Pembangunan dan pengujian kebolehgunaan aplikasi Augmented Reality, Carbon-ARy bagi tajuk sebatian karbon dalam matapelajaran Kimia

<p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan sebuah aplikasi Augmented Reality</p><p>Carbon-ARy yang mengandungi tajuk Sebatian Karbon sekolah menengah sebagai</p><p>sebuah alat bantu mengajar yang boleh diguna pakai semasa sesi pen...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Izzul Syahmi Che Russlee
Format: thesis
Language:zsm
Published: 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9662
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:9662
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
collection UPSI Digital Repository
language zsm
topic QD Chemistry
spellingShingle QD Chemistry
Izzul Syahmi Che Russlee
Pembangunan dan pengujian kebolehgunaan aplikasi Augmented Reality, Carbon-ARy bagi tajuk sebatian karbon dalam matapelajaran Kimia
description <p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan sebuah aplikasi Augmented Reality</p><p>Carbon-ARy yang mengandungi tajuk Sebatian Karbon sekolah menengah sebagai</p><p>sebuah alat bantu mengajar yang boleh diguna pakai semasa sesi pengajaran dan</p><p>pembelajaran Kimia. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian Pembangunan</p><p>berdasarkan model ADDIE. Pemilihan responden adalah menggunakan kaedah</p><p>Persampelan Bertujuan bagi mentadbir Kaji Selidik Analisis Keperluan Pembangunan</p><p>Aplikasi dan Kaji Selidik Kebolehgunaan Aplikasi. Pengujian kebolehgunaan turut</p><p>dilaksanakan terhadap lima orang guru Kimia. Hasil kesahan pakar memperoleh nilai</p><p>pekali 0.93 bagi Content Validity Index dan diterima, Dapatan kebolehgunaan,</p><p>mencatatkan nilai min yang tinggi bagi enam atribut yang dinilai iaitu; (i) keserasian</p><p>guru dengan aplikasi (min: 70, sisihan piawai: 35.45), (ii) reka bentuk dan paparan</p><p>aplikasi (min: 71, sisihan piawai: 30.23), (iii) keberkesanan antara muka aplikasi (min:</p><p>80, sisihan piawai: 16.32), (iv) kebolehpercayaan dan kesahan kandungan aplikasi</p><p>(min: 100, sisihan piawai: 0), (v) kemampuan aplikasi sebagai bahan sokongan</p><p>pembelajaran (min: 96.66, sisihan piawai: 8.16), dan (vi) kebolehoperasian aplikasi</p><p>(min: 86.66, sisihan piawai: 20.65). Sebagai implikasi, kajian ini berjaya satu inovasi</p><p>pendidikan melalui penghasilan aplikasi Augmented Reality, Carbon-ARy bagi tajuk</p><p>Sebatian Karbon dalam subjek Kimia. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini telah berjaya</p><p>membangunkan aplikasi Augmented Reality, Carbon-ARy yang mempunyai kesahan</p><p>dan kebolehgunaan yang baik.</p>
format thesis
qualification_name
qualification_level Master's degree
author Izzul Syahmi Che Russlee
author_facet Izzul Syahmi Che Russlee
author_sort Izzul Syahmi Che Russlee
title Pembangunan dan pengujian kebolehgunaan aplikasi Augmented Reality, Carbon-ARy bagi tajuk sebatian karbon dalam matapelajaran Kimia
title_short Pembangunan dan pengujian kebolehgunaan aplikasi Augmented Reality, Carbon-ARy bagi tajuk sebatian karbon dalam matapelajaran Kimia
title_full Pembangunan dan pengujian kebolehgunaan aplikasi Augmented Reality, Carbon-ARy bagi tajuk sebatian karbon dalam matapelajaran Kimia
title_fullStr Pembangunan dan pengujian kebolehgunaan aplikasi Augmented Reality, Carbon-ARy bagi tajuk sebatian karbon dalam matapelajaran Kimia
title_full_unstemmed Pembangunan dan pengujian kebolehgunaan aplikasi Augmented Reality, Carbon-ARy bagi tajuk sebatian karbon dalam matapelajaran Kimia
title_sort pembangunan dan pengujian kebolehgunaan aplikasi augmented reality, carbon-ary bagi tajuk sebatian karbon dalam matapelajaran kimia
granting_institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
granting_department Fakulti Sains dan Matematik
publishDate 2022
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9662
_version_ 1783730287755132928
spelling oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:96622023-11-07 Pembangunan dan pengujian kebolehgunaan aplikasi Augmented Reality, Carbon-ARy bagi tajuk sebatian karbon dalam matapelajaran Kimia 2022 Izzul Syahmi Che Russlee QD Chemistry <p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan sebuah aplikasi Augmented Reality</p><p>Carbon-ARy yang mengandungi tajuk Sebatian Karbon sekolah menengah sebagai</p><p>sebuah alat bantu mengajar yang boleh diguna pakai semasa sesi pengajaran dan</p><p>pembelajaran Kimia. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian Pembangunan</p><p>berdasarkan model ADDIE. Pemilihan responden adalah menggunakan kaedah</p><p>Persampelan Bertujuan bagi mentadbir Kaji Selidik Analisis Keperluan Pembangunan</p><p>Aplikasi dan Kaji Selidik Kebolehgunaan Aplikasi. Pengujian kebolehgunaan turut</p><p>dilaksanakan terhadap lima orang guru Kimia. Hasil kesahan pakar memperoleh nilai</p><p>pekali 0.93 bagi Content Validity Index dan diterima, Dapatan kebolehgunaan,</p><p>mencatatkan nilai min yang tinggi bagi enam atribut yang dinilai iaitu; (i) keserasian</p><p>guru dengan aplikasi (min: 70, sisihan piawai: 35.45), (ii) reka bentuk dan paparan</p><p>aplikasi (min: 71, sisihan piawai: 30.23), (iii) keberkesanan antara muka aplikasi (min:</p><p>80, sisihan piawai: 16.32), (iv) kebolehpercayaan dan kesahan kandungan aplikasi</p><p>(min: 100, sisihan piawai: 0), (v) kemampuan aplikasi sebagai bahan sokongan</p><p>pembelajaran (min: 96.66, sisihan piawai: 8.16), dan (vi) kebolehoperasian aplikasi</p><p>(min: 86.66, sisihan piawai: 20.65). Sebagai implikasi, kajian ini berjaya satu inovasi</p><p>pendidikan melalui penghasilan aplikasi Augmented Reality, Carbon-ARy bagi tajuk</p><p>Sebatian Karbon dalam subjek Kimia. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini telah berjaya</p><p>membangunkan aplikasi Augmented Reality, Carbon-ARy yang mempunyai kesahan</p><p>dan kebolehgunaan yang baik.</p> 2022 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9662 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9662 text zsm closedAccess Masters Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Sains dan Matematik <p>Abdul Said Ambotang, & Haslinda Abd. Gaffar. (2017). Aplikasi luasan realiti: Keperluan terhadap kemahiran sinergi pendidik. Utusan Borneo.</p><p>Alam, G. M., Forhad, A. R., & Ismail, I. A. (2020). Can Education as an International Commodity be the Backbone or Cane of A Nation in The Era of Fourth Industrial Revolution? - A Comparative Study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 159, 120184. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120184</p><p>Aldoobie, N. (2015). ADDIE Model. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 5(6), 6872.</p><p>Alesina, A., Giuliano, P., & Reich, B. (2021). Nation-Building and Education. The Economic Journal, 131(638), 22732303. https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueab001</p><p>Alkan, F., & Koak, C. (2015). Chemistry Laboratory Applications Supported with Simulation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176, 970977.</p><p>Almanasreh, E., Moles, R., & Chen, T. F. (2019). Evaluation of methods used for estimating content validity. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 15(2), 214221. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.03.066</p><p>Alshatri, S. H. H., Wakil, K., Jamal, K., & Bakhtyar, R. (2019). Teaching Aids Effectiveness In Learning Mathematics. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 4(3), 448453.</p><p>Amelia Adam. (2019). Cabaran Pengintegrasian Pendidikan STEM Dalam Kurikulum Malaysia. Seminar Wacana Pendidikan.</p><p>Amirafiza Zaitun Mohd Jackie, Muhammad Faizal A. Ghani, & Faisol Elham. (2016). Keberkesanan Pengajaran Guru Tadika: Satu Kajian Awal. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan.</p><p>Analisa Hamdan, Rosseni Din, & Siti Zuraida. (2012). Penerimaan M-Pembelajaran Dalam Sistem Pendidikan Di Malaysia Melalui The Unified Theory Of Acceptance And Use Of Technology (UTAUT): Satu Analisis Literatur.</p><p>Artman, L., & Cahan, S. (1993). Schooling And The Development Of Transitive Inference. Developmental Psychology, 29, 753759.</p><p>Ausubel, D., Novak, J., & Hanesian, H. (1978). Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View. New York: Rinehart & Winston.</p><p>Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum. (2016a). Buku Penerangan Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah. Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum. (2016b). Panduan Pelaksanaan Sains, Teknologi, Kejututeraan dan Matematik (STEM) dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum. (2017). Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM). Malaysia: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Bahagian Pengurusan Maklumat. (2018). Pelan Tranformasi ICT Kementerian Pendidikan 2019-2023. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Bahagian Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan; (2000). Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Perancangan Pendidikan ke-146: Dasar 60:40 Aliran Sains/Teknikal:Sastera : Sejauh Mana Pelaksanaannya Tercapai. Putrajaya.</p><p>Baharudin Harun. (2015). Pembelajaran interaktif e-learning mencorakkan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi. In Maimun Aqasha Lubis, Siti Hasanah Ahmad Shah, Wan Nur Fatiha Mat Daud, & Norazati Kifli (Eds.), Proceeding the 7th international workshop and conference of ASEAN Studies on islamic and arabic education and civilization (POLTAN-UKM-POLIMED). Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p>Bastien, J. (2009). Usability Testing: A Review of Some Methodological And Technical Aspects of The Method. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 79, 1823.</p><p>Brook, R. L. (2014). Using The ADDIE Model To Create An Online Strength Training Program: An Exploration. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.</p><p>Browning, R., Swink, R. L., Chambliss, J. J., Shimahara, N., Chen, T. H., & Anweiler, O. (2019). Encyclopedia Britannica: Education.</p><p>Campbell, D., & Fiske, D. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56 2, 81105.</p><p>Carlos, F., Sergio, I.-S., & Carlos, O. (2019). The Impact of Virtual, Augmented And Mixed Reality Technologies on The Customer Experience. Journal of Business Research, 100(July), 547560.</p><p>Carstens, K. J., Mallon, J. M., Bataineh, M., & Al-Bataineh, A. (2021). Effects of Technology on Student Learning. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 20(1).</p><p>Challen, C., Yao, P., Bhargava, A., & Caves, C. (2020). Outcomes of Introducing A Mobile Interactive Learning Resource: Medical Students Commentary on Prolonged Use. Medical Science Educator, 30(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-019-00900-4</p><p>Chambers, J. H. (1991). The Difference Between The Abstract Concepts Of Science and The General Concepts of Empirical Educational Research. The Journal of Educational Thought, 25(1), 4149.</p><p>Chang, B., Xu, R., & Watt, T. (2018). The Impact of Colors on Learning. Adult Education Research Conference. Victoria, BC Canada: New Prairie Press.</p><p>Cheng, K.-H., & Tsai, C.-C. (2013). Affordances of Augmented Reality In Science Learning: Suggestions for Future Research. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 22(4), 449462.</p><p>Chong Keat Meng, & Mageswary Karpudewan. (2017). The Effects of Classroom Learning Environment and Laboratory Learning Environment on the Attitude Towards Learning Science in The 21st Century Science Lesson. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, (Special Issue), 2545.</p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2011). Kaedah dan Statistik Penyelidikan: Kaedah Penyelidikan. McGraw Hill Education.</p><p>Danakorn Nincarean Eh Phon, Mohamad Bilal Ali, & Noor Dayana Abd Halim. (2013). Potensi Teknologi Augmented Reality Dalam Pembelajaran Sains: Satu Tinjauan Terhadap Penyelidikan Lepas. 2nd International Seminar on Quality and Affordable Education (ISQAE 2013), 326336.</p><p>Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. (2005). Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p>Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2009). The Systematic Design of Instruction (7th ed.). New Jersey: Merrell/Pearson.</p><p>Dignath, C., & Bttner, G. (2008). Components of Fostering Self-Regulated Learning Among Students. A Meta-Analysis on Intervention Studies at Primary and Secondary School Level. Metacognition and Learning, 3(3), 231264.</p><p>Dunser, A., Grasset, R., Seichter, H., & Billinghurst, M. (2008). Applying HCI Principles to AR System Design.</p><p>Edy Hafizan Mohd Shahali, Ihsan Ismail, & Lilia Halim. (2017). STEM Education in Malaysia: Policy, Trajectories and Initiatives. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p>Endsley, M. R., & Jones, D. G. (2004). Designing for Situation Awareness an Approach to User-Centered Design. Boca Raton, Florida: Taylor & Francis Group.</p><p>Erfan Priyambodo, & Safira Wulaningrum. (2017). Using chemistry teaching aids based local wisdom as an alternative media for chemistry teaching and learning. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 6(4), 295298.</p><p>Esther Rani Doraiseriyan. (2020). Tinjauan keperluan terhadap pembinaan permainan dalam pembelajaran tajuk garam bagi pelajar tingkatan 4. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p>Fardanesh, H. (2006). A Classification of Constructivist Instructional Design Models Based on Learning and Teaching Approaches. Retrieved from Tarbiat Moderas University website: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED491713.pdf</p><p>Fatin Aliah Phang, Mohd Salleh Abu, Mohamad Bilal Ali, & Salmiza Salleh. (2013). Faktor Penyumbang Kepada Kemerosotan Penyertaan Pelajar Dalam Aliran Sains : Satu Analisis Sorotan Tesis. Sains Humanika, 2 (4)(Special Issue on Education). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v2n4.469</p><p>Fatin Aliah Phang, Noorzana Khamis, Nina Diana Nawi, & Jaysuman Pusppanathan. (2020). TIMSS 2019 Science Grade 8: Where is Malaysia standing? ASEAN Journal of Engineering Education, 4(3), 3744.