An Analysis of mental toughness in outdoor adventure program among diploma level intervarsity athletes

An Analysis of mental toughness in outdoor adventure program among diploma level intervarsity athletes

<p>This study addressed four main purposes, which are: (1) to examine the effects of</p><p>outdoor adventure program towards participants mental toughness; (2) to investigate the influence</p><p>of socio demographic variables on t...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Mohd Shariman Shafie
Format: thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2013
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8936
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:8936
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language eng
topic
spellingShingle
Mohd Shariman Shafie
An Analysis of mental toughness in outdoor adventure program among diploma level intervarsity athletes
description <p>This study addressed four main purposes, which are: (1) to examine the effects of</p><p>outdoor adventure program towards participants mental toughness; (2) to investigate the influence</p><p>of socio demographic variables on the improvement of mental toughness; (3) to identify which of the</p><p>psychological factors of Model of Mental Toughness (Loehr, 1986) that are mostly affected by</p><p>outdoor adventure program; and (4) to determine the primary outdoor activity that affects participant mental toughness. This study</p><p>utilized pre and post quasi experimental with control group design. The 42 items of Psychological</p><p>Performance Inventory (PPI; Loehr, 1986) was administered among 265 (n = 165, experimental group; n</p><p>= 100, control group) diploma level intervarsity athletes and age in a range of 17-30 years old.</p><p>The primary finding of this study supported that outdoor adventure camp is effective in improving</p><p>participants mental toughness. This study found that only the socio demographic variables of: (1)</p><p>types of sports; (2) category of sports; and (3) level of participation had significant influences</p><p>on participants mental toughness improvement. The study also highlighted three psychological</p><p>factors of: (1) self confidence; (2) negative energy control; and (3) attention control indicated</p><p>significant improvement as a result of the camp. Survival activity was ranked as the most</p><p>influential activity toward mental toughness improvement. Implications of the findings provide</p><p>evidences on the effectiveness of outdoor adventure program in improving participants mental</p><p>toughness. This study also addressed the importance of specific design outdoor adventure program</p><p>for improving mental toughness. The study also provides an empirical data for future</p><p>study in this field.</p><p></p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author Mohd Shariman Shafie
author_facet Mohd Shariman Shafie
author_sort Mohd Shariman Shafie
title An Analysis of mental toughness in outdoor adventure program among diploma level intervarsity athletes
title_short An Analysis of mental toughness in outdoor adventure program among diploma level intervarsity athletes
title_full An Analysis of mental toughness in outdoor adventure program among diploma level intervarsity athletes
title_fullStr An Analysis of mental toughness in outdoor adventure program among diploma level intervarsity athletes
title_full_unstemmed An Analysis of mental toughness in outdoor adventure program among diploma level intervarsity athletes
title_sort analysis of mental toughness in outdoor adventure program among diploma level intervarsity athletes
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Kejurulatihan
publishDate 2013
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8936
_version_ 1776104581711790080
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:89362023-05-11 An Analysis of mental toughness in outdoor adventure program among diploma level intervarsity athletes 2013 Mohd Shariman Shafie <p>This study addressed four main purposes, which are: (1) to examine the effects of</p><p>outdoor adventure program towards participants mental toughness; (2) to investigate the influence</p><p>of socio demographic variables on the improvement of mental toughness; (3) to identify which of the</p><p>psychological factors of Model of Mental Toughness (Loehr, 1986) that are mostly affected by</p><p>outdoor adventure program; and (4) to determine the primary outdoor activity that affects participant mental toughness. This study</p><p>utilized pre and post quasi experimental with control group design. The 42 items of Psychological</p><p>Performance Inventory (PPI; Loehr, 1986) was administered among 265 (n = 165, experimental group; n</p><p>= 100, control group) diploma level intervarsity athletes and age in a range of 17-30 years old.