Potential use of biochar from jackfruit waste (Artocarpus heterophyllus lam) as heavy metal removal agent
<p>Conversion of agricultural waste products into biochar is regarded as one of several recycling and disposal options. The study aimed to use biochar from jackfruit waste as an agent for heavy metals removal. Jackfruit waste was selected in this study due to its abundance in Malaysia....
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| Format: | thesis |
| Language: | eng |
| Published: |
2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8570 |
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| Summary: | <p>Conversion of agricultural waste products into biochar is regarded as one of several recycling and disposal options. The study aimed to use biochar from jackfruit waste as an agent for heavy metals removal. Jackfruit waste was selected in this study due to its abundance in Malaysia. The jackfruit waste was thermally activated by phosphoric acid at 500 oC. Analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), surface area measurement (BET method), Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized biochars. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized biochars were examined using different conditions to determine their usefulness for heavy metals adsorption. The surface morphology of biochars revealed the distributions of numerous cavities, cracks and small pits over the surface with pore size ranged from 3.25 3.78 nm. The biochars were mainly macroporous with BET surface area of 3.64 m2/g (biochar peel) and 4.25 m2/g (biochar seed). The produced biochars displayed low cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 5.640.47 meq /g and 6.36 0.05 meq /g with a bulk density of 0.7 0.1 kg/cm3 and 0.60.1 kg/cm3. The best conditions for the removal of heavy metals were 0.1g biochar loading, 100 mg/L metal ions concentration and at pH 7. The adsorption process was spontaneously endothermal for the peel while exothermal for the seed. The experimental data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second order kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacity of metal ions was in the sequence of Fe =4.40 mg/g < Pb=10.1 mg/g < Cu= 17.5 mg/g < Cd =20.0 mg/g < Mn =76.9 mg/g for peel and Fe =1.80 mg/g < Cd =52.6 mg/g < Mn =69.9 mg/g < Pb=76.9 mg/g < Cu= 116.7 mg/g for seed at pH 7. In conclusion, biochars synthesized from jackfruit wastes show the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second order are the best-fitting modelsfor heavy metals removal especially Cu (II) ions in wastewater. In implication, biochar from jackfruit waste may serve as an environmentally friendly heavy metals removal for the wastewater industry.</p> |
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