The relationship between total quality management practices and academic performance of primary school and teaching innovation as mediator in Abu Dhabi
<p>This study investigates total quality management practices (TQM) and primary school</p><p>academic performance (PSAP) in Abu Dhabi: Teaching innovation as a mediator using</p><p>a quantitative research design. The study also as...
Saved in:
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | thesis |
Language: | eng |
Published: |
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9949 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:9949 |
---|---|
record_format |
uketd_dc |
institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
collection |
UPSI Digital Repository |
language |
eng |
topic |
HD Industries Land use Labor |
spellingShingle |
HD Industries Land use Labor Alhosani, Mohamed Salem Ahmed Ibrahim The relationship between total quality management practices and academic performance of primary school and teaching innovation as mediator in Abu Dhabi |
description |
<p>This study investigates total quality management practices (TQM) and primary school</p><p>academic performance (PSAP) in Abu Dhabi: Teaching innovation as a mediator using</p><p>a quantitative research design. The study also aspired to determine the relationship</p><p>between TQM and teaching innovation, dimensions of TQM and PSAP, dimensions of</p><p>teaching innovation and PSAP, and mediating role of teaching innovation on</p><p>relationship between TQM and PSAP. A total of 342 teachers were chosen as a sample</p><p>through quota and simple sampling. Data analysis using structural equation modelling</p><p>was used. The findings revealed a significant relationship between TQM practices and</p><p>primary school academic performance with a coefficient of (=-0.88, p<0.001) and a</p><p>significant relationship between TQM practices and teaching innovation with a value</p><p>of (=0.93, p<0.001). The study further found a significant relationship between</p><p>teaching innovation and primary school academic performance at (=1.05, p<0.001). It</p><p>found that teaching innovation mediates the relationship between TQM practices and</p><p>primary school academic performance where teaching innovation acts as a partial</p><p>mediator where total indirect effect was (1.38) < direct effect (-0.50). As the findings</p><p>confirmed that the TQM practices matters in determining primary school academic</p><p>performance, it is a sine qua non for school principals and policy makers to equip</p><p>teachers with adequate and sufficient teaching materials to implement school quality</p><p>successfully. Also, as teaching innovation plays a critical role in governing the</p><p>relationship between TQM practices and PSAP, in-depth focus on innovation is the</p><p>most effective way to increase the likelihood of teachers to embrace quality of change</p><p>in the school. In the future, this study of TQM practices can be used by schools in the</p><p>Abu Dhabi region to improve primary schools academic performance. The study</p><p>suggests that TQM should be internalised and used to improve primary school academic</p><p>performance in Abu Dhabi. In conclusion, further investigations should examine the</p><p>role the TQM plays on primary school academic performance.</p> |
format |
thesis |
qualification_name |
|
qualification_level |
Doctorate |
author |
Alhosani, Mohamed Salem Ahmed Ibrahim |
author_facet |
Alhosani, Mohamed Salem Ahmed Ibrahim |
author_sort |
Alhosani, Mohamed Salem Ahmed Ibrahim |
title |
The relationship between total quality management practices and academic performance of primary school and teaching innovation as mediator in Abu Dhabi |
title_short |
The relationship between total quality management practices and academic performance of primary school and teaching innovation as mediator in Abu Dhabi |
title_full |
The relationship between total quality management practices and academic performance of primary school and teaching innovation as mediator in Abu Dhabi |
title_fullStr |
The relationship between total quality management practices and academic performance of primary school and teaching innovation as mediator in Abu Dhabi |
title_full_unstemmed |
The relationship between total quality management practices and academic performance of primary school and teaching innovation as mediator in Abu Dhabi |
title_sort |
relationship between total quality management practices and academic performance of primary school and teaching innovation as mediator in abu dhabi |
granting_institution |
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
granting_department |
Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9949 |
_version_ |
1804890528910671872 |
spelling |
oai:ir.upsi.edu.my:99492024-03-21 The relationship between total quality management practices and academic performance of primary school and teaching innovation as mediator in Abu Dhabi 2023 Alhosani, Mohamed Salem Ahmed Ibrahim HD Industries. Land use. Labor <p>This study investigates total quality management practices (TQM) and primary school</p><p>academic performance (PSAP) in Abu Dhabi: Teaching innovation as a mediator using</p><p>a quantitative research design. The study also aspired to determine the relationship</p><p>between TQM and teaching innovation, dimensions of TQM and PSAP, dimensions of</p><p>teaching innovation and PSAP, and mediating role of teaching innovation on</p><p>relationship between TQM and PSAP. A total of 342 teachers were chosen as a sample</p><p>through quota and simple sampling. Data analysis using structural equation modelling</p><p>was used. The findings revealed a significant relationship between TQM practices and</p><p>primary school academic performance with a coefficient of (=-0.88, p<0.001) and a</p><p>significant relationship between TQM practices and teaching innovation with a value</p><p>of (=0.93, p<0.001). The study further found a significant relationship between</p><p>teaching innovation and primary school academic performance at (=1.05, p<0.001). It</p><p>found that teaching innovation mediates the relationship between TQM practices and</p><p>primary school academic performance where teaching innovation acts as a partial</p><p>mediator where total indirect effect was (1.38) < direct effect (-0.50). As the findings</p><p>confirmed that the TQM practices matters in determining primary school academic</p><p>performance, it is a sine qua non for school principals and policy makers to equip</p><p>teachers with adequate and sufficient teaching materials to implement school quality</p><p>successfully. Also, as teaching innovation plays a critical role in governing the</p><p>relationship between TQM practices and PSAP, in-depth focus on innovation is the</p><p>most effective way to increase the likelihood of teachers to embrace quality of change</p><p>in the school. In the future, this study of TQM practices can be used by schools in the</p><p>Abu Dhabi region to improve primary schools academic performance. The study</p><p>suggests that TQM should be internalised and used to improve primary school academic</p><p>performance in Abu Dhabi. In conclusion, further investigations should examine the</p><p>role the TQM plays on primary school academic performance.</p> 2023 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9949 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=9949 text eng closedAccess Doctoral Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi <p>Ababei, C., & Go.man, C. O. (2019). Comparative Study Regarding the Physical EducationLesson TeachingStrategies in 11-Year-OldPupils of Bacau and Abu Dhabi. Gymnasium, 19(1(),178-189.</p><p>Abbas, J. (2020). Impact of total quality management on corporate green performance throughthe mediatingrole of corporate socialresponsibility. Journal of Cleaner Production,242,118458.</p><p>Abdul Hakim Muhammad, M. S. (2005). Pengurusan Fasiliti. UTM: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.</p><p>Abdullah, F. (2006). The development of HEdPERF: a new measuring instrument of service quality for the higher education sector. International journal of consumer studies,30(6),569-581.</p><p>Abdullahi, U., & Sirajo, M. (2020). Effect of Resource Factors and Quality of Instruction on Performance in Mathematics of Nigeria Secondary School Students. JME (Journal of Mathematics Education), 5(1),61-69.</p><p>Abraham, B.A., Ebenezer, K.E. & Emmanuel, K.A. (2015). Achieving quality education in Ghana: the spotlight on primary education within the Kumasi metropolis. Journal of Education and Practice,6(17),9-23.</p><p>Abrunhosa, A., & S, P. M. E. (2008). Are TQM principles supporting innovation in the Portuguese footwear industry? Technovation, 28(4),208-221.</p><p>Abu Dhabi Economic Vision 230. http://gsec.abudhabi.ae/Sites/GSEC/Content/EN/PDF/Publications/economic</p><p>vision-2030-fullversion, property=pdf.pdf (accessed April 2019).</p><p>Abu-Shreah, M., & Zidan, H. (2017). The Degree of Schools Principals Practicing Innovation and Its Relationship with the Teachers' Professional Development. Journal of Education and Practice,8(8),20-36.</p><p>Adeboyeje, R. A. (2000). Management of School Physical facilities, Ibadan: Foundation Publications (2000).</p><p>Adesua D. C. O. A. a. D. V. O. (2016). The impact of physicalfacilities on students level of motivation and academic performance in senior secondary schools in Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice,7(4),3842.</p><p>Adewusi, A.G. (2018). School climate and teachers' organizational commitment in high schools (Doctoraldissertation, University of Pretoria).</p><p>Darwish A.Y. (2009). Current status of operations research/management science education at the United Arab Emirates business schools. Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues, 2(3),191-202.</p><p>RachelE. (2008). How toeducate Dubai. International Financial Law Review. 20.</p><p>Sowa, P., & De La Vega, E. (2008). One Corner at a Time: Collaborating for Educational Change in the UAE. Childhood Education, 85(2),102-106.</p><p>Tairab,H. (2010). Assessing Science Teachers Content Knowledge and confidence in teaching science: How Confident are UAE Prospective Elementary Science Teachers? International Journal of Applied Educational Studies, 7(1),59-71.</p><p>Adina-Petruta PAVEL,(2012). The Importance of Quality in Higher Education in an Increasingly Knowledge-Driven Society, International Journal of Academic ResearchinAccounting</p><p>Adjei, P. B. (2007). Decolonising knowledge production: The pedagogic relevance of Gandhian Satyagraha to schooling and education in Ghana. Canadian Journal of Education/Revue canadienne de l'ducation,1046-1067.</p><p>Adu, E. O., Akinloye, G. M., & Adu, K. O. (2015). School input factors and teacher effectiveness in some local government areas of Lagos State, Nigeria. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 8(3),461-472.</p><p>Agarwal, P. (2006). Higher education in India: The need for change (No. 180). Working paper.</p><p>Ahmed, I., Sultana, I., Paul, S. K., & Azeem, A. (2013). Employee performance evaluation: A fuzzy approach. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.</p><p>Ahmed, P. K. (1998). Culture and climate for innovation. European journal of innovation management.</p><p>Ah-Teck, C. (2011). Mauritian principals' responses to total quality management concepts in education (Doctoraldissertation,DeakinUniversity).</p><p>Ajayi, K. O., & Oyeniyi, O. L. (2017). Impact of TQM on primary school academic performance in public secondary schools in Ogun State. IFE PsychologIA: An International Journal, 25(1),463-480.</p><p>Ajide, O.E., & Tik, C.C. (2009). Astudy of the effectiveness of blended learning. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Teaching and Learning INTI University College, Malaysia, 1-7.</p><p>Akessa, G. M., & Dhufera, A. G. (2015). Factors That Influence Students Academic Performance: A Case of Rift Valley University, Jimma, Ethiopia. Journal of Education and Practice,6(22),55-63.</p><p>Akhtar, S., Zameer, H., & Saeed, R. (2014). Impact of TQM on the performance of service organizations inPakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(6),109.</p><p>Akomolafe, O. (2011). Impact of personal factors on environmental education in tertiary institutions in Ekiti State, Nigeria. International Journal for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education,1(1),559-564.