Evaluation of antifungal and phytochemical activity from different parts of cerbera odollam gaertn
Heavy usage of commercial fungicide in the agricultural sector has resulted in environmental pollution that has imposed a significant risk to human health. The current research intended to explore the use of plant extracts (botanical) as alternative to synthetic fungicide. Ethanolic extracts of C...
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| 格式: | Thesis |
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| 語言: | English |
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| 在線閱讀: | http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77896/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77896/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77896/4/Chu%20Sue%20Yin.pdf |
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| 總結: | Heavy usage of commercial fungicide in the agricultural sector has resulted in
environmental pollution that has imposed a significant risk to human health. The current
research intended to explore the use of plant extracts (botanical) as alternative to
synthetic fungicide. Ethanolic extracts of Cerbera odollam from leaf, flower, fruit, seed,
wood and bark were tested for antifungal properties. Antifungal bioassay was
performed through dilution method at various concentrations (500 ppm to 3000 ppm)
against fungi: Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicilium citrinum and
assessed based on the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Plant toxicity was
tested by Brine Shrimp Test (BST) at different concentrations (5 to 1280 ppm).
Phytochemical tests were done using standard procedures to identify the phytochemical
compounds involved in the antifungal activity and Liquid Chromatography Mass
Spectrometry (LCMS) was performed to determine possible antifungal compounds
existed in all extracts. The results of the research showed that the inhibition zone for the
tested fungi generally exhibited antifungal activity from different parts. Among the
treatments, leaf extracts had recorded significant antifungal effects (P ≤ 0.05) against
Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum at all concentrations (500 to 3000 ppm)
with 3000 ppm showing the best inhibition zone. However, there was no significant
difference when extracts were tested against Penicilium citrinum. For the MIC study,
the lowest dosage recorded for leaf and bark was 250 ppm against Aspergillus niger,
while seed, fruit flower and wood showed the effect at 500 ppm; Penicilium citrinum
and Fusarium oxysporum recorded MIC value at 500 ppm from all treatments. In
toxicology test, the safe value is an amount over 20 ppm while 2 ppm and below is
considered unsafe or toxic for human being. Wood (5619.97 ppm), fruit (2116.66 ppm),
bark (1745.04 ppm) and flower (64.47 ppm) extracts showed safe levels while leaf (8.31
ppm) and seed (3.62 ppm) were slightly toxic and should be used with caution. LCMS
study of Cerbera odollam’s flower and fruit crude extracts were first reported in the
research. Antifungal compounds detected were neriifolin, hydroxybenzoic acid,
cerberinic acid, salicylic acid and terephtalic acid. Neriifolin and hydroxybenzoic acid
were identified for the first time from fruit, flower and wood extracts and cerberinic
acid, salicylic acid and terephtalic acid from bark extracts. The results of current study
indicated that Cerbera odollam leaf extracts has a potential of being a biofungicide. |
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