</p><p>Faulkner, L. (2003). Beyond the Five-User Assumption: Benefits of Increased Sample Sizes in Usability Testing. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 35(3), 379383.</p><p>Freitas, R., & Campos, P. (2006). SMART: A System of Augmented Reality for Teaching 2nd Grade Students. Proceedings of the 22nd British CHI Group Annual Conference on HCI 2008: People and Computers XXII: Culture, Creativity, Interaction - Volume 2,. Liverpool, United Kingdom.</p><p>Gagne, R. M. (1985). The conditions of learning theory of instruction (4th Edition). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.</p><p>George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS Statistics 26 Step by Step (16th ed.). New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.</p><p>Ghazali Darusalam, & Sufean Hussin. (2016). Metodologi Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan : Amalan dan Analisis Kajian.</p><p>Gilbert, J. K. (2005). Visualisation: A metacognitive skill in science and science education. In J. K. Gilbert (Ed.), Visualisation in Science Education. Netherland: Springer.</p><p>Guna, J., Gerak, G., Humara, I., Song, J., Drnovek, J., & Pogacnik, M. (2018). Influence of Video Content Type on Users Virtual Reality Sickness, Perception and Physiological Response. Future Generation Computer Systems, 91(February), 263276.</p><p>Haliza Abdul Rahman. (2016). Mendefinisikan Semula Pembangunan di Malaysia (Redefinition of development in Malaysia).</p><p>Hardre, P. L., & Chen, C.-H. (2005). A Case Study Analysis of the Role of Instructional Design in the Development of Teaching Expertise. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 18(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-8327.2005.tb00325.x</p><p>Heim, M. (1998). Virtual realitism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</p><p>Heinich, R., Molenda, M., Russell, J. D., & Smaldino, S. E. (1999). Instructional media and technologies for learning (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ.: Pearson Education Limited.</p><p>Hertzum, M. (2016). Usability Testing: Too Early? Too Much Talking? Too Many Problems? Journal of Usability Studies, 11(3), 8388.</p><p>Hokanson, B., Miller, C., & Hooper, S. (2008). Role-Based Design: A Contemporary Perspective for Innovation in Instructional Design. TechTrends, 52(6), 3643.</p><p>Holzinger, A. (2005). Usability Engineering Methods for Software Developers. Communications of the ACM, 48, 7174.</p><p>Hsiao, K. L., & Chen, C. C. (2016). What Drives In-App Purchase Intention for Mobile Games? An Examination of Perceived Values and Loyalty. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 16, 1829.</p><p>Huda Rosli, Fauziah Baharom, Harryizman Harun, Ali Yusny Daud, Haslina Mohd Haslina, & Norida Muhd Darus. (2010). Using augmented reality for supporting learning human anatomy in science subject for Malaysian primary school. Kuala Lumpur.</p><p>Hussein, M., & Ntterdal, C. (2015). The Benefits of Using Virtual Reality in Education. University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg.</p><p>Irwan, Yenny Desnelita, Wilda Susanti, Gustientiedina, Dwi Oktarina, & Ramalia Noratama Putri. (2021). The Application of Computer Adaptive Test Using Expert System in E-Learning. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 25(6), 59625974.</p><p>Ishkov, A., & Leontiev, M. (2015). Interactive Teaching Methods in Small Groups of Bachelors and Construction Specialists. Procedia Engineering, 117, 142147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.135</p><p>Jakeova, J., & Kalenda, J. (2015). Self-Regulated Learning: Critical-Realistic Conceptualization. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 171, 178189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.105</p><p>Kaikkonen, A., Kallio, T., Keklinen, A., Kankainen, A., & Cankar, M. (2005). Usability Testing of Mobile Applications: A Comparison Between Laboratory and Field Testing. Journal of Usability Studies, 1(1), 416.</p><p>Kamisah Osman, & Rohaida Mohd Saat. (2014). Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education in Malaysia. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 10(3), 153154.</p><p>Kaufmann, H. (2006). The potential of augmented reality in dynamic geometry education. In International Conference on Geometry and Graphics (ISGG). Salvador, Brazil.</p><p>Kementerian Hal Ehwal Ekonomi. (2019). Ringkasan Wawasan Kemakmuran Bersama 2030. Kuala Lumpur: Attin Press, Selangor.</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013a). Laporan strategi mencapai dasar 60: 40 aliran sains/teknikal:sastera. Putrajaya.</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013b). Pelan pembangunan pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM 2013-2025). Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Kerajaan Malaysia. (1996). Akta Pendidikan 1996. Pesuruhjaya Penyemak Undang-Undang Malaysia.</p><p>Kerawala, L., Luckin, R., Seljeflot, S., & Woolard, A. (2006). Making it real: Exploring the potential of augmented reality for teaching primary school science. Virtual Reality, 10, 163174.</p><p>Khan, J., & Liu, C. (2020). The impact of colors on human memory in learning English collocations: evidence from south Asian tertiary ESL students. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 5(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-020-00098-8</p><p>Koehler, C., Binns, I. C., & Bloom, M. A. (2016). STEM road map: A framework for integrated STEM education (C. C. . Johnson, E. E. . Peters-Burton, & T. J. Moore, Eds.). New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.</p><p>Komarudin Komarudin, Suherman Suherman, Laila Puspita, Rendo Arrafiansyah, & Umi Hasanah. (2020). Program course lab 2.4 mathematics learning media for increasing of creativity domain at Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity, 7(3), 131136.</p><p>Kravchenko, Y., Bondarenko, V., Tyshchenko, M., Herasymenko, K., Trush, O., & Starkova, O. (2020). An Expert System for Testing of Microcontroller Systems Designers. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Problems of Infocommunications. Science and Technology (PIC S&T), 791796. https://doi.org/10.1109/PICST51311.2020.9468081</p><p>Kumar Raman, Norasmah Othman, & Haryanti Mohd Affandi. (2019). Jurang Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat Dan Komunikasi (TMK) di antara Sekolah Bandar dengan Luar Bandar. Malaysian Journal of Education, 44, 109119.</p><p>Lemos, O. A. L., Silveira, F. F., Ferrari, F. C., & Garcia, A. (2016). The Impact of Software Testing Education on Code Reliability: An Empirical Assessment. The Journal of Systems & Software.</p><p>Lewis, J. (1995). IBM Computer Usability Satisfaction Questionnaires: Psychometric Evaluation and Instructions for Use. International Journal Human-Computer Interaction, 7(1), 2933. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447319509526110</p><p>Lewis, J. (2006). Usability Testing. In G. Salvendy (Ed.), Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics. John Wiley & Sons, New York.</p><p>Lim, K. Y. T., & Lim, R. (2020). Semiotics, Memory and Augmented Reality: History Education with Learner-Generated Augmentation. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(3), 673691.</p><p>Lin, H. C., Hsieh, M. C., Wang, C. H., Sie, Z. Y., & Chang, S. H. (2011). Establishment and Usability Evaluation of an Interactive AR Learning System on Conservation of Fish. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10, 181187.</p><p>Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. (2005). Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Essex, Englang: Pearson Education Limited.</p><p>Maier, P., Tnnis, M., & Klinker, G. (2009). Dynamics in tangible chemical reactions. International Conference on Chemical Engineering (ICCE), 442448.</p><p>Major, L., & Watson, S. (2017). Using Video to Support In-Service Teacher Professional Development: The State of the Field, Limitations and Possibilities. Technology Pedagogy and Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2017.1361469</p><p>Martn-Gutirrez, J., Saorn, J. L., Contero, M., Alcaiz, M., Prez-Lpez, D. C., & Ortega, M. (2010). Design and Validation of an Augmented Book for Spatial Abilities Development. Computer and Graphics, 34(1), 7791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2009.11.003</p><p>Mathur, P. (2021). Heuristic Expert Evaluation of e-Learning Application. In V. S. Rathore, N. Dey, V. Piuri, R. Babo, Z. Polkowski, & J. M. R. S. Tavares (Eds.), Rising Threats in Expert Applications and Solutions (pp. 155162). Singapore: Springer Singapore.</p><p>Milgram, P., & Kishino, F. (1994). A Taxonomy of Mixed Visual Displays. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, 77 (12), 13211329.</p><p>Mohd Halim, Mukhamad Shokheh, M Harun, Mansoureh Ebrahimi, Zuryati Yasin, & Romadi. (2019). The Insight of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in the Higher Education System. 7, 148163.</p><p>Mok, S. S. (2007). Ilmu pendidikan untuk KPLI (Kursus Pengurusan Lepas Ijazah). Subang Jaya: Seasons Sdn. Bhd.</p><p>Muhamad Azhar Stapa, & Nazeri Mohammad. (2019). The use of ADDIE model for designing blended learning application vocational at collages in Malaysia. Asia Pasific Journal Of Educators and Education, 8(1), 4962.