</p><p>Aktharsha,U. S. & Karthick, S. (2016). Total QualityManagement ineducation sector. International Journal of Management (IJM), 7(2),529-535</p><p>AL Ketbi, W. R. (2019). Facilitating Decisions by Using a DataDriven-Decision Making for Management Using Business Intelligence Case Study: Social-Services Departments in the Emirate of Sharjah (Doctoral dissertation, The British University in Dubai(BUiD)).</p><p>Al-Bashir, A. (2016). Applying total quality management tools using qfd at higher education institutions in gulf area (Case study: ALHOSN University). International Journal of Production Management and Engineering, 4(2),8798.</p><p>Al-Bourini, F. A., Al-Abdallah, G. M., & Abou-Moghli, A. A. (2013). Organizational culture andTQM. International Journal of Business and Management,8(24), 95.</p><p>Al-Damen, R.A. (2017). The Impact of TQM on organizationalperformance Case of JordanOilPetroleumCompany. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(1),192-202.</p><p>Alderete, M. V., & Formichella, M. M. (2016). The effect of ICTs on academic achievement: The Conectar Igualdad programme in Argentina. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11362/40784</p><p>Aldulaimi, S. H. (2016). Fundamental Islamic perspective of work ethics. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research.</p><p>Al-Ettayyem, R., & Zu'bi, M. F. (2015). Investigating the effect of TQM on organizational performance in the jordanian banking sector. International Business Research, 8(3),79.</p><p>Alexander, R ((2009). What is primary education for. Times Educational Supplement 20</p><p>Alghamdi, F. (2018). TQM and Organizational Performance: A Possible Role of OrganizationalCulture. International Journal of Business Administration,9(4), 186-200.</p><p>Alhashmi,M.M.A.Y.(2016). TQM Plan in Non-profit Translation Service Providers in the United Arab Emirates: Identifying Critical Success Factors for Improvement (Doctoraldissertation, University of Leeds).</p><p>Al-Humaidi, S. (2015). Student-centered learning at Sultan Qaboos University: EFL students perceptions. International Journal of Education, 7(3),194-209.</p><p>AlisonLaiFongCheng & Hon KeungYau 2011,Principals andteachers perceptions of quality managementin Hong Kong primary schools, Quality Assurance in Education, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 170-186.</p><p>Al-Qahtani, N. D., Alshehri, S. S. A., & Aziz, A. A. (2015). The impact of TQM on organizationalperformance. European Journal of Businnes and Management, 7(36).</p><p>Al-Qayoudhi, S., Hussaini, S. S., & Khan, F. R. (2017). Application of TQM (TQM) InHigher Education Institution (HEI) InOman:Shinas College of Technology-A Case Study. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews eISSN,2395-6518.</p><p>Al-Salim, A. A. S. A., & Jawad, S. N. (2018). The Organizational learning and its impact on the quality of creative performance. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 6(08).</p><p>Alwagait,E., Shahzad, B., & Alim, S. (2015). Impact of social media usage on primary schoolacademic performanceinSaudi Arabia. Computers in Human Behavior, 51,1092-1097.</p><p>Alzoubi, H. M., In'airat, M., & Ahmed, G. (2022). Investigating the impact of total quality management practices and Six Sigma processes to enhance the quality and reduce the cost of quality: the case of Dubai. International Journal of Business Excellence,27(1),94-109.</p><p>Amabile,T. M. (1988). A model of creativityand innovationin organizations. Research in organizational behavior,10(1),123-167.</p><p>Amirrudin, M., Nasution, K., & Supahar, S. (2021). Effect of variability on Cronbach alpha reliability in research practice. Jurnal Matematika, Statistika dan Komputasi,17(2),223-230.</p><p>Anderson,J.R.(2000). Learning and memory: An integrated approach. JohnWiley& Sons Inc.</p><p>Andriani, S., Kesumawati, N., & Kristiawan, M. (2018). The influence of the transformational leadership and work motivation on teachers performance. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 7(7),19-29.</p><p>Ankomah,Y., Koomson, J., Bosu,R., & Oduro, G. K. T. (2005). Implementing Quality Education in Low-Income Countries (Edqual). University of Cape Coast, Ghana.</p><p>Anne D. Neal and William Gonch, (2013) Four Ways to Improve Higher Education [online] available on http://www.jewishpolicycenter.org/4660/improve-higher</p><p>education,</p><p>Anticevic, V., Kardum, G., Klarin, M., Sindik, J., & Barac, I. (2018). Academic Achievement and Study Satisfaction: The Contribution of High School Success andPersonality. Drutvena istraivanja: casopis za opca drutvena pitanja, 27(2),243-260.</p><p>Antonakis,J.,& Day,D. V. (Eds.).(2017). The nature of leadership. Sagepublications</p><p>Antunes, M.G.; Texeira Quirs, J.; Justino, M.R. (2017). The relationship between innovation and total quality management and the innovation effects on organizational performance. Int. J. Qual. Reliab. Manag, 34, 14741492.</p><p>Appio, F. P., Frattini, F., Petruzzelli, A. M., & Neirotti, P. (2021). Digital transformation and innovation management: A synthesis of existing research and an agenda for future studies. Journal of Product Innovation Management,38(1),4-20.</p><p>Arend, R. J., Zhao, Y. L., Song, M., & Im, S. (2017). Strategic planning as a complex and enabling managerial tool. Strategic Management Journal, 38(8), 17411752.</p><p>Arinde,M. R. (2010). Educational services, teacher quality and students academic performance in public senior secondary schools, north central zone, Nigeria (Doctoraldissertation, University of Ilorin).</p><p>Armstrong, J.S., (2012). Natural Learning in Higher Education". Encyclopedia</p><p>of the</p><p>Sciences</p><p>of Learning.</p><p>Heidelberg: Springer.</p><p>Arshad,K. N. M.,Halipah, A. H., & Omar, R. C. (2018). The Effect of Organizational Culture towards TQM (TQM) Implementation in Malaysia Public Organization. Management, 5(3),1-11.</p><p>Asiabaka, I. P. (2008) The Need for Effective Facility Management in Schools in Nigeria, New York: Science Journal,1(2),10-21.</p><p>Asikhia,O. A. (2010). Studentsandteachers perceptionof the causes of poor academic performance in Ogun State secondary schools [Nigeria]: Implications for counseling for national development. European Journal of Social Sciences, 13(2),229-242.</p><p>Asoodeh, M.H., Asoodeh, M.B. & Zarepour, M. (2012). The impact of student -centered learning on academic achievement and social skills. Social and behavioural sciences,46(560-564)</p><p>Astin, A. W. (2012). Assessment for excellence: The philosophy and practice of assessment and evaluation in higher education. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.</p><p>Avila, L. B. (2018). Total Quality Management (TQM) Practices of School Administrators concerning School Performance among Teacher Education Institutions inthe Province of Quezon. 4th International Research Conference on Higher Education,2018,879890.</p><p>Babbie,E. (2007). The Practice of SocialResearch 10thEdition. Wadsworth,a Division of Thomson Learning.</p><p>Babbie, E. (2010). The practice of social research.Belmont,CA: Wadsworth.</p><p>Bailey, T. H., & Phillips, L. J. (2016). The influence of motivation and adaptation on students subjective well-being, meaning in life and academic performance. Higher education research & development, 35(2),201-216.</p><p>Baird, K., Jia Hu, K., & Reeve, R. (2011). The relationships between organizational culture,TQM practices and operational performance. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 31(7),789-814.</p><p>Bajaj, S., Garg, R., &Sethi, M. (2018). Totalquality management: a criticalliterature review using Pareto analysis. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,67(1),128-154.</p><p>Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderatormediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6),1173.</p><p>Barron, B. (2006). Interest and self-sustained learning as catalysts of development: A learning ecology perspective. Human development,49(4),193-224.</p><p>Bartlett, J. W., & Frost, C. (2008). Reliability, repeatability and reproducibility: analysis of measurement errors in continuous variables. Ultrasound in ObstetricsandGynecology: TheOfficialJournalof theInternationalSocietyof Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 31(4),466-475.</p><p>Bartlett, M.S. (1954). A note on the multiplying factors for various chi square approximation. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 16(2), 296-298.</p><p>Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Collier Macmillan.</p><p>Bassey,B. A., Owan, V. J., & Agunwa, J. N. (2019). Quality assurance practices and students performance evaluation in universities of South-South Nigeria: A structuralequation modelling approach. Bassey, BA, Owan, VJ & Agunwa, JN (2019). Quality Assurance Practices and Students Performance Evaluationin</p><p>Universities of South-South Nigeria: a Structural Equation Modelling Approach. British Journal of Psychological Research,7(3),1-13.</p><p>Bates, R., and S. Khasawheh. 2004. Organizational learning culture, transfer climate, andperceivedinnovation in Jordan. Proceedings of AHRD Conference,25-1.</p><p>Bauk, S. I. (2015). Assessing students perception of e-learning in blended environment:anexperimentalstudy. Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences, 191,323-329.</p><p>Beard,K. S., & Hoy, W. K. (2010). The nature,meaning, andmeasure of teacher flow in elementary schools:A test of rivalhypotheses. Educational Administration Quarterly,46(3),426-458.</p><p>Beckford, J. (2019). The Intelligent Organization: Driving Systemic Change with Information. Routledge.</p><p>Beer, M. (2003). Why total quality management programs do not persist: the role of management quality and implications for leading a TQM transformation. Decision Sciences,34(4),623-642.</p><p>Beins, B. C. (2017). Research method: A tool for life. Cambridge UniversityPress.</p><p>Belck, N. (2005). Convocation: Nancy Belck," Rules of Engagement: Redefining Stewardship in Higher Education". Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.usf.edu cgi viewcontent</p><p>Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological</p><p>bulletin, 107(2),238-243.</p><p>Bernard,H.R.(2017). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. London,NY:Rowman& Littlefield.</p><p>Bhisham, C., & Gupta, H. (2005). Applied statistics for the six-sigma green belt. USA, ASQ Quality Print.</p><p>Bierly, P., & Daly, P. (2002). Aligning human resource management practices and knowledge strategies. The strategic management of intellectual capital and organizational knowledge,277-295.</p><p>Bingimlas, K. A. (2009). Barriers to the successful integration of ICT in teaching and learning environments: A review of the literature. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, science and technology education,5(3),235-245.</p><p>Birchler, K., & Michaelowa, K. (2016). Making aid work for education in developing countries: Ananalysis of aideffectiveness for primaryeducationcoverage and quality. International Journal of Educational Development, 48,37-52.</p><p>Birdi, K., Clegg, C., Patterson, M., Robinson, A., Stride, C. B., Wall, T. D., & Wood,</p><p>S. J. (2008). The impact of human resource and operational management practices on company productivity: A longitudinal study. Personnel psychology,61(3),467-501.</p><p>Bishnoi, N. (2018). Total Quality Management (TQM) in Education: A Revolution. International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology,9(2), 273-276.</p><p>Bjorklund, T., Bhatli, D., & Laakso, M. (2013). Understanding idea advancement efforts in innovation through proactive behavior. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship.</p><p>Block, J. H., Fisch, C. O., & Van Praag, M. (2017). The Schumpeterian entrepreneur: A review of the empirical evidence on the antecedents, behaviour and consequences of innovative entrepreneurship. Industry and Innovation, 24(1), 61-95.</p><p>Boardman, A. E., Greenberg, D. H., Vining, A. R., & Weimer, D. L. (2017). Cost-benefit analysis: concepts and practice. Cambridge UniversityPress.</p><p>Bohoris, G. A. (1995). A comparative assessment of some major quality awards. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management.</p><p>Boihang, M., & Yessoufou, K. (2022). Testing the expectancy-disconfirmation theory: Geography, employment status and household size of local communities determine their perspectives of a local mine business in South Africa. PloS one,17(7),e0270815.</p><p>Bowen, D. E., & Lawler III, E. E. (1992). Total quality-oriented human resources management. Organizational dynamics,20(4),29-41.