</p><p>The primary finding of this study supported that outdoor adventure camp is effective in improving</p><p>participants mental toughness. This study found that only the socio demographic variables of: (1)</p><p>types of sports; (2) category of sports; and (3) level of participation had significant influences</p><p>on participants mental toughness improvement. The study also highlighted three psychological</p><p>factors of: (1) self confidence; (2) negative energy control; and (3) attention control indicated</p><p>significant improvement as a result of the camp. Survival activity was ranked as the most</p><p>influential activity toward mental toughness improvement. Implications of the findings provide</p><p>evidences on the effectiveness of outdoor adventure program in improving participants mental</p><p>toughness. This study also addressed the importance of specific design outdoor adventure program</p><p>for improving mental toughness. The study also provides an empirical data for future</p><p>study in this field.</p><p></p> 2013 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8936 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=8936 text eng closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Kejurulatihan <p>Allain, M. (1996). The effect of adventure-based experiential training (ABET) on team</p><p>cohesion. Dalhouise University, Halifax: University Microfilms International.</p><p></p><p>American Camp Association. (2005). Directions: Youth Development Outcomes of the Camp Experience.</p><p>Martinsville: American Camp Association.</p><p></p><p>Anizu, M., Kumaraswamy, N., Singh, R. & Rusli, M. (2003). Mental toughness profile as one of</p><p>predictor of injuries among Malaysian professional football players. Paper Presented at the Seminar</p><p>Kebangsaan Memperkasakan Sistem Pendidikan, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Austin M. L., Martin, B., Mittelstaedt, R., Schanning, K., & Ogle, D. (2009). Outdoor Orientation</p><p>Program Effects: Sense of Place and Social Benefits. Journal of Experiential Education, 31(3),</p><p>435439.</p><p></p><p>Baninajarian, N. & Zulhamri A. (2009). Groups in Context: A Model of group effectiveness. European</p><p>Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2), 335-340.</p><p></p><p>Bernama. (2012, July 31). Malaysian athletes at Olympics lack mental strength. The Star Online.</p><p>Retrieved on 31 July, 2012, from http:// thestar.com.my/news/sto</p><p>ry.asp?file=/2012/7/31/nation/20120731191733&sec=nation.</p><p></p><p>Boyle, I. (2002). The impact of outdoor adventure-based training on team cohesion and psychological</p><p>skills development in elite sporting teams. Unpublished Ed.D., University of Wollogong, Wollogong.</p><p></p><p>Bull, S., Shambrook, C, James, W., & Brooks, E. (2005). Towards an understanding of mental</p><p>toughness in elite English cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 209-227.</p><p></p><p>Butt, J., Weinberg, R., & Cuip, B. (2010). Exploring Mental Toughness in NCAA Athletes. Joumal of</p><p>Intercollegiate Sport, 3, 316-332.</p><p></p><p>Connole, I. (2009) Towards an understanding of mental toughness in high School boys' basketball.</p><p>California State University, Fullerton: ProQuest LLC.</p><p></p><p>Cresswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative & quantitative approaches.</p><p>Thousand Oaks: Saga Publication.</p><p></p><p>Crust, L. (2008). A review and conceptual re-examination of mental toughness: Implications for</p><p>future researchers. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 576-583.</p><p></p><p>Crust, L. & Azadi, K. (2010). Mental toughness and athletes use of psychological</p><p>strategies. European Journal of Sport Science, 10(1), 43-51.</p><p></p><p>Darst, P. W., & Armstrong, G. P. (1980). Outdoor adventure activities for school and</p><p>recreation programs. Prospects Height, IL: Wave land.</p><p></p><p>Dickson, T. J., Gray, T. & Mann, K. (2008). Australian outdoor adventure activity benefits</p><p>catalogue. University of Canberra, 2-31.</p><p></p><p>Dillon. J., Rickinson, M., Teamey, K., Morris, M., Choi, M. Y., Sanders, D. & Benefield, P. (2006).</p><p>The value of outdoor learning: evidence from research in the UK and elsewhere. School Science</p><p>Review, 87(320), 107-110.</p><p></p><p>Ewert, A. W., (1989). Outdoor Adventure Pursuits: Foundations, models, and theories. Scottdale, AZ:</p><p>Publishing Horizons, Inc.