Optical fibers Lasers 37 Optical amplifiers 33 Optical communications 19 Fiber optics 17 Photonics 12 Materials 11 Optical fiber detectors 10 Wavelength division multiplexing 9 Brillouin scattering 8 Bragg gratings 7 Design and construction 6 Research 6 Equipment and supplies 5 Nonlinear optics 5 Optical wave guides 5 Carbon nanotubes 4 Optical fiber communication 4 Thulium 4 Ytterbium 4 Design and constructions 3 Er-YAG lasers 3 Erbium 3 Graphene 3 Laser materials 3 Optical detectors 3 Single-mode optical fibers 3 Thermoluminescence 3 Control 2 Electromagnetic waves 2