</p><p>Bowers, A. J., & Urick, A. (2011). Does high school facility quality affect student achievement? A two-level hierarchical linear model. Journal of Education Finance,72-94.</p><p>Brah, S. A., & Lim, H. Y. (2006). The effects of technology and TQM on the performance of logistics companies. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management.</p><p>Brakenhoff, T., Mitroiu, M., Keogh, R. H., Moons, K. G., Groenwold, R. H., & van Smeden, M. (2018). Measurement error in medical research: a systematic review of currentpractice.</p><p>Bratton, J., & Gold, J. (2017). Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave.</p><p>Bruaj, S. (2019). Quality at Newly Established Private Universities: New Strategies for Leadership Management. European Journal of Education, 2(1),16-21.</p><p>Bruns,B.andLuque,J.(2015),Great Teacher: How to Raise Student Learning in Latin America and the Caribbean,WorldBank,Washington, DC.</p><p>Bryk, A. S., Gomez, L. M., Grunow, A., & LeMahieu, P. G. (2015). Learning to improve: How Americas schools can get better at getting better. Harvard Education Press.</p><p>Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.</p><p>Bryson,J. M. (2018). Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement.JohnWiley & Sons.</p><p>Bujang,M. A. (2021). A step-by-step process onsample size determination for medical research. The Malaysian journal of medical sciences: MJMS,28(2),15.</p><p>Bujang, M. A., Omar, E. D., & Baharum, N. A. (2018). A review on sample size determination for Cronbachs alpha test: a simple guide for researchers. The Malaysian journal of medical sciences: MJMS,25(6),85.</p><p>Bunglowala, A., & Asthana, N. (2016). A Total Quality Management Approach in TeachingandLearningProcess. International Journal of Management (IJM), 7(5), 223 227.</p><p>Bunyi, G.W. (2013). The quest for quality education: the case of curriculum innovations inKenya.European Journal of Training and Development,37(7), 678-691.</p><p>Burns, J.M. (1978). Leadership. New York:Harper & Row.</p><p>Bustinza,O. F.,Gomes, E.,Vendrell-Herrero, F.,& Baines,T. (2019). Productservice innovation and performance: the role of collaborative partnerships and R&D intensity. R&D Management, 49(1),33-45.</p><p>Byrne, B.M. (2001).Structural equation modeling: Perspectives onthe presentand the future. International Journal of Testing,1(3-4),327-334.</p><p>Byrne, D. (2002). Interpreting quantitative data. Sage.</p><p>Campbell, A., & McNamara, O. (2010). Professional learning in educational contexts. Connecting inquiry and professional learning in education: International perspectives and practical solutions,10.</p><p>Campbell,D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological bulletin,56(2),81-89.</p><p>Cascio, W. F. (2015). Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill.</p><p>Chao, H. (2002). Assessing the quality of academic libraries on the Web: The development and testing of criteria. Library & Information Science Research, 24(2),169-194.</p><p>Chaudhry, I. S., Paquibut, R., Islam, A., & Chabchoub, H. (2021). Testing the success of real-time online delivery channel adopted by higher education institutions in the UnitedArabEmirates duringthe Covid-19pandemic. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education,18(1),1-21.</p><p>Cheese, P., Thomas, R. J., & Craig, E. (2007). The talent powered organization: Strategies for globalization, talent management and high performance.Kogan Page Publishers.</p><p>Chen, W., Dong, B., Hsieh, C. W., Lee, M. J., Liu, N., Walker, R. M., ... & Zhang, J. (2022). A Replication of An Experimental Test of the Expectancy-Disconfirmation Theory of Citizen Satisfaction. Public Administration.</p><p>Chidambaranathan, K., & Regha, V. S. (2016). Diagnosing the Organizational Culture of Higher Education Libraries in the United Arab Emirates Using the Competing Values Framework. LIBRES: Library & Information Science Research Electronic Journal, 26(2),99-112.</p><p>Chiedozie, O. L., Victor, A. A., & Sunday, F. T. (2018). Relationship between Staff Human Resource Management and Academic Performance of Accounting Students in Secondary Schools in Akoko South-West, Ondo State. Online Submission, 4(8),31-41.</p><p>Chimombo, J. P. (2005). Issues in basic education in developing countries: An exploration of policy options for improved delivery. Journal of international cooperation in education,8(1),129-152.</p><p>Chinomona, R., Okoumba, L., & Pooe, D. (2013). The impact of product quality on perceived value, trust and students intention to purchase electronic gadgets. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,4(14),463.</p><p>Choi,B.,Poon,S. K.,& Davis,J. G. (2008). Effects of knowledge managementstrategy on organizational performance: A complementarity theory-based approach. Omega, 36(2),235-251.</p><p>Choi,I. Y.,Moon, H. S.,& Kim,J. K. (2019). Assessing personalized recommendation services using expectancy disconfirmation theory. Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems,29(2),203-216.</p><p>Chong, S. (2014). Academic quality management in teacher education: A Singapore perspective. Quality Assurance in Education,22(1),53-64.</p><p>Chonjo, P. N. (2018). The quality of education in Tanzanian primary schools: An assessment of physical facilities and teaching learning materials. Utafiti Journal,1(1).</p><p>Chou, C. P., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Estimates and tests in structural equation modeling.</p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2012). Mastering research methods. Mcgraw-HillEducation.</p><p>Chuan, C. L., & Penyelidikan, J. (2006). Sample size estimation using Krejcie and Morgan and Cohen statistical power analysis: A comparison. Jurnal Penyelidikan IPBL,7(1),78-86.</p><p>Churchill,G. A.,Iacobucci, D.,& Israel,D. (2010). Marketing research:A south Asian perspective. Cengage Learning, New Delhi.</p><p>Cole, B. R. (1995). Applying total quality management principles to faculty selection. Higher Education,29(1),59-75.</p><p>Council, F. R. (2012). The UK corporate governance code. London, September.</p><p>Creswell,J. W.,& Creswell,J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. Sage publications.</p><p>Creswell, J. W., Klassen, A. C., Plano Clark, V. L., & Smith, K. C. (2011). Best practices for mixed methods research in the health sciences. Bethesda (Maryland): National Institutes of Health, 2094-2103.</p><p>Crosby, P. (1979). Quality is Free, Mc Graw Hill Deming, W. E. (1986) Out of the crisis: quality, productivity and competitive position, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.</p><p>Daggett, W. R. (2005). Successful Schools: From Research to Action Plans; Paper PresentedatJune 2005ModelSchools Conference.</p><p>Dahlgaard,J. J.,Khanji,G. K.,& Kristensen,K. (2008). Fundamentals of total quality management. Routledge.</p><p>Dahlgaard-Park, S. M., & Dahlgaard, J. J. (2006). Lean production, six sigma quality, TQMandcompany culture. The TQM magazine. 18, 263-281.</p><p>Dahlgaard-Park, S. M., Reyes, L., & Chen, C. K. (2018). The evolution and convergence of total quality management and management theories. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence,29(9-10),1108-1128.</p><p>Daramola, S. O. (2006). Research and statistical methods in education. Students and Researchers in Tertiary Institutions. Nigeria;BamitexPublication.</p><p>Darling-Hammond,L., Herman,J., Pellegrino,J., Abedi, J.,Aber, J. L., Baker,E., ... & Steele,C. M. (2013). Criteria for high-qualityassessment. Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education, 2,171-192</p><p>David, E. (2011). The most common barriers to education reform. St. Louis: C.V Mosby Co.</p><p>David,K.E. and Anna,P. (2015), Whatreally works toimprove learning in developing countries? An analysis of divergent findings in systematic reviews, Policy ResearchWorkingPaper,WorldBankGroup, Africa Region.</p><p>Day,C.,Gu, Q.,& Sammons, P. (2016). The impact of leadership onstudent outcomes: How successfulschool leaders use transformational and instructional strategies tomake a difference. Educational Administration Quarterly, 52(2),221-258.</p><p>De Jong, J. P., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2007). How leaders influence employees' innovativebehaviour. European Journal of innovation management.European</p><p>Journal</p><p>of</p><p>Innovation</p><p>Management, 10 (1) 41-64. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060710720546</p><p></p><p>Dees, J. G. (1998). The meaning of social entrepreneurship. Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial. Retrieved from: https://centers.fuqua.duke.edu>sites> 2015/03</p><p>Deming,WEdwards (1982). Out of the crisis. Cambridge UniversityPress:Cambridge</p><p>Downton, J. V. (1973). Rebel leadership: Commitment and charisma in the revolutionary process. Free Press.</p><p>Drucker, P. F. (1999). Knowledge-worker productivity: The biggest challenge. California management review, 41(2),79-94.</p><p>Dwyer,J.,& Hopwood, N. (2019). The business communication handbook. Cengage AU.</p><p>Dzwigol, H., & Dzwigol-Barosz, M. (2018). Scientific research methodology in</p><p>management sciences. Financial and credit activity problems of theory and</p><p>practice,2(25),424-437.</p><p>Earthman, G. I. (2002). School Facility Conditions and Student Academic Achievement, Williams Watch Series: Investigating the Claims of Williams v. State of California. Retrieved from http://escholarship.org?item</p><p>Eboli, L., & Mazzulla, G. (2011). A methodology for evaluating transit service quality based on subjective and objective measures from the passengers point of view. Transport Policy,18(1),172-181.</p><p>Edmonds, R. R. (1981). Search for Effective Schools. NIE, East Lansing, MI. The Institute for Research on Teaching, College of Education, Michigan State University.</p><p>Edquist, C., & Johnson, B. (1997). Institutions and organizations in systems of innovation. System of Innovation. Technologies, Institutions and Organizations: An Elgar Reference 41-63. EdwardElgar Publishing</p><p>Edwards,B. (2007). Reforming a middle school for educational equity: implications for teacher interaction (Doctoraldissertation,UC SanDiego).</p><p>Ejionueme, L. K., & Oyoyo, A. O. (2015). Application of Total Quality Management (TQM) in Secondary School Administration in Umuahia Education Zone. Journal of education and Practice,6(27),102-111.</p><p>Ekundayo, H. T. (2012). Schoolfacilities as correlates of students achievementin the affective and psychomotor domains of learning. European scientific journal, 8(6),208-215.</p><p>Elkhani, N., & Bakri, A. (2012). Review on expectancy disconfirmation theory (EDT) ModelinB2C E-Commerce. Journal of Information Systems Research and Innovation,2(12),95-102. http://seminar.utmspace.edu.my/myaisprint/</p><p></p><p>Ellis, R., & Goodyear, P. (2013). Students' experiences of e-learning in higher education: the ecology of sustainable innovation. Routledge.</p><p>Emaliana, I. (2017). Teacher-Centered or Student-Centered Learning Approach to Promote Learning. Jurnal Sosial Humaniora,10(2),59-70.</p><p>Emetarom, U. G. (2004). Provision and management of facilities in primary schools in Nigeria: implication for policy formulation. Management of primary and secondary education in Nigeria. Ibadan: NAEAP, 111-120.</p><p>Evas, T. (2005). Ethnic Origin and Language: Applying International and EU Quality Standards on the Estonian Labour Market. Riga Graduate School of Law Working Paper Series,(25).</p><p>Fagerberg, J. (2004). Innovation: A guide to the literature. Georgia Institute of Technology. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net publication 24134940</p><p>Falch, T., & Mang, C. (2015). Innovations in education for better skills and higher employability. European Expert Network on Economics of Education. Retrieved from http://www.education-economics.org EENEE</p><p>Faller,J. M. V. (2018). Quality Assurance Implementation, Management Practices, and Staff Performance in the Technical Colleges of the Sultanate of Oman: Inputs for a Quality Intervention Program. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 7(2),49-49.</p><p>Farkhondehzadeh,A., RobatKarim, M. R., Roshanfekr, M.,Azizi, J.,& Legha Hatami,</p><p>F. (2013). E-Tourism: The role of ICT in tourism industry. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(3),-566-600.</p><p>Farooq, M. S., Chaudhry, A. H., Shafiq, M., & Berhanu, G. (2011). Factors affecting students quality of academic performance: a case of secondary school level. Journal of quality and technology management, 7(2),1-14.