Palm Kernel Testa Removal And Its Effects On Extracted Oil Quality

Isirong kelapa sawit disaluti oleh lapisan nipis perang kegelapan yang merupakan testa. Testa amat sukar untuk tersingkir kerana testa kuat melekat pada biji benih isirong. Kehadiran testa akan menjejaskan warna minyak. Maka, testa akan dibuang sebelum proses pengekstrakan bagi meningkatkan kualiti...

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Main Author: Wan Sharuddin, Wan Nursyazreen Dalila
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2016
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Online Access:http://eprints.usm.my/31641/1/WAN_NURSYAZREEN_DALILA_WAN_SHARUDDIN_24.pdf
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spelling my-usm-ep.316412019-04-12T05:25:22Z Palm Kernel Testa Removal And Its Effects On Extracted Oil Quality 2016-04 Wan Sharuddin, Wan Nursyazreen Dalila T1-995 Technology(General) Isirong kelapa sawit disaluti oleh lapisan nipis perang kegelapan yang merupakan testa. Testa amat sukar untuk tersingkir kerana testa kuat melekat pada biji benih isirong. Kehadiran testa akan menjejaskan warna minyak. Maka, testa akan dibuang sebelum proses pengekstrakan bagi meningkatkan kualiti minyak. Ciri-ciri fizikal isirong kelapa sawit dikenal pasti sebelum dan selepas proses penyingkiran kulit biji isirong kelapa sawit. Kulit biji isirong kelapa sawit telah disingkirkan dari isirong kelapa sawit menggunakan satu kaedah turutan rawatan dengan natrium karbonat (Na2CO3) diikuti dengan hidrogen peroksida (H2O2). Eksperimen penyaringan dan pengoptimuman dijalankan ke atas proses penyingkiran testa dan ditentukan bahawa parameter optimum adalah pada kepekatan Na2CO3 adalah 23% (C1), suhu untuk Na2CO3 adalah 91°C (T1), kepekatan H2O2 adalah 23% (C2), dan suhu untuk H2O2 adalah 86°C (T2), dengan masa 80 min untuk (t1) dan 50 min untuk (t2). Satu model regresi peringkat kedua yang mana telah dikembangkan bersesuaian dengan nilai data R2 adalah sebanyak 0.9259. Palm kernel (PK) has surrounded by a thin dark layer brown which is testa. Testa are very difficult to be removed because testa strongly attached to the kernel seed. The presence of testa will affects the color of the oil. So, the testa needs to be removed before extraction process to improve the quality of oil. The physical characteristics of PK before and after the palm kernel testa (PKT) removal process were investigated. PKT was removed from the palm kernels using a method consisting of sequential treatment with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) followed by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Screening and optimization experiments carried out on the testa removal process determined that the optimum parameters were at Na2CO3 concentration (C1) of 23%, Na2CO3 temperature (T1) of 91°C, H2O2 concentration (C2) of 23% and H2O2 temperature (T2) of 86°C at 80 min (t1) and 50 min (t2), respectively. A second-order regression model which was developed fitted the data adequately with an R2 value of 0.9259. 2016-04 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/31641/ http://eprints.usm.my/31641/1/WAN_NURSYAZREEN_DALILA_WAN_SHARUDDIN_24.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri (School of Industrial Technology)
institution Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection USM Institutional Repository
language English
topic T1-995 Technology(General)
spellingShingle T1-995 Technology(General)
Wan Sharuddin, Wan Nursyazreen Dalila
Palm Kernel Testa Removal And Its Effects On Extracted Oil Quality
description Isirong kelapa sawit disaluti oleh lapisan nipis perang kegelapan yang merupakan testa. Testa amat sukar untuk tersingkir kerana testa kuat melekat pada biji benih isirong. Kehadiran testa akan menjejaskan warna minyak. Maka, testa akan dibuang sebelum proses pengekstrakan bagi meningkatkan kualiti minyak. Ciri-ciri fizikal isirong kelapa sawit dikenal pasti sebelum dan selepas proses penyingkiran kulit biji isirong kelapa sawit. Kulit biji isirong kelapa sawit telah disingkirkan dari isirong kelapa sawit menggunakan satu kaedah turutan rawatan dengan natrium karbonat (Na2CO3) diikuti dengan hidrogen peroksida (H2O2). Eksperimen penyaringan dan pengoptimuman dijalankan ke atas proses penyingkiran testa dan ditentukan bahawa parameter optimum adalah pada kepekatan Na2CO3 adalah 23% (C1), suhu untuk Na2CO3 adalah 91°C (T1), kepekatan H2O2 adalah 23% (C2), dan suhu untuk H2O2 adalah 86°C (T2), dengan masa 80 min untuk (t1) dan 50 min untuk (t2). Satu model regresi peringkat kedua yang mana telah dikembangkan bersesuaian dengan nilai data R2 adalah sebanyak 0.9259. Palm kernel (PK) has surrounded by a thin dark layer brown which is testa. Testa are very difficult to be removed because testa strongly attached to the kernel seed. The presence of testa will affects the color of the oil. So, the testa needs to be removed before extraction process to improve the quality of oil. The physical characteristics of PK before and after the palm kernel testa (PKT) removal process were investigated. PKT was removed from the palm kernels using a method consisting of sequential treatment with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) followed by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Screening and optimization experiments carried out on the testa removal process determined that the optimum parameters were at Na2CO3 concentration (C1) of 23%, Na2CO3 temperature (T1) of 91°C, H2O2 concentration (C2) of 23% and H2O2 temperature (T2) of 86°C at 80 min (t1) and 50 min (t2), respectively. A second-order regression model which was developed fitted the data adequately with an R2 value of 0.9259.
format Thesis
qualification_level Master's degree
author Wan Sharuddin, Wan Nursyazreen Dalila
author_facet Wan Sharuddin, Wan Nursyazreen Dalila
author_sort Wan Sharuddin, Wan Nursyazreen Dalila
title Palm Kernel Testa Removal And Its Effects On Extracted Oil Quality
title_short Palm Kernel Testa Removal And Its Effects On Extracted Oil Quality
title_full Palm Kernel Testa Removal And Its Effects On Extracted Oil Quality
title_fullStr Palm Kernel Testa Removal And Its Effects On Extracted Oil Quality
title_full_unstemmed Palm Kernel Testa Removal And Its Effects On Extracted Oil Quality
title_sort palm kernel testa removal and its effects on extracted oil quality
granting_institution Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri (School of Industrial Technology)
publishDate 2016
url http://eprints.usm.my/31641/1/WAN_NURSYAZREEN_DALILA_WAN_SHARUDDIN_24.pdf
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