</p><p>Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusof. (2019). ABC of Content Validation and Content Validity Index Calculation. Education in Medicine Journal, 11(2), 4954. https://doi.org/: https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6</p><p>Muhammad Abd Hadi Bunyamin. (2015). Pendidikan STEM Bersepadu: Perspektif Global, Perkembangan Semasa di Malaysia dan Langkah Kehadapan. Buletin Persatuan Pendidikan Sains Dan Matematik Johor, 25, 16.</p><p>Muhammad Abd Hadi Bunyamin, & Finley, F. (2016). STEM education in Malaysia: Reviewing the current physics curriculum.</p><p>Nechypurenko, P., Starova, T., Selivanova, A., Tomilina, O., & Uchitel, A. D. (2018). Use of augmented reality in chemistry education. Ukraine: Publishing Center of Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University.</p><p>Newby, T., Stepich, D., Lehman, J., & Russell, J. (2002). Instructional technology for teaching and learning: designing instruction, integrating computers, and using media (2nd ed.). Ohio: Prentice-Hall.</p><p>Ngan, O. M. Y., Tang, T. L. H., Chan, A. K. Y., Chen, D. M., & Tang, M. K. (2018). Blended Learning in Anatomy Teaching for Non-Medical Students: An Innovative Approach to the Health Professions Education. Health Professions Education, 4(2), 149158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2017.11.001</p><p>Nielsen, J, & Landauer, T. K. (1993). A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems. In S. Ashlund, K. Mullet, A. Henderson, E. Hollnagel, & T. White (Eds.), Proceedings of ACM INTERCHI93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing System (pp. 206213). ACM, New York.</p><p>Nielsen, Jakob. (1993). Usability Engineering. San Francisco, California: Morgan Kaufmann.</p><p>Nielsen, Jakob. (1994). Enhancing the explanatory power of usability heuristics. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 152158.</p><p>Nielsen, Jakob. (2000). Why you only need to test with 5 users. Retrieved July 5, 2019, from Nielsen Norman Group website: https://www.nngroup.com/articles/why-you-only-need-to-test-with-5-users/</p><p>Nielsen, Jakob, & Molich, R. (1990). Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 249256.</p><p>Normah Jantan. (2016). Penerapan Budaya Kreatif dan Inovatif di Kalangan Pelajar Politeknik Merlimau Melalui PERKAYA INOVASI. Politeknik Merlimau.</p><p>Norman, D. A., & Draper, S. W. (1986). User centered system design; new perspectives on human-computer interaction. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates Inc.</p><p>Norriati Din, Shireen Haron, & Rahmah Mohd Rashid. (2016). Can Self-Directed Learning Environment Improve Quality of Life? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 222, 219227.</p><p>Noryana Mohd Nor, Corrienna Abdul Talib, Nur Wahidah Abd Hakim, Marlina Ali, Sharifah Osman, & Nor Hasniza Ibrahim. (2018). Penggunaan Sumber ICT dalam Pengajaran Kimia: Cabaran Kepada Guru Masa Kini. Innovative Teaching and Learning Journal, 2(2), 8288.</p><p>Norziha Megat Mohd Zainuddin. (2014). Aplikasi Sains Mikroorganisma untuk Pelajar Bermasalah Pendengaran Berasaskan Pendekatan Realiti Luasan. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p>Nez, M., Quirs, R., Nez, I., Carda, J. B., & Camahort, E. (2011). Collaborative Augmented Reality for Inorganic Chemistry Education. 5th WSEAS / IASME International Conference on ENGINEERING EDUCATION (EE08).</p><p>Nur Atiqah Najibah Shamsudin, & Nazatul Aini Abd Majid. (2018). Aplikasi Pembelajaran Jadual Berkala Kimia Menggunakan Teknologi Augmentasi Realiti Mudah Alih. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p>Nur Elyani Musa, & Minarnie Hadzira Mohamad. (2014). Keberkesanan penggunaan alat bahan bantu mengajar dalam pelaksanaan kursus sains kejuruteraan di kalangan pelajar Diploma Kejuruteraan di Politeknik Tuanku Sulatanah Bahiyah. Prosiding Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah.</p><p>Nur Fatahiyah Mohamed Hata, & Siti Nur Diyana Mahmud. (2020). Nur Fatahiyah Mohamed Hata & Siti Nur Diyana Mahmud. Akademika, 3(Special), 85101.</p><p>Nuryani Y. Rustaman. (2016). Pembelajaran sains masa depan berbasis STEM education. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi Edukasi 2016, SEMNAS Bio-Edu 1, 17. Sumatera Barat: Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) PGRI Sumatera Barat.</p><p>OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 assessment and analytical framework. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/b25efab8-en</p><p>Olayinka, T. A., Jumoke, T. F., & Oyebamiji, M. T. (2018). Reengineering the ASSURE Model to Curbing Problems of Technology Integration in Nigerian Learning Institutions. Research in Learning Technology, 26. https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v26.1999</p><p>Osinska, V. (2018). Visualizing the scientific information nowadays: The problems and challenges. Information Science Research, 1(1).