</p><p>Feigenbaum,A. V. (1951). Quality control: Principles, practice and administration: An industrial management tool for improving product quality and design and for reducing operating costs and losses. McGraw-Hill.</p><p>Fernandes, A., Loureno, L., & Silva, M. J. (2011, September). Exploring the synergy between TQM and innovation. In ECEI2011-6th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship: ECEI 2011 (p.278).AcademicConferences Limited.</p><p>Filmer, D. and Fox, L. (2014), Youth Empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa Development Series,WorldBank,Washington, DC.</p><p>Filtenborg, A. F., Gaardboe, F., & Sigsgaard-Rasmussen, J. (2017). Experimental replication: an experimental test of the expectancy disconfirmation theory of citizen satisfaction. Public Management Review, 19(9),1235-1250.</p><p>Fraenkal,J. R., Wallen,N. E.,& Hyun, H. H. (2012). Content analysis. How to design and evaluate research in education. 8th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill,477-504.</p><p>Fraenkel,J.R &Wallee,N.E(2000). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill: New York.</p><p>Freckleton, R. P. (2011). Dealing with collinearity in behavioural and ecological data: modelaveraging and the problems of measurement error. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 65(1),91-101.</p><p>Fugate, B. S., Fugate, B. S., Stank, T. P., & Mentzer, J. T. (2009). Linking improved knowledge management to operational and organizational performance. Journal of Operations Management, 27(3),247-264.</p><p>Garavan, T. N., & Murphy, C. (2001). The co-operative education process and organisational socialisation: a qualitative study of student perceptions of its effectiveness. Education+ training.</p><p>Garvin, D. A. (1984). Product quality: An important strategic weapon. Business horizons, 27(3),40-43.</p><p>Gemechu, D. (2014). The practices of teachers involvement in decision-making in government secondary schools of Jimma Town (Doctoraldissertation).</p><p>George, D., & Malley, P. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbatch" s Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert Scales. In Middle West Research to Practice Conference in Adult, continuing, and Community Education, 87-88.</p><p>Gharakhani, D., Rahmati, H., Farrokhi, M. R., & Farahmandian, A. (2013). TQM and organizationalperformance. American Journal of Industrial Engineering,1(3), 46-50.</p><p>Ghavifekr, S., & Rosdy, W. A. W. (2015). Teaching and learning with technology: Effectiveness of ICTintegrationin schools. International Journal of Research in Education and Science,1(2),175-191.</p><p>Ghobadian, A., Speller, S., & Jones, M. (1994). Service quality: Concepts and models. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management,11(9), 4366. http://dx.doi.</p><p>org/10.1108/02656719410074297</p><p>Gibbs, G. (2010). Dimensions of quality. York:Higher Education Academy.</p><p>Goetsch, D. L., & Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ:Pearson.</p><p>Gomes, T., & Panchoo, S. (2017). TQM in Private Secondary Education in Mauritius International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences Volume 4, Issue 4, ISSN (Online): 421-432</p><p>Gorla,N., Somers, T. M., & Wong,B. (2010). Organizationalimpact of system quality, information quality, and service quality. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,19(3),207-228.</p><p>Graham, I. D., Tetroe, J., & KT Theories Research Group. (2007). Some theoretical underpinnings of knowledge translation. Academic Emergency Medicine,14(11),936-941.</p><p>Greenhow,C., Robelia, B.,& Hughes, J. E. (2009). Learning,teaching, and scholarship in a digital age: Web 2.0 and classroom research: What path should we take now? Educational researcher,38(4),246-259.</p><p>Guardia, J. J., Del Olmo, J. L., Roa, I., & Berlanga, V. (2019). Innovation in the teaching-learningprocess:the caseof Kahoot! On the horizon, 35-45.Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-11-2018-0035</p><p></p><p>Gunsayan, E. G., & Guhao Jr, E. S. (2020). A Structural Equation Model on Organizational Performance among Manufacturing Firms in Region XII, Philippines. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research,9, 390428.</p><p>Haas,E.B.(2018). When knowledge is power: Three models of change in international organizations (Vol. 22). University of California Press.</p><p>Habbal,F. M.,& Jreisat,A. (2018). Implications of SuccessfulImplementation of Total Quality Management in UAE Universities. Calitatea, 19(165),56-62.</p><p>Habib, S., Zahra, F., & Mushtaq, H. (2015). Impact of training and development on employees performance and Productivity:a case study of Pakistan. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences,4(08),326-330.</p><p>Hackman, J. R., & Wageman, R. (1995). Total quality management: Empirical, conceptual, and practicalissues. Administrative science quarterly,309-342.</p><p>Haefner,N., Wincent,J., Parida,V., & Gassmann,O. (2021). Artificial intelligence and innovation management: A review, framework, and research agenda.. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,162,120392.</p><p>Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective. Upper Saddle River,NJ:Pearson.</p><p>Hannafin,M. J.,& Hannafin,K. M. (2010).</p><p>Cognitionandstudent-centered,</p><p>web-based</p><p>learning:</p><p>Issues</p><p>and</p><p>implications</p><p>for research</p><p>and</p><p>theory.</p><p>In Learning and instruction in the digital age (pp. 11-23). Springer US.</p><p>Harold, K. and W. Heinz, 2010.Essentials of management: An international perspective. New Delhi:Tata McGraw Hill.</p><p>Hartas, D. (Ed.). (2015). Educational research and inquiry: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. BloomsburyPublishing.</p><p>Hartsell, T., & Yuen, S. C. Y. (2006). Video streaming in online learning. AACE Journal,14(1),31-43.</p><p>Harvey,L., & Green,D. (1993). Definingquality. Assessment & evaluation in higher education, 18(1),9-34.</p><p>Harvey, L., & Williams, J. (2010). Fifteen years of quality in higher education (Part Two), 81-113. Retrieved from http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com</p><p>Hasan, K., Islam, M. S., Shams, A. T., & Gupta, H. (2018). Total quality management (TQM): Implementation in primary education system of Bangladesh. International Journal of Research in Industrial Engineering,7(3),370-380.</p><p>Hasbullah,A., Yusoff,W. Z. W., Ismail,M., & Vitasari, P. (2011). A framework study of school facilities performance in public primary school of Batubara district in Indonesia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15,3708-3712.</p><p>Hashmi, A., Ishak, S., & Hassan, H. B. (2018). Role of team size as a contextual variable for the relationship of transformational leadership and teamwork quality. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies,6(5),76-81.</p><p>Hashmi, K. (2007). Introduction and implementation of TQM (TQM). Journal of electronics and Quality Management,6(1),45-57.</p><p>Hassan, S., & Hatmaker, D. M. (2015). Leadership and performance of public employees: Effects of the quality and characteristics of manager-employee relationships. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25(4), 1127-1155.</p><p>Hathorn, C., & Dillon, A. M. (2018). Action research as professionaldevelopment: Its role in education reform in the United Arab Emirates. Issues in Educational Research,28(1),99-119.</p><p>Hawthorne, E. M. (1996). Increasing understanding of decision making in higher education: the case of Taiwan. Quality in Higher Education,2(1),65-77.</p><p>Hayes, D., Christie, P., Mills, M., & Lingard, B. (2020). Teachers and schooling making adifference: Productive pedagogies, assessment, andperformance. Routledge.</p><p>Hendrawijaya, A. T. (2020). Human Resource Management in Improving Students' Academic Achievement Mediated by Teacher's Performance. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(1), 242-253</p><p>Hendricks, K. B., & Singhal, V. R. (2001). Firm characteristics, total quality management, and financial performance. Journal of operations management,19(3),269-285.</p><p>Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43(1),115-135.</p><p>Hertzog, M. A. (2008). Considerations in determining sample size for pilot studies. Research in nursing & health,31(2),180-191.</p><p>Herzallah, A. M., Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., & Munoz Rosas, J. F. (2014). Total quality management practices, competitive strategies, and financial performance: the case of the PalestinianindustrialSMEs. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence,25(5-6),635-649.</p><p>Heywood, J. (2000). Assessment in higher education: Student learning, teaching, programmes, and institutions (Vol. 56). Jessica KingsleyPublishers.</p><p>Hill, S. (1991). Why quality circles failed but total quality management might succeed. British journal of industrial relations,29(4),541-568.</p><p>Ho, S. K. (1994). Is the ISO 9000 series for total quality management? International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management. InternationalJournalof Quality & Reliability, 11 (9) 74-89.</p><p>Hoch,J. E., Bommer,W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., & Wu, D. (2018).Do ethical, authentic, and servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 44(2),501-529.</p><p>Hoidn, S. (2017). Student-Centered Learning Environments in Higher Education Classrooms. New York,NY:Palgrave Macmillan.</p><p>Holmes-Smith, P., Coote, L., & Cunningham, E. (2006). Structural equation modeling: from the fundamentals to advanced topics. Melbourne: School Research.</p><p>Evaluation and Measurement Services. Retrieved from https://www.cenresinjournals.com 2020/01</p><p>Honarpour,A., Jusoh, A., & Md Nor, K. (2018). Total quality management, knowledge management, and innovation: an empirical study in R&D units. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 29(7-8),798-816.</p><p>Hopkins, M. M., & ONeil, D. A. (2015). Authentic leadership: Application to women leaders. Frontiers in Psychology, 6,959.</p><p>Hopple, C. J., & Christine, J. (2005). Elementary physical education teaching & assessment: A practical guide. Champaign,IL:HumanKinetics.</p><p>Hora, M. T., Parrott, E., & Her, P. (2020). How do students conceptualize the college internship experience? Towards a student-centred approach to designing and implementing internships. Journal of Education and Work,33(1),48-66.</p><p>Hossain, M. J. (2019). Redefining expectancy disconfirmation theory using LIS SERVQUAL+: An integrated framework for evaluating library service quality anduser satisfaction. International Information & Library Review,51(3),203216.</p><p>Hoy,W. K.,& Adams, C. M. (2015). Quantitative research in education: A primer. Sage Publications.</p><p>Humaidi. S. (2015). Student-centered learning at sultan qaboos university:efl students perceptions. International Journal of Education,7(3),194-209.</p><p>Hung,R. Y. Y.,Lien, B. Y. H., Yang,B., Wu,C. M.,& Kuo, Y. M. (2011). Impact of TQM and organizational learning on innovation performance in the high-tech industry. International business review,20(2),213-225.</p><p>Husain,R.,Harefa,A. O.,Cakranegara,P. A.,& Nugraha,M. S. (2022). The Effect of Teacher Professional Competence and Learning Facilities on Student Achievement. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan,14(2),2489-2498.</p><p>Huxtable,N. (1994). Small business total quality. Springer Science & Business Media.</p><p>Ibrahim, Y., Arshad, R., & Salleh, D. (2017). Stakeholder perceptions of secondary education quality in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Quality Assurance in Education, 25(2),248-267.</p><p>Idris, O. A. S. (2016). Investigating instructors perspectives towards student-centered learning in teaching English language. American Journal of Educational Research,4(20),1317-1322.</p><p>Ihuoma, P.A. (2008), The need for effective facility management in schools in Nigeria, New York Science Journal,1(2),10-21.</p><p>Iliyasu, R., & Etikan, I. (2021). Comparison of quota sampling and stratified random sampling. Biom. Biostat. Int. J. Rev,10,24-27.</p><p>Imai, M. (2012). Gemba Kaizen: A commonsense approach to a continuous improvement strategy. McGraw HillProfessional.</p><p>Imenda,S. (2014). Is there a conceptualdifference between theoretical and conceptual frameworks? Journal of social sciences, 38(2), 185-195.</p><p>Imran, M., Aziz, A., Hamid, S. N. B. A., Shabbir, M., Salman, R., & Jian, Z. (2018). Retracted: The mediating role of total quality management between entrepreneurial orientation and SMEs export performance. Management Science Letters,8(6),519-532.