</p><p></p><p>Fourie, S., & Potgieter, J. R. (2001). The nature of mental toughness in sport. South African</p><p>Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education & Recreation, 23, 62-73.</p><p></p><p>Gatzemann, T., Schweizer, K. & Hummel, A. (2008). Effectiveness of sports activities with an</p><p>orientation on experiential education, adventure-based learning and outdoor-education.</p><p>Effectiveness of Sports: Kinesiology, 40(2), 146-152.</p><p></p><p>Godbey, G. (2009). Outdoor recreation, health, and wellness: Understanding and enhancing the</p><p>relationship. Resources for the Future, 2-29.</p><p></p><p>Gould, D., Hodge, K., Peterson, K., & Petlichkoff, L. (1987). Psychological foundations of</p><p>coaching: Similarities and differences among intercollegiate wrestling coaches. Sports</p><p>Psychologist, 1, 293-308.</p><p></p><p>Gratton, C., & Jones, I. (2004). Research methods for studies. London: Routlegde. Grimshaw, J.,</p><p>Campbell, M., Eccles, M., & Steen, N. (2000). Experimental and quasi-</p><p>experimental designs for evaluating strategies. Family Practices, 17, 11-18.</p><p></p><p>Gucciardi, D. F., & Gordon, S. (2008). Personal constructs psychology and the research interview:</p><p>The example of mental toughness in sport. Personal Construct Theory & Practice, 5, 119-130.</p><p></p><p>Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2008). Towards an understanding of mental toughness</p><p>in Australian football. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20, 261-281.</p><p></p><p>Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2009a). Advancing mental toughness research and</p><p>theory using personal construct psychology. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology,</p><p>2, 54-72.</p><p></p><p>Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2009b). Evaluation of a mental toughness training</p><p>program for youth-aged Australian footballers: I. A</p><p>Quatitative Analysis. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21, 307-323.</p><p></p><p>Guite, L.D. (2002). Adventure education: Impact on team building, trust and</p><p>cooperation. Unpublished masters thesis: University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.</p><p></p><p>Hanif A. R. (2009). The effect of outdoor education on students social emotional competencies</p><p>development and engagement in classroom. Paper presented at Fourth International Outdoor Education</p><p>Research Conference, La Trobe University, Beechworth, Victoria, Australia.</p><p></p><p>Henley Centre Headlight Vision (2005). A report for Natural Englands outdoor recreation strategy,</p><p>3-28.</p><p></p><p>Hogg, C. (2007). An assessment of mental toughness in rugby union. Unpublished masters thesis,</p><p>Gloucester Academy, England.</p><p></p><p>Holland, J.G. M., Woodcock, C., Cumming, J., & Duda L. J. (2010). Mental qualities and employed</p><p>mental techniques of young elite team sport athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4,</p><p>19-38.</p><p></p><p>Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2002). What is this called mental toughness? An</p><p>investigation of elite sport performers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 205-218.</p><p></p><p>Kuan, G. & Roy, J. (2007). Goal profiles, mental toughness and its influence on performance</p><p>outcomes among Wushu athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences and Medicine, 6, 28-33.</p><p></p><p>Loehr, J. E. (1982). Athletic excellence: Mental toughness training for sports. New York: Forum</p><p>Publishing Company.</p><p></p><p>Loehr, J. E. (1986). Mental toughness training for sports: Achieving athletic excellence.</p><p>Lexington, MA: Stephen Greene Press.</p><p></p><p>Mack, M. G., & Ragan B. G. (2008). Development of the mental, emotional, and bodily toughness</p><p>inventory in collegiate athletes and non athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 43(2), 125-132.</p><p></p><p>Martin, S. C. (2009). The influence of outdoor school yard experiences on elementary students</p><p>environmental knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and comfort level. University of Florida.</p><p></p><p>Md. Taff, M.A (2010). Effects of a residential outdoor education camp on environmental attitudes of</p><p>first year undergraduate students from selected Malaysian universities. Unpublished doctoral</p><p>dissertation, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.