><p>Language Teaching, 45(2), 143179. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0261444811000528</p><p></p><p>Utusan Online. (2018, July 23). Kecemerlangan Pendidikan UPSI. Utusan Online. Retrieved </p><p> from</p><p>https://www.utusan.com.my/pendidikan/kampus/kecemerlangan-pendidikan- upsi-1.714487</p><p></p><p>Vygotsky. L. S. (1978). Mind in the society: The development of higher psychological process.</p><p>Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</p><p></p><p>Wang, A., & Tahir, R. (2020). The effect of using Kahoot! for learning A literature review.</p><p>Computers & Education, 149, 103818.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103818</p><p></p><p>Wang, A., Saetre, R., & Zhu, M. (2016). The Effect of Digitizing and Gamifying Quizzing in</p><p>Classrooms. In 10th European Conference on Game Based Learning (ECGBL). Paisley, Scotland.</p><p>Retrieved from</p><p></p><p>Wang, A. (2015). The wear out effect of a game-based student response system. Computers</p><p> & Education, 82, 217-227.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.004</p><p></p><p>Wang, L., Bruce, C. & Hughes, H., (2011). Sociocultural theories and their application in</p><p>information literacy research and education. Australian Academic & Research Libraries, 42(4),</p><p>296-308.</p><p></p><p>Wang, M., & Holcombe, R. (2010). Adolescents Perceptions of School Environment, Engagement, and</p><p>Academic Achievement in Middle School. American Educational Research Journal,</p><p>47(3), 633-662.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831209361209</p><p></p><p>Wieser, C. (2013). Classroom dynamics. In J. Ainsworth (Ed.), Sociology of education: An a-to-z</p><p>guide (Vol. 1, pp. 123-123). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452276151.n69</p><p></p><p>Wellington, J., & Osborne, J. (2010). Language and literacy in science education.</p><p>Buckingham: Open Univ. Press.</p><p></p><p>Willms, J. D., Friesen, S. & Milton, P. (2009). What did you do in school today? Transforming</p><p>classrooms through social, academic and intellectual</p><p>engagement. (First National Report) Toronto: Canadian Education Association.</p><p></p><p>Woldemichael, D. E. (2018). Enhancing active learning in large classes using web clicker. Pertanika</p><p>Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26(1), 111120.</p><p></p><p>Yunus, M. M., Kwan, L., Said, N. E., Karim, K., Jani, R., & Shamsul, M. A. (2012). Educational</p><p>gaming: The influence of video games on ESL students writing skills. In WSEAS International</p><p>Conference. Proceedings. Recent Advances in Computer Engineering Series (No. 7) (pp. 355-360).</p><p>WSEAS. Retrieved from http://www. wseas.us/e-library/conferences/2012/Vienna/ COMPUTERS/</p><p>COMPUTERS-57.pdf</p><p></p><p>Yvonne Jain, Beh, K. L., & Gurnam Kaur Sidhu. (2012). The Attitudes of Freshman Undergraduates in</p><p>Learning English as a Second Language. Asian Journal of University Education, 8(1), 85-106.</p><p></p><p>Zainal Abidin Sayadi. (2007). An Investigation into First Year Engineering Students Oral</p><p>Classroom Participation: A Case Study. Unpublished Master Thesis.</p><p>Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: UTM [Universiti Teknologi Malaysia].</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>

Similar Items