</p><p>Irmayani, H., Wardiah, D., & Kristiawan, M. (2018). The strategy of SD Pusri in improving educational quality. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research,7(7),113-121.</p><p>Isa, Y.K. and Jailani, M.Y. (2014), The impact of quality control in Nigerian secondary schools.</p><p>Ishikawa,K. (1985). What is totalquality control? the Japanese way, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,Prentice-Hall</p><p>Isife,C. T.,& Ogakwu,U. N. (2012). Problems andinnovations of educationin Nigeria.</p><p>Ibeneme 0, Alumode, B. & Usoro H (EDS) The State of Education in Nigeria. Onitsha West & Solomon Publishing Coy. Ltd.</p><p>Islam, T. (2007). Application of total quality management in public administration of Bangladesh.</p><p>Ismail, A., & Mydin, A. A. (2019). The impact of transformational leadership and commitment on teachers innovative behaviour. In 4th ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2018) (pp. 426-430). Amsterdam: Atlantis Press.</p><p>Ismail, A.M.A. (2018). Empowering Your Students Satisfaction with BlendedLearning: A Lesson from the Arabian Gulf UniversityDistance Teaching and Training Program. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 8, (2), 108-120.</p><p>Isola, O.M., Olosunde, G.R., Ojebisi, A.O. and Oladejo, M.A. (2011), Instructional materials and students academic achievement in physics: some policy implications, European Journal of Humanities and Social Science,2(1),112126.</p><p>Jaakkola, E. (2020). Designing conceptual articles: four approaches. AMS review,10(1),18-26.</p><p>Ja'ashan,M. M. N. H. (2015). Perceptions and Attitudes towards BlendedLearning for English Courses: A Case Study of Students at University of Bisha. English Language Teaching, 8(9),40-50.</p><p>Jaccard, J., & Wan, C. K. (1995). Measurement error in the analysis of interaction effects between continuous predictors using multiple regression: Multiple indicator and structural equation approaches. Psychological bulletin, 117(2), 348.</p><p>James, O. 2009. Evaluating the Expectations Disconfirmation and Expectations Anchoring Approaches to Citizen Satisfaction with Local Public Services. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 19 (1): 107123. doi:10.1093/jopart/mum034.</p><p>Jansen,J. J.,VanDen Bosch,F. A.,& Volberda, H. W. (2006). Exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation, and performance: Effects of organizational antecedents andenvironmental moderators. Management science, 52(11),1661-1674.</p><p>Johanson, G. A., & Brooks, G. P. (2010). Initial scale development: sample size for pilot studies. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70(3),394-400.</p><p>John, O. P., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2000). Reliability, construct validation, and scale construction. Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology,339-369.</p><p>Johnson, E. (2013). The</p><p>Student-Centered</p><p>Classroom:</p><p>Vol</p><p>1:</p><p>Social</p><p>Studies</p><p>and</p><p>History.</p><p>p. 19. ISBN</p><p>1317919491.</p><p></p><p>Joiner, T. A. (2007). TQM and performance: The role of organization support and coworker support. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 24(6),617-627.</p><p>Joseph, O., Okwara & Ajowi, O. (2017). Implementation of TQM in Primary Schools as aPanacea for Low AcademicAchievement. European Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol, 5(5).</p><p>Joseph, S.O. and Philias, O. (2011), Schools facilities and academic achievement of Secondary Schools AgriculturalScience in EkitiState, Nigeria, Asian Journal of Social Science,Vol. 7No. 7,pp. 64-74.</p><p>Juran, J. M. (1981). Upper management and quality. JMJuran.</p><p>Kabendera, D. (2018). Total Quality Management (TQM) Theory Practices in Government Secondary School in Ngara District, Tanzania: International Journal of Information Research and Review,2(5),49824992.</p><p>Kaiser, H. F. (1970). A second-generation little jiffy. Psychometrika, 35(4),401-415.</p><p>Kakingo,J., & Lekule, C. (2021). Influence of TotalQuality Management on Students Academic Achievement in Public Secondary schools in Ifakara Town Council. East African Journal of Education Studies,3(1),158-171.</p><p>Kalagbor, L. D. (2016). An Analysis of Factors Influencing Students' Academic Performance in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Rivers State-Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice,7(28),96-101.</p><p>Kang, H. (2021). Sample size determination and power analysis using the G* Power software. Journal of educational evaluation for health professions,18.</p><p>Kanji, G. K., & Barker, R. L. (1990). Implementation of total quality management. Total Quality Management,1(3),375-390.</p><p>Kanji, G. K., Malek, A., & Tambi, B. A. (1999). Total quality management in UK higher education institutions. Total Quality Management,10(1),129-153.</p><p>Kapur, R. (2018). Factors influencing the primary school academic performance in secondary schools in India. University of Delhi.</p><p>Karimi, M. R. (2016). Influence of Total Quality Management principles on performance of public secondary schools in Kajiado North Sub County.</p><p>Masters Dissertation. University of Nairobi, Kenya.</p><p>Kaynak, H. (2003). The relationship between total quality management practices and their effects on firm performance. Journal of operations management, 21(4), 405-435.</p><p>Kellman,P. J.,&Arterberry,M. E.(2000). The cradleof knowledge: Developmentof perception in infancy. MIT press.</p><p>Kenyon, G. N.,& Sen, K. C. (2016). Perception of Quality. Springer LondonLimited.</p><p>Kerr, S., Schriesheim, C. A., Murphy, C. J., & Stogdill, R. M. (1974). Toward a contingency theory of leadership based upon the consideration and initiating structure literature. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,12(1), 62-82.</p><p>Kerzner,H.(2017). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. JohnWiley& Sons.</p><p>Khan, M., & Kamal, M. (2015). Total Quality Management (TQM) for Improving Quality Service in University Libraries: A Conceptual View.</p><p>Khan, S. A., & Ismail, W. K. W. (2017). To evaluate the impact of transformational leadership on organizational learning. CLEAR International Journal of Research in Commerce & Management, 8(9).</p><p>Khurniawan,A. W.,Sailah, I.,Muljono, P., Indriyanto,B., & Maarif, M. S. (2021). The Collaborative Strategy of Total Quality Management and School Governance to ImprovingEffectiveness of VocationalSchool-BasedEnterprise. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 11(2),10-20.</p><p>Kim, J. M., & Choi, S. B. (2019). Social Commerce Service Quality and Word-of-Mouth Intention: An Application of the ExpectationDisconfirmation Theory. ......,41(4),47-73.</p><p>Kim, W.C. and Marbougne, R. (1999). Strategy, value innovation, and the knowledge economy. Sloan Management Review, 2, 41-54.</p><p>Kirk,D. J. & Jones, T. L. (2004). Effective Schools Assessment Report, San Antonio, TX: PearsonEducation.</p><p>Kline, R. B. (1998). Software review: Software programs for structural equation modeling:Amos,EQS,andLISREL. Journal of psychoeducational assessment, 16(4),343-364.</p><p>Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling.</p><p>Knight, J. (2007). Cross-border higher education: Issues and implications for quality assurance and accreditation. Report: Higher Education in the World 2007: Accreditation for Quality Assurance: What is at Stake?</p><p>Korkman, O. (2006). Customer value formation in practice: A practice-theoretical approach. Svenska handelshgskolan.</p><p>Krejcie, R. & Morganm D. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and PsychologicalMeasurement,30,607- 617.</p><p>Kulkarni, U., & St Louis, R. (2003). Organizational self-assessment of knowledge management maturity. AMCIS 2003 Proceedings,332.</p><p>Kwaslema, P., & Onyango, D. Effectiveness of the Strategic Planning and Academic Performance among the Public Secondary Schools in BabatiDistrict, Tanzania. East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences (EAJESS),2(1),82-86.</p><p>Lachman Siebert, P. A. (2005). Education in Paradise: Learning for Profitable Employment among the Old Order Amish of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, USA (Doctoraldissertation).</p><p>Lam, T., Zhang, H., & Baum, T. (2001). An investigation of employees job satisfaction:the case of hotels inHongKong. Tourism management,22(2),157165.</p><p>Laurent, P., & Cleland-Huang, J. (2009, June). Lessons learned from open-source projects for facilitatingonline requirements processes. In International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, 240-255. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.</p><p>Lawrence,A. D.,Weeks,R. A.,Brooks,D. J.,Andrews,T. C.,Watkins,L. H.,Harding,</p><p>A. E., ... & Sahakian, B. J. (1998). The relationship between striatal dopamine receptor binding and cognitive performance in Huntington's disease. Brain: a journal of neurology, 121(7),1343-1355.</p><p>Lee, C. P., Hung, M. J., & Chen, D. Y. (2022). Factors affecting citizen satisfaction: Examining from the perspective of the expectancy disconfirmation theory and individual differences. Asian Journal of Political Science,1-26.</p><p>Lee, Y. J. (2008). A study of the influence of instructional innovation on learning satisfactionandstudyachievement. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 4(2),43-54.</p><p>Leedy, P. D.,& Ormrod,J. E. (2005). Practical research. PearsonCustom.</p><p>Leithwood,K., Harris, A.,& Hopkins, D. (2020). Seven strongclaims about successful school leadership revisited. School leadership & management,40(1),5-22.</p><p>Leo. (2007). The Student-Centered Classroom. Cambridge University Press.</p><p>Leonidou, E., Christofi, M., Vrontis, D., & Thrassou, A. (2020). An integrative framework of stakeholder engagement for innovation management and entrepreneurship development. Journal of Business Research,119,245-258.</p><p>Lewis,R.G.,&Smith,D.H. (1994). Total Quality in Higher Education. Total Quality Series. St. Lucie Press, 100 E. Linton Blvd., Suite 403B, Delray Beach, FL 33483.</p><p>Lezotte, L. W. (2010). What Effective Schools Do: Re-envisioning the Correlates? Indianapolis, IN:Solution Tree.</p><p>Li, L., Hallinger, P., & Ko, J. (2016). Principal leadership and school capacity effects on teacher learning in Hong Kong. International Journal of Educational Management, 30(1),76-100.</p><p>Liebowitz,J. (1999). Buildingorganizational intelligence: A knowledgemanagement primer. CRC press.</p><p>Lin, Y. W., Tseng, C. L., & Chiang, P. J. (2016). The effect of blended learning in mathematicscourse. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(3),741-770.</p><p>Lin, Y. W., Tseng, C. L., & Chiang, P. J. (2017). The Effect of Blended Learning in Mathematics Course. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 13(3).</p><p>Linda Darling-Hammond,(2013). The importance of quality Education: From start to End [online]</p><p>Litwin, M. S. (1995). How to measure survey reliability and validity (Vol. 7). Sage.</p><p>Lpez-Nicols,C., & Meroo-Cerdn,. L. (2011). Strategic knowledge management, innovation, and performance. International journal of information management, 31(6),502-509.</p><p>MacKinnon, D. (2012). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. Routledge.</p><p>MacKinnon, D. P. (1994). Analysis of mediating variables in prevention and intervention research. NIDA research monograph,139,127-127.</p><p>MacKinnon, D. P., & Luecken, L. J. (2011). Statistical analysis for identifying mediating variables in public health dentistry interventions. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 71,37-46.</p><p>Magnusson, P. R., Matthing, J., & Kristensson, P. (2003). Managing user involvement in service innovation: Experiments with innovating end users. Journal of Service Research,6(2),111-124.</p><p>Mahajan, A., & Kaushal, K. (2017). Impact of innovative pedagogical teaching methods onstudents'academic performance. New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research,6(10),41.</p><p>Mahmood, S., & Ahmed, A. (2015). The role of organizational learning in understanding relationship between TQM and organizational performance. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 9(1),282-302.</p><p>Mahmood, W., & Ismail, S. N. (2018). The Effects of Total Quality Management as Teaching Innovation and Job Satisfaction on Academic Performance of Students in Pakistan. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies,4(1),107-116.