</p><p>Panadero, E. (2017). A review of self-regulated learning: Six models and four directions for research. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(422), 128.</p><p>Panadero, E., Jonsson, A., & Botella, J. (2017). Effects of self-assessment on self-regulated learning and self-efficacy: Four meta-analyses. Educational Research Review, 22, 7298.</p><p>Pence, H. (2011). Smartphones, smart objects, and augmented reality. The Reference Librarian, 52, 135145.</p><p>Piovesan, S. D., Passerino, L. M., & Pereira, A. S. (2012). Virtual reality as a tool in the education. International Association for Development of the Information Society, 295298.</p><p>Reeves, T. C. (2012). Interactive Learning. Encyclopedia of The Sciences of Learning, 16021604. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_330</p><p>Riopel, M., & Smyrnaiou, Z. (2016). New developments in science and technology education. Switzerland: Springer.</p><p>Rosembaum, E., Klopfer, E., & Perry, J. (2007). On location learning: Authentic applied science with networked augmented realities. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16(1), 529.</p><p>Roslan Ahmad Fuad, Mohamad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip, & Fauziah Saad. (2019). Validity and Reliability of the HM-Learning Module among High School Students in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 9(1), 772787. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i1/5480</p><p>Salina Mokhtar, & Rahimi Che Aman. (2017). Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan Instrumen Kesejahteraan Psikologi Versi Bahasa Melayu. Seminar Serantau, 2732.</p><p>Schraw, G., Crippen, K. J., & Hartley, K. (2006). Promoting self-regulation in science education: metacognition as part of a broader perspective on learning. Research in Science Education, 36, 111139.</p><p>Shamsuddin, I., Ogabi, R., Adamu, A., & Adamu, M. (2018). Influence of Using Ball-And-Stick Models in Teaching Nomenclature to SS3 Chemistry Students in Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State. In Education Quarterly Reviews (Vol. 1). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.01.01.4</p><p>Shamsuddin Muhammad, & Noor Noorashikim Ibrahim. (2021). No Title. International Journal of Education, Islamic Studies and Social Sciences Research, 6(1), 15.</p><p>Shelton, B. E., & Stevens, R. R. (2004). Using Coordination Classes to Interpret Conceptual Change in Astronomical Thinking. ICLS 04 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Learning Sciences, (June), 634.</p><p>Sidek Mohd Noah, & Jamaludin Ahmad. (2005). Pembinaan modul: Bagaimana membina modul latihan dan modul akademik. Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia.</p><p>Siriwongs, P. (2015). Developing students learning ability by dint of self-directed learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 20742079.</p><p>Siti Aminah Sallehin, & Fazlinda Ab Halim. (2018). Penggunaan Alat Bahan Bantu Mengajar Berasaskan Multimedia dalam Pengajaran aan Pembelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Zon Benut. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners, (Special Issue: Multidisciplinary Research in Education).</p><p>Siti Hajar Halili. (2019). Technological Advancements in Education 4.0. Online Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning, 7(1), 6370.</p><p>Siti Nor Aisyah Ab Rahman. (2018). Meningkatkan Kemahiran Visualisasi Pelajar Tingkatan Enam Sains Menggunakan Model 3D Playdoh. Jurnal Pendidikan Tingkatan Enam, 2, 45.</p><p>Siti Nur Diyana Mahmud, Nurfaradila Mohamad Nasri, Mohd Ali Samsudin, & Lilia Halim. (2018). Science teacher education in Malaysia: challenges and way forward. Asia-Pacific Science Education, 4(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41029-018-0026-3</p><p>Skinner, B. F. (1982). Skinner for the classroom: Selected papers (R. Epstein, Ed.). Champaign IL: Research Press.</p><p>Squire, K., & Jang, M. (2007). Mad City Mystery: Developing scientific argumentation skills with a place-based augmented reality game on handheld computers. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16(1), 3145.</p><p>Squire, K., & Klopfer, E. (2007). Augmented reality simulations on handheld computers. Journal of Learning Sciences, 16(3), 371413.</p><p>Sri Ramadela Putri, & Syafriani S. (2020). Analysis development of guided inquiry based physics e-module to improve critical thinking ability of students high school. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1481, 12063. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1481/1/012063</p><p>Stanojevic, D., Cenic, D., & Cenic, S. (2018). Application of computers in modernization of teaching science. International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education, 6(2), 89106.