</p><p></p><p>Middleton, S. C., Marsh, H. M., Martin, A. J., Richards, G. E., & Perry, C. (2004a). Discovering</p><p>mental toughness: A qualitative study of mental toughness in elite</p><p>athletes. Psychology Today, 22, 60-72.</p><p></p><p>Middleton, S. C., Marsh, H. M., Martin, A. J., Richards, G. E., & Perry, C. (2004b). Mental</p><p>Toughness: Is the mental toughness test tough enough? International Journal of Sport & Exercise</p><p>Science, 35, 19-108.</p><p></p><p>Middleton, S. C., Marsh, H. M., Martin, A. J., Richards, G. E., & Perry, C. (2004c). Developing</p><p>Mental Toughness Inventory (MTI). Self Research Centre Biannual Conference, Berlin.</p><p></p><p>Mohamad N. A., Omar F. M. S., & Abu S. B. (2009). The affect of higher score of mental toughness in</p><p>the early stage of the leagues towards winning Malaysian football players. Research Journal of</p><p>International Studies, 12, 68-78.</p><p></p><p>Neill, J. (2001). The Impact of outward bound challenge courses on disadvantaged youth. Unpublished</p><p>manuscript, University of Canberra.</p><p></p><p>Nideffer, R. M. (2007). Reliability and validity of the attentional and interpersonal style(TAIS)</p><p>inventory concentration scales. In Smith, S., & Bar-Eli, M. (Eds), Essential Readings in Sport</p><p>and Exercise Psychology (pp. 265-277). Champaign, EL: Human Kinetics.</p><p></p><p>Norris, E. K. (1999). Epistemologies of champions: A discursive analysis champions retrospective</p><p>attributions; Looking back and looking within. Michigan: Michigan University Microfilms</p><p>International.</p><p></p><p>Outward Bound Malaysia. (1999). History of Outward Bound Malaysia, Lumut.</p><p>Retrieved 16 May, 2011, from http://www.obslumut.org./</p><p></p><p>Passarelli, A., Hall, E., & Anderson, M. (2010). A strengths-based approach to outdoo and adventure</p><p>education: possibilities for personal growth. Journal of Experiential Education, 33(2), 120132.</p><p></p><p>Powers, D. L. (2004).The effects of an outdoor education program on life effectiveness skills of</p><p>participants. California State University.</p><p></p><p>Priest, S. & Gass, A. M. (2003). Effective Leadership in Adventure Programming (2 ed). Human</p><p>Kinetics. University of New Hampshire.</p><p></p><p>Sheard, M., & Golby, J. (2006). The efficacy of an outdoor adventure education curriculum on</p><p>selected aspects of selected positive psychological development. The Journal of Experiential</p><p>Education, 29(2), 187-209.</p><p></p><p>Simmon, D. (2004). American outdoor recreation participation continues six years ascent. Retrieved</p><p>1 January, 2011, from http://www.outdoorindustry.org/press</p><p>.oia.php?news._id=708&sort_year=2004.</p><p></p><p>Singh, P., Fook C. Y., & Sidhu G. K. (2006). A comprehensive guide to writing a</p><p>research proposal. London: Venton Professional.</p><p></p><p>Taylor, F.L. (1989). The influence of Outdoor Adventure Recreation class on personality type,</p><p>locus control, self esteem, and selected issues of identity development of college students.</p><p>University of San Francisco: University Microfilms International.</p><p></p><p>Thomas, J. R., & Nelson, J. K. (2001). Research method in physical activity (4 ed.).</p><p>Illinois: Kuman Kinetics.</p><p></p><p>Tripathi, R., & Singh, T. (2009). Relationship of perceived motivational climate to goal</p><p>orientation and mental toughness of male and female student athletes. Human Kinetics: Journal of</p><p>Physical Education. 10(2), 5-13.</p><p></p><p>Tuckman, B. W., & Jensen, M. A. (1977). Stage of small group development revisited. Group and</p><p>Organizational Studies, 2, 419-427.</p><p></p><p>Virden J. R. (2006). Outdoor and Adventure Recreation. Introduction to Recreation and</p><p>Leisure.Illnois: Human Kinetics.</p><p></p><p>Wahid, N. H. (2011, April 24). MSN sedia atlet lebih berwibawa; Pembinaan karektor persiapan</p><p>Olimpik London 2012. Harian Metro, pp.61.</p><p></p><p>Wagner, K. (2010). The Mental Skills and Characteristics Related to a Major League Baseball</p><p>Player's Performance: A Qualitative Study. Alliant International University San Diego: ProQuest</p><p>LLC.</p><p></p><p>Wang J. C. K., Liu W.C. & Kahlid A. (2006) Effects of a five-day Outward Bound course on female</p><p>students in Singapore. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 10(2), 20-28.</p><p></p><p>Webb, D. J. (1999). Recreational outdoor adventure programs. In J. C. Miles & S. Priest (Eds.),</p><p>Adventure programming. State College. PA: Venture.</p><p></p><p>Zakaria, J. (2008). The effects of National Service programme in Perlis state on group</p><p>cohesion. Unpublished masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang.</p><p></p>

Similar Items