</p><p>Mahmoud, A. B., Alatrash, M., Fuxman, L., Meero, A. A., & Yafi, E. (2019). TQM boosters and blockers in a humanitarian setting: An exploratory investigation. SAGE Open, 9(2),2158244019841919.</p><p>Maina,K. C., & Awuor, E. (2020). Leadership commitment and performance of QMS in concrete products manufacturing companies in Kenya. International</p><p>Academic Journal of Innovation, Leadership and Entrepreneurship,2(3),8092.</p><p>Malhotra, S. (2018). Quality Gurus: A Framework for Comparison and Implications Journal of advances and scholarly research in allied education, 14(2), 6-9. DOI:10.29070/jASRAE</p><p>Manafa,I. F., & Ihuarulam, M. O. (2020). Principals qualityassruance practices in the management of secondary schools in Anambra state. Unizik Journal of Educational Management and Policy, 3(1).</p><p>Management and Organizational Performance, American Journal of Industrial Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 46-50. DOI:10.12691/ajie-1-3-2</p><p>Management on organizational performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(36).</p><p>Mansour, A., & Jakka, A. (2013). Is TQM Feasible in a Developing Context? The Employees' Perspective in the United Arab Emirates Public Sector. International Journal of Public Administration, 36(2),98-111.</p><p>Martnez-Costa, M., Martnez-Lorente, A. R., & Choi, T. Y. (2008). Simultaneous consideration of TQM and ISO 9000 on performance and motivation: An empirical study of Spanish companies. International journal of production economics, 113(1),23-39.</p><p>Martirosyan, N. M., Hwang, E., & Wanjohi, R. (2015). Impact of English proficiency on academic performance of international students. Journal of International Students, 5(1),60-71.</p><p>Mathew, M., & Gupta, K. S. (2015). Transformational leadership: Emotional intelligence. SCMS Journal of Indian Management, 12(2),75.</p><p>McAleese,M,(2013), improving of the quality of teaching and learning in Europes higher education institution [online] available on; http://ec.europa.eu/education/library/reports/modernisation_en.pdf,</p><p>McCombs,B.,& Whistler,J.S. (1997). TheLearner-Centered ClassroomandSchool: Strategies for Increasing Student Motivation and Achievement.SanFrancisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.</p><p>McDermott, C. M., & O'Connor, G. C. (2002). Managing radical innovation: an overview of emergent strategy issues. Journal of Product Innovation Management: an international publication of the product development & management association,19(6),424-438.</p><p>McGowen, R. S. (2007). The impact of school facilities on student achievement, attendance, behavior, completion rate and teacher turnover rate in selected Texas high schools. Texas A&MUniversity.</p><p>McGregor, F. (2004). Excellent Libraries: A quality assurance perspective.</p><p>McKeown, R., Hopkins, C. A., Rizi, R., & Chrystalbridge, M. (2002). Education for sustainable development toolkit (p. 2002). Knoxville:Energy,Environment and Resources Center,University of Tennessee.</p><p>McLuhan,M.,& Powers,B. R. (1989). The global village: Transformations in world life and media in the 21st century. CommunicationandSociety.</p><p>Mehmood, T., Alzoubi, H. M., & Ahmed, G. (2019). Schumpeterian entrepreneurship theory: evolution andrelevance. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal,25(4).</p><p>Meng, X., Yang, L., Sun, H., Du, X., Yang, B., & Guo, H. (2019). Using a Novel Student-centered Teaching Method to Improve Pharmacy Student Learning. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 83(2),6505.</p><p>Meyer,J. W., Ramirez, F. O., Frank, D. J., & Schofer, E. (2007). Higher education as an institution. Sociology of higher education: Contributions and their contexts,187.</p><p>Meyers,L. S., Gamst, G., &Guarino, A.J.(2016). Applied multivariate research:</p><p>Design and interpretation.Sagepublications.</p><p>Michikyan, M., Subrahmanyam, K., & Dennis, J. (2015). Facebook use and academic performance among college students: A mixed-methods study with a multi-ethnic sample. Computers in Human Behavior,45,265-272.</p><p>Michikyan, Minas, Kaveri Subrahmanyam, and Jessica Dennis (2015). "Facebook use and academic performance among college students: A mixed-methods study with a multi-ethnic sample." Computers in Human Behavior 45,265-272.</p><p>Mishra,S. (2007). Quality assurance in higher education: An introduction. National AssessmentandAccreditation Council, India.</p><p>Mitra, J. (2000). Making connection: innovation and collective learning in small businesses. Education & Training, 42 (2), 228-36.</p><p>Mohanty, R., & Lakhe, R. R. (1994). TQM, concepts evaluation and acceptability in developing economics. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 11,8-33.</p><p>MolokoMphale, L., & Mhlauli, M. B. (2014). An Investigation on Students Academic Performance for Junior Secondary Schools in Botswana. European Journal of Educational Research, 3(3),111-127.</p><p>Morgan, N. A., & Piercy, N. F. (2015). DefiningQuality:AContingencyPerspective. In Proceedings of the 1992 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference Springer,Cham,486-491.</p><p>Morgeson, F. V. 2012. Expectations, Disconfirmation, and Citizen Satisfaction with the U.S. Federal Government: Testing and Expanding the Model. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 23 (2): 289305. doi:10.1093/jopart/mus012.</p><p>Moses, R. N., & Yamat, H. (2021). Testing the Validity and Reliability of a Writing SkillAssessment. InternationalJournalof AcademicResearchinBusinessand Social Sciences,11(4),202-208.</p><p>Mukhopadhyay, M. (2020). Total quality management in education. SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited.</p><p>Mukolwe, J. O., Michael, O. & Jack, A.O. (2017). Assessment of implementation of Total QualityManagement in Primary Schools: Implications for Academic Achievement, Educational Research International,Vol. 6(4),75-85.</p><p>Mller, C., & Mildenberger, T. (2021). Facilitating flexible learning by replacing classroom time with an online learning environment: A systematic review of blended learning in higher education. Educational Research Review, 34, 100394.</p><p>Murenga,Y. A.,& Njuguna,R. (2020). Totalqualitymanagement practices and service delivery of small and medium enterprises: Case of Horizons Offices Limited in Kenya. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration,3(8),207-226.</p><p>Mwirigi, S. F., & Muthaa, G. M. (2015). Impact of Enrollment on the Quality of Learning in Primary Schools in Imenti Central District, Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice,6(27),156-160.</p><p>Myers,R. D.,& Lee,D. (2017). The learner-centered paradigm of education. C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.). Routledge.</p><p>Nami, Y., Marsooli, H., & Ashouri, M. (2014). The relationship between creativity and academicachievement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,114(21),3639.</p><p>Nange,M. M.,& Mkulu,D. G. (2020). Assessment onthe Applicationof TotalQuality Management (TQM) in Improving Students' Learning and Academic Performance in Government Secondary Schools in Manyoni District-Singida, Tanzania. Journal of Humanities and Education Development (JHED), 2(6), 464-480.</p><p>Narayanan, S. (2017). A study on the relationship between creativity and innovation in teaching and learning methods towards students academic performance at private higher education institution, Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,7(4).</p><p>Narayanan, S. (2017). A Study on the Relationship between Creativity and Innovation inTeaching andLearning Methods towards Students Academic Performance at Private Higher Education Institution, Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7,1-10.</p><p>Nasim, K., Sikander, A., & Tian, X. (2020). Twenty years of research on total quality management in Higher Education: A systematic literature review. Higher Education Quarterly, 74(1),75-97</p><p>Naz, F., & Murad, H. S. (2017). Innovative teaching has a positive impact on the performance of diverse students. SAGE Open, 7(4),2158244017734022.</p><p>Ndetei, D. M., Mutiso, V. N., Musyimi, C. W., Alietsi, R. K., Shanley, J. R., & Bhui,</p><p>K. S. (2022). The feasibility of using life skills training in primary schools to improve mental healthand academic performance:a pilot studyin Kenya. BMC psychiatry,22(1),1-14.</p><p>Neely,A.(2002).Businessperformance measurement. Cambridge university press,40, 42.</p><p>Newman, M., & Gough, D. (2020). Systematic reviews in educational research: Methodology,perspectives, and application. Systematic reviews in educational research,3-22.</p><p>Ngambi, M. T., & Nkemkiafu, A. G. (2015). The impact of TQM on firm's organizational performance. American Journal of Management, 15(4),69.</p><p>Nie, M., Barns, C., Haber, J., Joly, J., Pitt, K., & Zellmer, S. (2017). Fish and wildlife management on federal lands: debunking state supremacy. Envtl. L.,47,797.</p><p>Nunkoo, R., Teeroovengadum, V., Ringle, C. M., & Sunnassee, V. (2020). Service quality and customer satisfaction: The moderating effects of hotel star rating. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91, 102414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102414</p><p></p><p>Nzekwe, O. J. (2013). The impact of the implementation of the Nigerian curriculum initiatives on secondaryschool administrators andteachers inEnugu State.</p><p>Oakland,J.S.(2014). Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge.</p><p>Obi-Anike, H. O., & Ekwe, M. C. (2014). Impact of training and development on organizational effectiveness: Evidence from selected public sector organizations in Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(29), 66-75.</p><p>Oduwaiye, R. O., Sofoluwe, A. O., & Kayode, D. J. (2012). TQM and students' academic performance in Ilorin metropolis secondary schools, Nigeria. TQM, 1(1).</p><p>OECD.,K.(2018). OECD Science, Technology, and Innovation Outlook 2018.OECD Publishing.</p><p>Offir,B.,Lev,Y.,& Bezalel,R. (2008). Surface anddeeplearningprocesses indistance education: Synchronous versus asynchronous systems. Computers & Education,51(3),1172-1183.</p><p>Ogiemwonyi,O.,Harun,A.,Rahman, A.,Alam,M. N., & Hamawandy,N. M. (2020b). The relationship between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction towards hypermarket in Malaysia. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation,24(05). https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I5/PR201904</p><p></p><p>Ohanele, C. I., & Nwafor, N. H. A. (2019). Influence of Socio-Economic Status of Parents on Academic Performance of Senior Secondary School Students in Okigwe Education Zone.</p><p>Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460-469. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700405</p><p></p><p>Ololube, N. P. (2005). School effectiveness and quality improvement: Quality teaching in Nigerian secondaryschools. In The African Symposium, 5(4),17-31.</p><p>Ololube, N. P. (2006). The impact of professional and non-professional teachers ICT competencies in secondary schools in Nigeria. Journal of Information Technology Impact,6(2),101-118.</p><p>Oltra, V. (2005). Knowledge management effectiveness factors: the role of HRM. Journal of knowledge management, 9(4),70-86.</p><p>Omran, A., & Saleh, M. S. H. (2019). Factors affecting the academic performance of studentsatacademicinstitution. International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences (IJRRAS), 40(1),1-8.</p><p>Online Learning Consortium. (2014). OLC Quality Scorecard 2014: Criteria for excellence in the administration for online programs. Online Learning Consortium.</p><p>Oosterveld, P., Vorst, H., & Smits, N. (2019). Methods for questionnaire design: a taxonomy linking procedures to test goals. Quality of Life Research, 28(9), 2501-2512.</p><p>Osagie, R. O. & Okafor, C. J. (2015). Relationship between Human Resources Management Variables and the Academic Performance of Students in SecondarySchools inEgor LocalGovernment Area, EdoState, Nigeria. Journal of Educational andSocialResearch,5(1),323 328.</p><p>Osborne, J. W.,&Overbay, A.(2004).The power of outliers (andwhy researchers should always checkfor them). Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation,9(1),6.</p><p>Osseo-Asare, A. E., & Longbottom, D. (2002). The need for education and training in the use of the EFQM model for quality management in UK higher education institutions. Quality assurance in education.