</p><p>Steinmetz, R., & Nahrstedt, K. (1995). Multimedia: Computing, communication and applications. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.</p><p>Stinken-Rsner, L., Rott, L., Hundertmark, Sarah Baumann, T., Menthe, J., Hoffmann, T., Nehring, A., & Simone, A. (2020). Thinking Inclusive Science Education from two Perspectives: Inclusive Pedagogy and Science Education. Research in Subject-Matter Teaching and Learning, 3, 3045.</p><p>Sulaiman Yahya, Kasmadi Imam Supardi, & Masturi Masturi. (2017). Satesik (Sains, teknologi dan muzik) untuk meningkatkan minat belajar dan pemahaman sains. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 6(1).</p><p>Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia. (2018). Internet users survey 2018. Cyberjaya: Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia.</p><p>Taber, K. S. (2018). The Use of Cronbachs Alpha When Developing and Reporting Research Instruments in Science Education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 12731296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2</p><p>Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument; How to Test the Validation of a Questionnaire/Survey in a Research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5, 2836. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205040</p><p>Talirkodi Vinathan. (2016). Hubungan motivasi guru dengan penggunaan ICT dalam pengajaran di SJK (T) Daerah Kuala Muda Yan. International Seminar on Generating Knowledge Through Research ( ICECRS), 10431054.</p><p>Tullis, T. S., & Stetson, J. N. (2004). A Comparison of Questionnaires for Assessing Website Usability.</p><p>Utami, P., Cikarge, G. P., Mohd Erfy Ismail, & Shahrul Hashim. (2018). Teaching aids in digital electronics practice through integrating 21st century learning skills using a conceptual approach. Journal of Physics, 1140(Conference Series), 12022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1140/1/012022</p><p>Vaughan, T. (2010). Multimedia, making it work (8th ed.). McGraw Hill: Osborne Media.</p><p>Viitanen, J., Hyppnen, H., Lveri, T., Vnskd, J., Reponene, J., & Winblad, I. (2011). National Questionnaire Study on Clinical ICT Systems Proofs: Physicians Suffer from Poor Usability. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 80(10), 708725.</p><p>Virtual Space LLC. (2017). AR VR Molecules Editor Free. Retrieved December 15, 2018, from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?%0Aid=com.vspaces.molb_free</p><p>Virzi, R. (1992). Defining the Test Phase of Usability Evaluation: How Many Subjects Is Enough? Human Factors, 34(4), 457468.</p><p>Wang, G., & Peng, B. (2019). Script of Scripts: A pragmatic workflow system for daily computational research. PLOS Comput Biology, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006843</p><p>Winters, F. I., Greene, J. A., & Costich, C. M. (2008). Self-Regulation of learning within computer-based learning environments: A critical analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 20(4), 429444.</p><p>Yanez, R., Cascado-Caballero, D., & Sevillano, J. L. (2014). Heuristic Evaluation on Mobile Interfaces: A New Checklist. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 434326. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/434326</p><p>Yoh, M. S. (2015). The reality of virtual reality in virtual systems and multimedia. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg.</p><p>Yusof Hashim. (1998). Teknologi pengajaran. Shah Alam, Selangor: Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.</p><p>Yuyum Fahmidani, & Eli Rohaeti. (2020). Attitude Toward Chemistry: Students Perception Based on Learning Experience. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1440, 12016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1440/1/012016</p><p>Zakaria Omar. (2014). Pendekatan Konstruktif dalam Inovasi Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu di Kolej Vokasional. Universiti Tun Hussien Onn.</p><p>Zanariah Abd Mutalib. (2018, June 28). Buku hanya sumbang 28 peratus berat beg. Berita Harian. Retrieved from http://www.bhplus.com.my/berita/nasional/2018/06/442725/buku-hanya-sumbang-28-peratus-berat-beg-menteri</p><p>Zeki, A. M., Badi, M. J., & Abubakar, A. (2015). Fundamentals of Media. In A. M. Zeki (Ed.), Multimedia and Its Application (p. 3). Gombak: Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia.</p><p>Zimmerman, B. J. (2005). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of Self-Regulation. San Diego California: Academic Press.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p>