</p><p>Othman, B. J., Hamawandy, N. M., Aziz, H. T., Ali, R. M., Khoshnaw, R. T., Majid,</p><p>A. A., & Ogiemwonyi, O. (2020). Interpret and apply economic analysis to the role of international business organizations and their activities: A case study of Adelia. Solid State Technology, 63(5), 4525-4533. Available at www.solidstatetechnology.us</p><p></p><p>Oyeronke, A., & Fagbohun, M. (2013). An assessment of computer and ICT skills amongsecondary schoolteachers in Ota Ogun State. Library Philosophy and Practice.</p><p>Ozkeser, B. (2019). Impact of training on employee motivation in human resources management. Procedia Computer Science,158,802-810.</p><p>Pacholarz, W. M., & Bucki, D. (2017). Perception and understanding of quality in Demings management theory and quality process improvement in education. Zeszyty Naukowe Malopolskiej Wyzszej Szkoly Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie, 36(4),77-90.</p><p>Padhi, N., & Palo, S. (2005). Human Dimensions for Total Quality Management. Atlantic Publishers & Dist.</p><p>Pallant,J. (2011).Multivariate analysisof variance. SPSS survival manual. CrowsNest: Allen & Unwin, 20(11), 283-96.</p><p>Pambreni,Y., Khatibi,A., Azam,S., & Tham, J. (2019). The influence of TQM toward organization performance. Management Science Letters, 9(9),1397-1406.</p><p>Pan,H., Liu, S.,Miao, D., & Yuan,Y. (2018). Sample size determination for mediation analysis of longitudinaldata. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1), 111.</p><p>Pedersen, S., & Liu, M. (2003). Teachers beliefs about issues in the implementation of a student-centered learning environment. Educational Technology Research and Development, 51(2), 57-76.</p><p>Pejza,J. P. (1985). The Catholic SchoolPrincipal:A DifferentKindof Leader. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov.</p><p>Pertuz, V., & Prez, A. (2021). Innovation management practices:review and guidance for future researchinSMEs. Management Review Quarterly,71(1),177-213.</p><p>Philip,K. W.,& Charles,N. vendor management aspects andsupplychain performance of national treasury and planning, Kenya. Journal of logistic and supply chain management, 5(2), 219-233.</p><p>Pillay, S., & Bozas, A. (2016). An investigation into quality management principles at a ND primary school in Durban. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 6(5),89-108.</p><p>Prajogo, D. I. (2007). The relationship between competitive strategies and product quality. Industrial management & data systems.</p><p>Prajogo, D. I., & McDermott, C. M. (2005). The relationship between total quality management practices and organizational culture. International Journal of Operations & Production Management.</p><p>Prajogo, D. I., & Sohal, A. S. (2001). TQM and innovation: a literature review and researchframework. Technovation,21(9),539-558.</p><p>Prajogo, D.I., & Sohal, A.S. (2006). The Integration of TQM and Technology/R&D Management in Determining Quality and Innovation Performance. Omega, 34(3),96-312.</p><p>Prasertcharoensuk,T., & Tang, K. N. (2017). The effect of strategic leadership factors of administrators on schooleffectiveness under the Office of Maha Sarakham Primary Educational Service Area 3. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 38(3),316-323.</p><p>Prestiadi, D., Zulkarnain, W., & Sumarsono, R. B. (2019, December). Visionary leadership in total quality management: efforts to improve the quality of educationin the industrialrevolution 4.0. In The 4th International Conference on Education and Management (COEMA 2019) (pp. 202-206). Atlantis Press.</p><p>Probst, G., & Raisch, S. (2005). Organizational crisis: The logic of failure. Academy of Management Perspectives,19(1),90-105.</p><p>Putra, G. N. S., & Dewi, I.G. A. M. (2019).Effect of transformationalleadership and organizational culture on employee performance mediated by job motivation. International research journal of management, IT, and social sciences,6(6),118-127.</p><p>Putri, N. T., Yusof, S. M., Hasan, A., & Darma, H. S. (2017). A structural equation model for evaluating the relationship between total quality management and employees productivity. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management.</p><p>Quin, J., Deris, A., Bischoff, G., & Johnson, J. T. (2015). Comparison of Transformational Leadership Practices: Implications for School Districts and Principal Preparation Programs. Journal of Leadership Education,14(3).</p><p>Rad, A. M. M., & Yarmohammadian, M. H. (2006). A study of relationship between managers' leadership style and employees' job satisfaction. Leadership in Health Services.</p><p>Rahman,M. A.,Santosa, A. B.,& Sihotang,H. (2020). The The Influence of Principals Leadership, Teacher Performance, and Internal Quality Assurance System in Improving the Quality of Education in VocationalHigh School. Kelola: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan,7(2),162-175.</p><p>Ramli, A., & Zain, R. M. (2018). The impact of facilities on students academic achievement. Sci. Int. (Lahore), 30(2).</p><p>Ramsden, P. (2003). Learning to teach in higher education. Routledge.</p><p>Rasula, J., Vuksic, V. B., & Stemberger, M. I. (2012). The impact of knowledge management on organisational performance. Economic and Business Review for Central and South-Eastern Europe, 14(2),147.</p><p>Reed, R., Lemak, D. J., & Mero, N. P. (2000). Total quality management and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of quality management,5(1),5-26.</p><p>Rex,D. K., Bond, J. H., Winawer, S., Levin, T. R., Burt, R. W., Johnson, D. A., ... & Church, J. (2002). Quality in the technicalperformance of colonoscopy and the continuous quality improvement process for colonoscopy: recommendations of the US Multi-SocietyTask Force onColorectal Cancer. The American journal of gastroenterology,97(6),1296.</p><p>Robbins, S. P., & Judge, F. Y. (2007). Organizational Behavior (12th ed.). Prentice Hall</p><p>Ropianto, M., Rukun, K., Hayadi, B. H., Utami, F. H., & Candra, O. (2017). Optimization of Strategic Planning Organization in the Framework of Achievement Objectives of Education. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR),149(2),149-151.</p><p>Rosenbusch,N., Brinckmann,J., & Bausch, A. (2011). Is innovation always beneficial? A meta-analysis of the relationship between innovation and performance in SMEs. Journal of business Venturing, 26(4),441-457.</p><p>Ross, J. A., & Gray, P. (2006). School leadership and student achievement: The mediating effects of teacher beliefs. Canadian Journal of Education/Revue canadienne de l'ducation,798-822.</p><p>Ross,J. E.,& Perry,S. (1999). Total quality management: Text, cases, and readings. Crc Press.</p><p>Rubin, R. S. (2002). Will the real SMART goals please stand up? The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist,39(4),26-27.</p><p>Ruinge, M. W. & Kimani, G. N. (2015). Relationship between selected total quality management practices employed by public secondary schools principles and students performance in Kenya certificate of secondary education in Kiambu Country,Kenya.International Journal of Education and Practice, 3(2),66-79.</p><p>Rungtusanatham, M., Forza, C., Filippini, R., & Anderson, J. C. (1998). A replication study of a theory of quality management underlying the Deming management method:insights from an Italian context. Journal of Operations Management, 17(1),77-95.</p><p>Saberi, N., & Romle, A. R. (2015). The implementation of TQM with service quality from students perspective in Malaysian public university. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9(4),50-56.</p><p>Sadikoglu, E., & Olcay, H. (2014). The effects of TQM practices on performance and the reasons of and the barriers to TQM practices in Turkey. Advances in Decision Sciences, 2014.</p><p>Sallant, P., & Dillman, D. A. (1994). How to conduct your own research. Journal of Marketing</p><p>Research,33(1),</p><p>118-119.</p><p></p><p>Sallis, E. (2014). TQM in education. London:KoganPage Ltd.</p><p>Sanyal,S., & Hisam, M. W. (2018). The impact of teamwork on work performance of employees:A studyof facultymembers inDhofar University. IOSR Journal of Business and Management,20(3),15-22.</p><p>Sayyad, N. (2017). The Relationship between TQM Practices and Their Effects on Firms Performance inPalestine. Business & Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(2)), 2017,35-51</p><p>Schein, E. H. (1983). The role of the founder in creating organizational culture. Organizational dynamics,12(1),13-28.</p><p>Schindler, L. A., Puls-Elvidge, S., Welzant, H., & Crawford, L. (2015). Definitions of quality in higher education: A synthesis of the literature.</p><p>Schmidt,R. (1995). Consciousness and foreign language learning:A tutorialon the role of attention and awareness in learning. Attention and awareness in foreign language learning,9,1-63.</p><p>Schreiber,J. B. (2021). Issues and recommendations for exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy,17(5),1004-1011.</p><p>Schumacher,R.L.,&Lomax,S.R.G,(2010). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. NY:Routledge.</p><p>Schwarz, C. (2011). Understanding the role of expectation disconfirmation theory on IT outsourcing success. A PhD thesis submitted to the university of Louisiana State University. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14719037.2017.1282000</p><p>Segarra-Ciprs, M.; Escrig-tena, A.B.; Garca-juan, B. The link between quality management and innovation performance: A content analysis of survey-based research. TotalQual. Manag. Bus. Excell. 2020, 31, 122.</p><p>Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010). Research Methods for Small Business. A Skill Building Approach</p><p>Senol, H., & Dagli, G. (2016). Quality Improvement in Secondary Schools: Developing a SchoolSelf-evaluationScale. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 15(1-2),53-65.</p><p>Setiawan, R., Nath, K., Cavaliere, L. P. L., Villalba-Condori, K. O., Arias-Chavez, D., Koti,K.,& Rajest,S. S. (2021). The impact of teaching innovative strategy on academic performance in high schools (Doctoral dissertation, Petra Christian University).</p><p>Shah, S. F., Ghazi, S. R., Shahzad, S., & Ullah, I. (2015). The Impact of Quality indicators on Quality of Primary Education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1),7-12.</p><p>Shamir, B., & Eilam-Shamir, G. (2018). Whats your story? A life-stories approach to authentic leadership development. In Leadership Now: Reflections on the Legacy of Boas Shamir (pp. 51-76).EmeraldPublishing Limited.</p><p>Shapiro, S. D. (2016). Engaging awider community:The academic library as a center for creativity, discovery, and collaboration. New Review of Academic Librarianship,22(1),24-42.</p><p>Shen, Y. (2008). The effect of changes and innovation on educational improvement. International Education Studies, 1(3),73-77.</p><p>Shengnan, L., & Hallinger, P. (2021). Unpacking the effects of culture on school leadership and teacher learning in China. Educational management administration & leadership,49(2),214-233.</p><p>Shepherd, J., Pickett, K., Dewhirst, S., Byrne, J., Speller, V., Grace, M., & Roderick,</p><p>P. (2016). Initial teacher training to promote health and well-being in schools A systematic review of effectiveness, barriers, and facilitators. Health Education Journal,75(6),721-735.</p><p>Shuhratovich, I. U. (2020). Application of innovation in teaching process. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences,8(5),4-8.</p><p>Siafwa,N. S.,& Cheyeka,A. M. (2019). Involvement of Stakeholders in School Based Self-Evaluation in Assuring Quality Management. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education, 6 (10),1-11.</p><p>Siddiqui, F., Haleem, A., & Wadhwa, S. (2009). Role of supply chain management in context of total quality management in flexible systems: a state-of the-art literaturereview.Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management,10(3),1-14.</p><p>Sigala, M., Christou, E., Petruzzellis, L., D'Uggento, A. M., & Romanazzi, S. (2006). Student satisfaction and quality of service in Italian universities. Managing service quality: An international journal.</p><p>Sinha, S., Jawahar, I. M., Ghosh, P., & Mishra, A. (2019). Assessing employers satisfaction with Indian engineering graduates using expectancydisconfirmation theory. International Journal of Manpower.</p><p>Skender Brucaj, (2014) Quality in private higher education system; New challenges regarding students satisfaction,The online Journalof Distance Education and e-learning, 2, (2), 11-16.</p><p>Slater,S.F. and Narver,J.C. (1998). Customer-ledand market-led:lets notconfuse the two. Strategic Management Journal, 19 (10), 1001-6.</p><p>Smith, R. D. (2017). Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge.</p><p>Smith,S. U., Hayes, S., & Shea, P. (2017). A Critical Review of the Use of Wenger's Community of Practice (CoP) Theoretical Framework in Online and Blended Learning Research,2000-2014. Online Learning, 21(1),209-237.</p><p>Smith, T. E., & Sheridan, S. M. (2019). The effects of teacher training on teachers family-engagement practices, attitudes, and knowledge: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation,29(2),128157.</p><p>Sohel-Uz-Zaman, A. S. M. (2016). Implementing total quality management in education: compatibility and challenges. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4(11), 207.</p><p>Sorbie, J. I. (2015). Exploring teacher perceptions of blended learning.</p><p>Sousa-Poza, A., Nystrom, H., & Wiebe, H. (2001). A cross-cultural study of the differing effects of corporate culture on TQM in three countries. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management.</p><p>Spenley,P. (2012). World class performance through total quality: a practical guide to implementation. Springer Science & Business Media.</p><p>Spillane, J. P., & Louis, K. S. (2002). School improvement processes and practices: Professional learning for building instructional capacity. Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education,101(1),83-104.</p><p>Staller, Karen M. "Big enough? Sampling in qualitative inquiry." Qualitative Social Work 20,no. 4(2021): 897-904.</p><p>Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate behavioral research, 25(2),173-180.</p><p>Sterling, S. (2004). Higher education, sustainability, and the role of systemic learning. In Higher education and the challenge of sustainability (pp. 49-70).Springer, Dordrecht.</p><p>Stroehle, J. C., Soonawalla, K., & Metzner, M. (2019). How to Measure Performance ina Purposeful Company? Analysing the Status Quo. British Academy, Future of the Corporation Working Paper Series.</p><p>Student-Centered Learning. (2014). Education Reform Glossary. http://edglossary.org/student-centered-learning.</p><p></p><p>Suhr, D. D. (2006). Exploratory or confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of statistics anddata analysis, 66-76.</p><p>Suleman, Q., & Gul, R. (2015). Challenges to Successful Total Quality Management Implementation in Public Secondary Schools: A Case Study of Kohat District, Pakistan. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(15),123-134.</p><p>Sumanth, D. J. (1997). Total productivity management (TPmgt): a systemic and quantitative approach to compete in quality, price and time. CRC Press.</p><p>Szeto, E. (2000). Innovation capacity: working towards a mechanism for improving innovation within an inter-organizational network. The TQM Magazine, 12 (2), 149-57.</p><p>Taahyadin, F., & Daud, Y. (2018). TQM in school. Journal of Business and Management, 20(6),7-13.</p><p>Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics Upper Saddle River.</p><p>Tabachnick,B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics, 5, 481-498. Boston, MA:Pearson.</p><p>Taherdoost, H. (2022). Measurement and scaling techniques in research methodology; survey/questionnaire development. International Journal of Academic Research in Management,6(1),1-5.</p><p>Talib,F.,Rahman,Z., & Qureshi,M. N. (2016). Survey onthe usage of TQMtools and techniques in Indian service industries: an empirical analysis. Talib, F., Rahman, Z. and Qureshi, MN (2013) Survey on the usage of TQM tools and techniques in Indian service industries: an empirical analysis, Int. J. Quality, and Innovation, 2(2),105-119.</p><p>Teh, P. L., Yong, C. C., Arumugam, V., & Ooi, K. B. (2009). Does TQM reduce employees' role conflict? Industrial</p><p>Tella, A. (2017). Teacher variables as predictors of academic achievement of primary school pupils mathematics. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 1(1),16-33.</p><p>Terzic, E. (2017). The implementation of total quality management (TQM) as a functionof improving education. Fascicle of Management and Technological Engineering,1(3),1115. https://doi.org/10.15660/AUOFMTE.2017- 3.3297</p><p></p><p>Thai Hoang, D., Igel, B., & Laosirihongthong, T. (2006). The impact of TQM on innovation: Findings from a developing country. International journal of quality & reliability management, 23(9),1092-1117.</p><p>Thangeda, A., Baratiseng, B., & Mompati, T. (2016). Education for Sustainability: Quality Education Is a Necessity in Modern Day. How Far Do the Educational Institutions Facilitate Quality Education? Journal of Education and Practice, 7(2),9-17.</p><p>The Economist. 2013. Bitcoin under Pressure. In: Economist Technology Quarterly no. 4.</p><p>Thiele, T., Pope, D., Singleton, A., & Stanistreet, D. (2016). Role of students context in predicting academic performance at amedical school:a retrospective cohort study. BMJ open,6(3).</p><p>Thiele, T., Singleton, A., Pope, D., & Stanistreet, D. (2016). Predicting students' academic performance based on school and socio-demographic characteristics. Studies in Higher Education, 41(8),1424-1446.</p><p>Tidd, J., Bessant, J. and Pavitt, K. (1997). Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market, and Organizational Change. John Wiley & Sons Ltd: Chichester</p><p>Toytok, E. H., & Kapusuzoglu, S. (2016). Influence of School Managers' Ethical Leadership Behaviors on Organizational Culture: Teachers' Perceptions. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 66,373-388.</p><p>Trochim, W. M. K. (2006).Unit of Analysis. ResearchMethods Knowledge Base.</p><p>Tuckman, A. (1994). The yellow brick road: total quality management and the restructuring of organizational culture. Organization Studies,15(5),727-751.</p><p>Ugboro, I. O., & Obeng, K. (2000). Top management leadership, employee empowerment, job satisfaction, and customer satisfaction in TQM organizations:an empirical study. Journal of quality management, 5(2), 247272.</p><p>UNESCO (2000). The Dakar Framework for Action. Paris:UNESCO</p><p>UNESCO (2014a), Teaching and learning: achieving quality for all, Working Paper, UnitedNations educational, Scientific andCultural Organization, Paris.</p><p>UNICEF (2000). Defining quality in education, Working Paper, education section, program division, UnitedNations Childrens Fund, New York,NY,</p><p>Van Eijck, J., Romijn, H., Balkema, A., & Faaij, A. (2014). Global experience with jatropha cultivation for bioenergy: an assessment of socio-economic and environmentalaspects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,32, 869889</p><p>Vardi,Y.,& Weitz,E. (2003). Misbehavior in organizations: Theory, research, and management. Psychology Press.</p><p>Varpio, Lara, Elise Paradis, Sebastian Uijtdehaage, and Meredith Young. "The distinctions between theory, theoretical framework, and conceptual framework." Academic Medicine 95,no. 7(2020): 989-994.</p><p>Voorhees, C. M., Brady, M. K., Calantone, R., & Ramirez, E. (2016). Discriminant validity testing in marketing: an analysis, causes for concern, and proposed remedies. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 44(1),119-134.</p><p>Wachira, F. M., Gitumu, M., & Mbugua, Z. (2017). Effect of principals leadership styles on teachers job performance in public secondary schools in Kieni West Sub-County.InternationalJournalof HumanitiesandSocialScienceInvention, 6(8) 72-86.</p><p>Wali, S., & Boujelbene, Y. (2011). Cultural influences on TQM implementation and financial performance in Tunisian firms.</p><p>Wang, E. T., & Wei, H. L. (2005). The importance of market orientation, learning orientation, and quality orientation capabilities in TQM: An example from Taiwanese software industry. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence,16(10),1161-1177.</p><p>Ward, A., Stoker, H. W., & Murray-Ward, M. (1996). Achievement and ability tests-Definition of the domain. Educational Measurement, 2,2-5.</p><p>Warschauer, M., & Meskill, C. (2000). Technology and second language teaching.Handbook of undergraduate second language education,15,303-318.</p><p>Wenglinsky, H. (2002). The link between teacher classroom practices and student academic performance. Education policy analysis archives,10,12.</p><p>Wilder,S. (2014). Effects of parentalinvolvement on academic achievement:A meta-synthesis. Educational Review,66(3),377-397.</p><p>Wilkins, S. (2010). Higher education in the United Arab Emirates: An analysis of the outcomes of significant increases in supply andcompetition. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 32(4),389-400.</p><p>Wilson, K., Copeland-Solas, E., & Guthrie-Dixon, N. (2016). A preliminary study on the use of mind mapping as a visual-learning strategy in general education science classes for Arabicspeakers inthe UnitedArabEmirates. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning,16(1),31-52.</p><p>Wind,J. andMahajan, V. (1997). Issues andopportunities innew product development: an introduction to the special issue, Journal of Marketing Research, 34 (1), 112.</p><p>Witten,I. H., Bainbridge,D.,& Nichols,D. M. (2009). How to build a digital library. Morgan Kaufmann.</p><p>Wohlin, C., & Runeson, P. (2021). Guiding the selection of research methodology in industryacademia collaboration in software engineering. Information and Software Technology,140,106678.</p><p>Wong, A., & Sohal, A. (2002). An examination of the relationship between trust, commitment and relationship quality. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.</p><p>Yaakob, M. F. M., Musa, M. R., Habibi, A., & Othman, R. (2019). Strategic managementandStrategic Planninginschool:Is itworthfor teachers? Academy of Strategic Management Journal,18(3),1-6.</p><p>Yadav, S. K., Singh, S., & Gupta, R. (2019). Sampling methods. In Biomedical Statistics (pp. 71-83). Springer, Singapore.</p><p>Yawman, M., & Appiah-Kubi, J. (2018). Innovative Teaching Strategies and Students Achievement. Available at SSRN 3161988.</p><p>Yin,R.(2003).K.(2003). Casestudyresearch:Designandmethods. Sage Publications, Inc, 5,11.</p><p>Younus, A. M., & Zaidan, M. N. (2022). The Effect of Knowledge Management and Organizational Commitment on Lecturer Performance in University. Middle European Scientific Bulletin,25,55-68.</p><p>Yurdusev, A. N. (1993). Level of Analysis' and Unit of Analysis': A Case for Distinction. Millennium, 22(1),77-88.</p><p>Yusof, S. R. M., & Aspinwall, E. (2000). Total quality management implementation frameworks: comparison and review. Total quality management, 11(3), 281294.</p><p>Zainudin, A. (2012). Structural equation modeling using AMOS graphic. Shah Alam:</p><p>Universiti Teknologi MARA Publication Centre (UPENA).</p><p>Zakuan, N. M., Yusof, S. M., Laosirihongthong, T., & Shaharoun, A. M. (2010). Proposed relationship of TQM and organisational performance using structured equation modelling. TQM, 21(2),185-203.</p><p>Zaman, A. S. & Anjalin, U. (2016). Implementing total quality management in education:Compatibility and challenges. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4, 207-217.</p><p>Zangirolami-Raimundo, J., Echeimberg, J. D. O., & Leone, C. (2018). Research methodology topics: Cross-sectional studies. Journal of Human Growth and Development,28(3),356-360.</p><p>Zanqar,F. S. M., Khatibi,A., Azam,S. F.,& Tham,J. (2019). The Challenges of Total Quality Management on Education Quality in UAE. European Journal of Economic and Financial Research. European Journal of Economic and Financial Research,3(4),70-80.</p><p>Zaramdini, W. (2007). An empirical study of the motives and benefits of ISO 9000 certification: the UAE experience. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management.</p><p>Zehir,C., Ertosun, . G., Zehir, S., & Mceldilli, B. (2012). TQM practices effects on quality performance and innovative performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 41,273-280.</p><p>Zeineddine, C. (2017). Employing nation branding in the Middle East-United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Qatar. Management & Marketing. Challenges for the knowledge society,12(2),208-221.</p><p>Zhang, J., Chen, W., Petrovsky, N., & Walker, R. M. (2022). The expectancydisconfirmation model and citizen satisfaction with public services: A meta-analysis and anagenda for best practice. Public Administration Review, 82(1), 147-159.</p><p>Zikmund, W. G. (2000). Business ResearchMethods, Orlando Fl:Dryden Press.</p><p>Zink,K. J. (2012). TQM as a holistic management concept: The European model for business excellence. Springer Science & Business Media.</p><p></p> |